fermentasi substrat cair fermentasi nata de coco_yusdhika bayu_ 12.70.0144_b5
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Nata de coco dapat dihasilkan dari air kelapa....TRANSCRIPT
7/18/2019 Fermentasi Substrat Cair Fermentasi Nata de Coco_Yusdhika Bayu_ 12.70.0144_B5
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Acara II
FERMENTASI SUBSTRAT CAIR
FERMENTASI NATA DE COCO
LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM
TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI
Disusun oleh:
Nama: Yushi!a "a#u Sa$u%ro
NIM: &'()*(*&++
Kelom$o! ",
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNOLOGI PANGAN
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
UNI-ERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGI.APRANATA
SEMARANG
'*&,
7/18/2019 Fermentasi Substrat Cair Fermentasi Nata de Coco_Yusdhika Bayu_ 12.70.0144_B5
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1. HASIL PENGAMATAN
1.1. Tabel Pengamatan Fermentasi Substrat Cair Fermentasi Nata de Coco
/asil $en0ama%an 1ermen%asi su2s%ra% cair 1ermen%asi nata de coco a$a% iliha% $aa
Ta2el &(
Ta2el &( /asil Pen0ama%an Fermen%asi Su2s%ra% 3air Fermen%asi Nata de Coco.
Kelom$o! Tin00i meia
a4al 5cm6
Tin00i !e%e2alan na%a 5cm6 Persen%ase la$isan na%a 576
* ) &+ * ) &+
"& ' * *89 *8 * &, +*
"' &8, * *8, *8; * 99899 +*
"9 '8< * *89 *8, * &*89+ &)8'+"+ ' * *8+ *8, * '* ',
", &8, * *8, *8 * 99899 ,9899
"erasar!an hasil $en0ama%an #an0 ia$a%!an ari $erco2aan #an0 suah ila!u!an
ia$a%!an 2ah4a $aa !elom$o! "& memili!i %in00i meia a4al ' cm8 nata de coco
#an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari !e=) memili!i
%in00i !e%e2alan *89 cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8 cm8 ser%a
$ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari !e=) #ai%u&,78 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u +*7( Kelom$o! "' memili!i %in00i meia a4al &8, cm8
nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari
!e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8, cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan
*8; cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari
!e=) #ai%u 9989978 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u +*7( Kelom$o! "9 memili!i %in00i meia
a4al '8< cm8 nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *
cm8 $aa hari !e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *89 cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i
%in00i !e%e2alan *8, cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=*
#ai%u *78 $aa hari !e=) #ai%u &*89+78 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u &)8'+7( Kelom$o!
"+ memili!i %in00i meia a4al ' cm8 nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=*
memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari !e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8+ cm8 an
$aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8, cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0
ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari !e=) #ai%u '*78 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u
',7( Kelom$o! ", memili!i %in00i meia a4al &8, cm8 nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an
$aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari !e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan
'
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*8, cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8 cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan
na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari !e=) #ai%u 9989978 an $aa
hari !e=&+ #ai%u ,98997( Persen%ase la$isan na%a $aa hari !e=) %er%in00i ia$a%!an
!elom$o! "' an ", #ai%u 998997 an %erenah ia$a%!an !elom$o! "9 #ai%u
&*89+7( Persen%ase le$isan na%a $aa hari !e=&+ %er%in00i ia$a%!an !elom$o! ",
#ai%u ,98997 an %erenah ia$a%!an !elom$o! "9 #ai%u &)8'+7(
(
9
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. PEMBAHASAN
Salah sa%u $rou! 1ermen%asi #ai%u nata de coco a$a% 2erasal ari su2s%ra% cair #an0
memili!i !anun0an 0ula ser%a asam #an0 2er2en%u! se$er%i 0el #an0 men0a$un0 i
$ermu!aan meium 5/a#a%i8 '**96( Nata de coco i1ermen%asi men00una!an 2a!%eri
Acetobacter xylinum( Na%a seniri aalah sua%u selulosa $u%ih %rans$aran8 2er2en%u!
$aa%8 an 2er%e!s%ur !en#al( Nata de coco memili!i !aar air #an0 %in00i ser%a
i!onsumsi sela#a!n#a ma!anan rin0an( "ahan=2ahan en0an %in00in#a !aar $ro%ein8
0ula8 an mineral se$er%i $aa air !ela$a8 sari 2uah man00a8 sari !eelai8 ser%a sari 2uah
nanas a$a% ihasil!an $rou! na%a 5Pam2a#un8 '**'6( Acetobacter xylinum #an0
mem1ermen%asi nata de coco aalah >enis 2a!%eri asam ase%a% #an0 mam$umen0o!siasi sen#a4a al!ohol an sen#a4a 0ula men>ai asam ase%a% 5/ali2 et al (8
'*&'6(
"e2era$a 0enus #an0 %ermasu! !e alam 2a!%eri asam ase%a% an%ara lain Acidomonas,
Glucanocetobacter, Asaia, Kozakia, Gloconobacter, Acetobacter, Saccaharibacter, dan
Swaminathania( Genus Acetobacter a$a% men0o!siasi asam ase%a% men>ai !ar2on
io!sia an air en0an a!%i?i%as en@im i alam si!lus !re2s( Genus Gluconobacter
%ia! men0o!siasi asam ase%a% !arena %ia! memili!i en@im #an0 cu!u$( Genus
Glucanocetobacter mam$u mem$rou!si selulosa en0an !emurnian %in00i8 2enin0
se$er%i !ris%al8 sera0am8 an !e!ua%an me!anisn#a %in00i 5/ali2 et al (8 '*&'6(
Acetobacter xylinum a$a% iisolasi ari 2uah #an0 2usu!8 sa#uran8 an air !ela$a #an0
i1ermen%asi( "e2era$a s%rain ari Acetobacter xylinum a$a% mem$rou!si selulosa
alam >umlah #an0 2er?ariasi an %um2uh $aa ?arie%as su2s%ra% se$er%i su!rosa8
0lu!osa8 0ula in?er%8 1ru!%osa8 2ah!an ari su2s%ra% 0liserol an e%anol 5.a0anna%h et al (8
'**6( Su2s%ra% e%anol a$a% i$rou!si ari hiro!ar2on a%au !ar2ohira% en0an
hirasi ethylene a%au 1ermen%asi( /irasi ethylene aalah me%oe $rou!si !omersial
un%u! a$li!asi inus%ri se$er%i minuman #an0 i$rou!si men00una!an 1ermen%asi sel
yeast 5Mon%eale0re et al (8 '*&'6( Selulosa #an0 i$rou!si Acetobacter xylinum a!an
2ai! >i!a men00una!an !ul%ur #an0 ia0i%asi #an0 nan%in#a a!an mem$en0aruhi %i$e
an !onsen%rasi 0ula8 sum2er ni%ro0en8 ser%a $/ 5.a0anna%h et al (8 '**6(
+
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Selulosa 2a!%eri 5 Bacterial cellulose6 aalah e!so$olisa!aria #an0 i$rou!si ari
s%rain Acetobacter #an0 memili!i !om$onen 1isi! an !imia #an0 !has se$er%i memili!i
!ere0an0an #an0 %in00i $aa $i%a selulosan#a8 era>a% $olimerisasi an !ris%alini%asn#a
%in00i8 0a#a !e%e0an0an an elas%isi%asn#a %in00i8 menai!!an !a$asi%as alam menahan
air8 $orosi%asn#a %in00i8 !anun0an !imian#a murni8 ser%a memili!i !emam$uan
2ioe0raasi 5Almeia et al (8 '*&96( Sen#a4a Na8 K8 3a8 M08 an Fe aalah nu%rien%
#an0 $en%in0 alam $rou!si $olisa!aria !arena sen#a4a %erse2u% meru$a!an !o1a!%or
en@im alam $rou!si $olisa!aria( Sum2er nu%rien% 1os1or a!an i0una!an se2a0ai
1os1a% #an0 muah laru% en0an sen#a4a 3a8 K8 Na8 Fe8 3u8 M08 3o8 an mineral lain
en0an !onsen%rasi #an0 renah 5Almeia et al (8 '*&96( Acetobacter xylinum mam$u
mem$rou!si 2ioselulosa en0an iame%er &** !ali le2ih !ecil ari selulosa 2iasa(
Den0an emi!ian 2ioselulosa ari Acetobacter xylinum a!an memili!i area $ermu!aan
#an0 le2ih 2esar an mem2ua% selulosa %erse2u% men>ai hiro1ili! 5Mon%eale0re et al (8
'*&'6( Air !ela$a memili!i !aar 0ula an 0lu!osa #an0 2er0una se2a0ai sum2er
!ar2on Acetobacter xylinum( Tin00in#a !aar sera% #an0 aa $aa nata de coco san0a%
2ai! un%u! !eseha%an manusia( Sera% en0an !aar #an0 %in00i 2er1un0si mem$ermuah
$en#era$an lema! ser%a $en#era$an mineral i alam $roses me%a2olisme secara
sem$urna( Sera% ma!anan aalah 2a0ian ari sel %anaman #an0 %ia! a$a% icerna oleh
en@im $encernaan manusia 5Mesom#a et al (8 '**;6( Sera% %ia! a$a% ia2sor2si ari
usus !ecil %e%a$i aa 2a0ian #an0 a$a% ihirolisis oleh 2a!%eri #an0 %era$a% i usus
2esar( Sera% ma!anan i2a0i men>ai ' %i$e 2erasar!an !elaru%ann#a #ai%u sera% laru%
air an sera% %ia! laru% air( Per2eaan %i$e %erse2u% memili!i e1e! 1isiolo0i #an0
2er2ea( Sera% laru% air a$a% 2erasosiasi en0an mereu!si !oles%erol alam arah an
men0a2sor2si 0lu!osa i saluran usus( Sera% %ia! laru% 2erhu2un0an en0an en0an
$en#era$an air an men0a%ur $encernaan 5Mesom#a et al (8 '**;6(
"e2era$a s$esies ari 0olon0an 2a!%eri asam ase%a% mam$u mem2en%u! selulosa(
Acetobacter xylinum aalah 2a!%eri 0ram ne0a%i1 alam 0enus Acetobacter en0an si1a%
aero28 memili!i 2en%u! se$er%i 2a%an0 $ene! 5!o!us6 5A%las8 &<+6( Den0an $roses
$en0am2ilan sen#a4a 0lu!osa a%au 0ula #an0 aa i air !ela$a oleh sel=sel Acetobacter
xylinum ma!a a!an %er>ai $em2en%u!an nata de coco( Nata de coco a$a2ila
i%am2ah!an sen#a4a 3M3 memili!i $o%ensi se2a0ai minuman ins%an en0an sera%
,
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#an0 %in00i( Minuman ins%an ari nata de coco ihasil!an en0an men00una!an me%oe
$en0erin0an( Un%u! Dalam menin0!a%!an !ece$a%an $en0erin0an an menin0!a%!an
?olume 2ahan ma!a i0una!an $en0isi e!s%rin( 3M3 i0una!an se2a0ai stabilizer
%erhaa$ $rou!( Penam2ahan e!s%rin an 3M3 a!an menin0!a%!an !uali%as minuman
ins%an nata de coco men>ai 2ai! 5San%osa et al (8 '*&'6( "e2era$a %aha$ alam
$em2ua%an nata de coco an%ara lain $ersia$an ari 2ahan ser%a ala%8 $emeliharaan ari
2ia!an murni #an0 a!an i0una!an #ai%u Acetobacter xylinum, $em2ua%an !ul%ur s%ar%er8
%aha$ 1ermen%asi8 %aha$ $emanenan8 %aha$ $en0olahan8 ser%a %aha$ $en0emasan
5Palun0!un8 &<<;6(
Dalam $rou!si nata de coco8 %eru%ama #an0 i$rou!si alam inus%ri !omersial8 air
!ela$a aalah 2ahan #an0 serin0 i$a!ai( Air !ela$a mem$un#ai !eun00ulan se$er%i
har0an#a cu!u$ %er>an0!au8 minimaln#a $o%ensi !on%aminasi se2a2 air !ela$a aalah
$rou! alami8 an !e%erseiaan ari air !ela$a cu!u$ melim$ah( Kanun0an nu%risi
#an0 %era$a% i air !ela$a a!an men0o$%imal!an $rou!si 2a!%eri selulosa Acetobacter
5Palun0!un8 &<<;6( Proses $em2ua%an $rou! nata de coco $aa $ra!%i! ini ia4ali
en0an $em2ua%an meia #a!ni en0an air !ela$a isarin0 0una memisah!an !o%oran
ser%a cemaran #an0 aa( Lalu air !ela$a i$anas!an8 i%am2ah &* 7 0ula $asir8 lalu
iau! hin00a laru%( Aa $emanasan a!an 2er0una un%u! meminimal!an !on%aminasi
ari mi!roor0anisme #an0 a$a% 2er$en0aruh %erhaa$ $er%um2uhan Acetobacter
xylinum. Aan#a 0ula #an0 i%am2ah!an a0ar men0o$%imal!an !onisi 2a0i
$er%um2uhan Acetobacter xylinum. Gula a!an men>ai sum2er !ar2on #an0 2ersi1a%
or0ani! 2a0i Acetobacter xylinum sehin00a %enunan selulosa a$a% ihasil!an 5Fi0ini8
&<'6( Konsen%rasi 0ula #an0 2erle2ihan a!an menurun!an !eo$%imalan Acetobacter
xylinum( Gula >u0a a$a% 2er1un0si men0!on%ri2usi %e!s%ur8 mem2eri!an 1la?or8men0a4e%!an8 ser%a mem$er2ai!i $enam$a!an. Sum2er !ar2on se$er%i manosa8 la!%osa8
ser%a mal%osa >u0a a$a% mem2eri!an !eo$%imalan Acetobacter xylinum 5/a#a%i8 '**96.
Kemuian se%elah i%am2ah 0ula8 i%am2ah *8,7 ammonium sul1a%( Aan#a ammonium
sul1a% selain un%u! sem2er !ar2on >u0a 2er1un0si un%u! men0hilan0!an sen#a4a #an0
2ersi1a% $en0o%or #an0 memili!i $o%ensi se2a0ai !on%aminan( Ammonium sul1a% >u0a
2er1un0si un%u! sum2er ni%ro0en #an0 2ersi1a% anor0ani! 2a0i Acetobacter xylinum
5Rahman8 &<<'6.
;
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Aa sum2er ni%ro0en lain #an0 a$a% i0una!an se$er%i ammonium 1os1a%8 e!s%ra! yeast 8
an urea( Ammonium 1os1a% a$a2ila i0una!an >u0a memili!i !eun%un0an se$er%i a$a%
men0ham2a% $er%um2uhan ari 2a!%eri Acetobacter aceti #an0 meru$a!an !om$e%i%or
2a0i $er%um2uhan Acetobacter xylinum 5Pam2a#un8 '**'6. Se%elah i%u i%am2ah asam
cu!a 0lasial hin00a $/ menca$ai + sam$ai ,( Asam cu!a 0lasial #an0 i%am2ah!an
2er1un0si men0a%ur !easaman ari $/ un%u! mem2an%u $er%um2uhan Acetobacter
xylinum. Acetobacter xylinum mam$u %um2uh alam ren%an0 $/ 98, sam$ai )8,(
Acetobacter xylinum a!an le2ih o$%imum %um2uh $aa suasana asam i $/ +89( A$a2ila
$/ %erlalu renah Acetobacter xylinum %ia! a$a% un%u! %um2uh !arena a$a%
men0hen%i!an a!%i?i%as $roses 1ermen%asi a!i2a% ener0i #an0 2erle2ihan( Fermen%asi
s%a%is men00una!an meia air !ela$a a!an men0hasil!an selulosa $aa $ermu!aan ser%a
$rou!sin#a a!an le2ih o$%imal a$a2ila ila!u!an $aa $/ + sam$ai , 5Rahman8 &<<'6(
Kemuian i$anas!an !em2ali sam$ai meniih ser%a hin00a semuan#a laru% lalu
isarin0( Proses $emanasan !em2ali ini >u0a 2er1un0si men0hilan0!an mi!roor0anisme
$en#e2a2 !on%aminasi an >u0a memuah!an 0ula $asir un%u! laru%( Proses 1ermen%asi
a!an men>ai %erham2a% ser%a a!an men0hasil!an sela$u% #an0 %e2al a$a2ila 0ula %ia!
laru%( Gula #an0 %ia! laru% >u0a a!an suli% un%u! isera$ oleh 2a!%eri 5A%las8 &<+6(
5a6 526 5c6 56 5e6 516 506
5h6 5i6
Ke%eran0an: 5a6( Pen#arin0an8 526( Pemanasan a4al8 5c6( Penam2ahan 0ula8 56(
Pen0au!an8 5e6( Penam2ahan ammonium sul1a%8 516( Penam2ahan asam cu!a 0lasial8
506( Pen0u!uran $/8 5h6( Pemanasan !eua8 an 5i6( Pen#arin0an(
Se%elah i%u ilan>u%!an en0an $roses 1ermen%asi #a!ni en0an meia s%eril iam2il &**
ml lalu imasu!!an !e 4aah $las%i! 2ersih ser%a i%u%u$ ra$a%( Kemuian 2ian0 na%a
a%au s%ar%er i%am2ah!an &*7 ari meia !e 4aah en0an cara ase$%is( /al #an0
ila!u!an sesuai en0an %eori !arena alam $em2ua%an na%a8 s%ar%er #an0 i%am2ah!an
2er!isar +7 sam$ai &*7( Ase$%is ila!u!an a0ar %erci$%a !eaaan s%eril $aa semua
$ra!%i! #an0 ila!u!an ser%a a0ar meniminal!an %er>ain#a !on%aminasi( Ase$%is aalah
salah sa%u cara un%u! mence0ah %ercemarn#a 2ia!an #an0 aa ser%a men0hinar!an
)
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in1e!si iri ari 2a!%eri #an0 meru0i!an 5A%las8 &<+6( Se%elah i%u en0an $erlahan
iau! a0ar s%a%er secara homo0en %ercam$ur lalu i%u%u$ en0an men00una!an !er%as
co!la%( Ini ila!u!an !arena 2a!%eri Acetobacter xylinum alam $er%um2uhann#a
mem2u%uh!an o!si0en 52a!%eri aero2i!6( O!si0en #an0 aa %ia! 2oleh !on%a! a%au
2ersen%uhan lan0sun0 $aa $ermu!aan su2s%ra%( Aan#a !er%as co!la% #an0 i0una!an
un%u! menu%u$i >u0a 2er1un0si a0ar na%a %erlinun0 ari !on%aminasi #an0 2erasal ari
lin0!un0an 5Palun0!un8 &<<;6( Kemuian ila!u!an in!u2asi ' min00u i alam suhu
ruan0( aah $als%i! >an0an i0o#an0!an selama $roses in!u2asi a0ar %ia! %er$isah=
$isah la$isan na%a #an0 %elah %er2en%u!( In!u2asi a!an mem2eri!an 4a!%u $aa
Acetobacter xylinum un%u! 2era!%i?i%as an menci$%a!an !onisi o$%imum 2a0i
$er%um2uhan Acetobacter xylinum. In!u2asi i alam suhu ruan0 ini >u0a a!an
men0o$%imum!an 1ermen%asi $rou! nata de coco !arena suhu ruan0 meru$a!an suhu
#an0 o$%imum 52er!isar 'o3 sam$ai 9*o36( Selain i%u i alam suhu ruan0 Acetobacter
xylinum >u0a mam$u %um2uh 5Rahman8 &<<'6(
Per%um2uhan 2a!%eri a!an %erham2a% a$a2ila suhu #an0 i0una!an ia%as a%au %erlalu
%in00i 5ia%as +*o368 2ah!an 2a!%eri a!an %er2unuh( A$a2ila %erlalu renah suhu in!u2asi
#an0 i0una!an a!an mem2ua% luna!n#a %e!s%ur ari na%a 2ah!an la$isan na%a %ia!
a!an %er2en%u! 5Fi0ini8 &<'6( Nata de coco #an0 %er2en%u! iama%i mulai ari la$isan
$aa $ermu!aan cairan #an0 %er2en%u!( Di hari !e=) an hari !e=&+ !e%e2alan ari
la$isan nata de coco >u0a iama%i an $ersen%ase !enai!an !e%e2alan >u0a ihi%un0(
La$isan na%a a!an %er2en%u! an 2eraa i a%as meia !arena 1ermen%asi ari nata de
coco a!an men0hasil!an 3O'( 3O' cenerun0 mele!a% $aa selulosa sehin00a mem2ua%
>arin0an a!an %eran0!a% !e a%as( La$isan $u%ih a%au la$isan na%a #an0 %er2en%u!
meru$a!an a!hir ari $roses 1ermen%asi nata de coco( La$isan $u%ih %er2en%u! ia4ali
ari $em2en%u!an mio1i2ril #an0 $an>an0 ari 0lu!osa !arena aan#a !om$onen
selulosa 5Fi0ini8 &<'6( Gas !ar2onio!sia a!an ihasil!an ser%a a!an men0an0!a%
la$isan na%a( A!an %um2uh mi!roor0anisme se%elah $roses 1ermen%asi 2era!hir $aa
meia ser%a a!an mem2en%u! lem2aran a%au 2enan0=2enan0 selulosa #an0 !emuian
a!an memaa%8 memili!i 4arna $u%ih a%au 2er4arna %rans$aran 5Rahman8 &<<'6(
Kemuian na%a #an0 %elah >ai icuci men00una!an air men0alir lalu imasa!
men00una!an air 0ula( Na%a #an0 icuci 2er1un0si a0ar asamn#a hilan0( Selain i%u8
$emasa!an en0an air 0ula >u0a 2er1un0si men0hilan0!an asam an mem2eri!an rasa
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manis $aa na%a 5Pam2a#un8 '**'6( Na%a #an0 %elah imasa!8 iu>i secara sensori
meli$u%i 4arna8 rasa8 aroma8 ser%a %e!s%ur( Namun alam $ra!%i! !ali ini %ia! aa u>i
sensori !arena nata de coco #an0 i2ua% %ia! %er2en%u! 5%ia! >ai8 na%a #an0 %er2en%u!
aa #an0 $ecah6(
5>6 5!6 5l6 5m6
Ke%eran0an: 5>6( Pen0am2ilan meia8 5!6( Meia i%uan0 !e 4aah8 5l6( Penam2ahan
2ian0 na%a8 an 5m6( Proses in!u2asi(
"erasar!an hasil $en0ama%an $aa !elom$o! "& memili!i %in00i meia a4al ' cm8
nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari
!e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *89 cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan
*8 cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari
!e=) #ai%u &,78 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u +*7( Kelom$o! "' memili!i %in00i meia
a4al &8, cm8 nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *
cm8 $aa hari !e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8, cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i
%in00i !e%e2alan *8; cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=*
#ai%u *78 $aa hari !e=) #ai%u 9989978 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u +*7( Kelom$o! "9
memili!i %in00i meia a4al '8< cm8 nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=*
memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari !e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *89 cm8 an
$aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8, cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0
ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari !e=) #ai%u &*89+78 an $aa hari !e=&+#ai%u &)8'+7( Kelom$o! "+ memili!i %in00i meia a4al ' cm8 nata de coco #an0
ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari !e=) memili!i
%in00i !e%e2alan *8+ cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8, cm8 ser%a
$ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari !e=) #ai%u
'*78 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u ',7( Kelom$o! ", memili!i %in00i meia a4al &8, cm8
nata de coco #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan * cm8 $aa hari
!e=) memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan *8, cm8 an $aa hari !e=&+ memili!i %in00i !e%e2alan
<
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*8 cm8 ser%a $ersen%ase la$isan na%a #an0 ihasil!an $aa hari !e=* #ai%u *78 $aa hari
!e=) #ai%u 9989978 an $aa hari !e=&+ #ai%u ,98997( Persen%ase la$isan na%a $aa hari
!e=) %er%in00i ia$a%!an !elom$o! "' an ", #ai%u 998997 an %erenah ia$a%!an
!elom$o! "9 #ai%u &*89+7( Persen%ase le$isan na%a $aa hari !e=&+ %er%in00i
ia$a%!an !elom$o! ", #ai%u ,98997 an %erenah ia$a%!an !elom$o! "9 #ai%u
&)8'+7(
5n6
Ke%eran0an: 5n6( /asil $en0ama%an !e%e2alan nata de coco8 $aa ere% a%as $en0ama%an
$aa hari !e=) an $aa ere% 2a4ah $en0ama%an $aa hari !e=&+8 ari !iri !e !anan
!elom$o! "&8 "'8 "98 "+8 an ",(
Na%a #an0 2ai! memili!i %ran$aransi #an0 %in00i8 selolusa 0el #an0 %er2en%u! homo0en8
an memili!i !e%in00ian #an0 o$%imal an%ara &8, cm sam$ai ' cm( Na%a #an0 !uran0
2ai! memili!i !e%in00ian !uran0 ari *8, cm ser%a memili!i 4arna $u%ih $uca%( Ini
%er>ai >i!a !anun0an o!si0en #an0 aa alam na%a !uran0 #an0 a$a% men0ham2a%
$er%um2uhan 2a!%eri Acetobacter xylinum 5/a#a%i8 '**96( Dari hasil $en0ama%an8 %in00i
!e%e2alan na%a masin0=masin0 !elom$o! >u0a men0alami $enin0!a%an 2ai! $aa hari!e=) hin00a hari !e=&+( Sema!in lama 4a!%u in!u2asi #an0 i0una!an ma!a la$isan
nata de coco #an0 %er2en%u! a!an sema!in %e2al( Sum2er !ar2on8 suhu8 %in0!a%
!easaman8 an umur !ela$a aalah 1a!%or #an0 2er$en0aruh %erhaa$ $em2en%u!an
na%a( Na%a #an0 %er2en%u! >u0a !arena $er%um2uhan Acetobacter xylinum %ia!
%er0an00u oleh mi!ro2a $en#e2a2 !on%aminasi( a!%u an %in0!a% $o$ulasi ino!ulum
>u0a 2er$en0aruh %erhaa$ !e%e2alan la$isan na%a selama 1ermen%asi 5Rahman8 &<<'6(
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Paa !elom$o! "& an "9 memili!i %in00i meia a4al #an0 2er2ea namun memili!i
!e%e2alan na%a #an0 sama $aa hari !e=)( Ini a$a% ise2a2!an %era$a%n#a mi!ro2a
$aa meia #an0 a$a% men0ham2a% an mem2ua% %ia! o$%imaln#a a!%i?i%as
1ermen%asi( Meia a4al #an0 %in00i seharusn#a mem2ua% !e%e2alan na%a #an0 i$eroleh
menin0!a%( Su2s%ra% #an0 %er2a%as >u0a a$a% mem2ua% $rou!si selulosa %erham2a%(
Selain i%u8 !oe1isien o!si0en #an0 %eri1usi a!an mem2ua% $eli!el 5sera%=sera% en0an
2en%u! se$er%i >arin0an #an0 %era$a% $aa la$isan $ermu!aan an%ara cairan an uara6
selulosa men>ai %ia! a!%i1 5Fi0ini8 &<'6( Na%a #an0 %ia! %er2en%u! i$en0aruhi oleh
2e2era$a 1a!%or an%ara lain su$lai o!si0en #an0 !uran08 nu%rien% #an0 !uran08 !uran0
sesuain#a alam $em2ua%an8 ser%a aan#a 0an00uan selama i alam $roses in!u2asi(
Kuran0 sesuain#a meia 1ermen%asi #an0 i2ua% se$er%i meia #an0 %erlalu $e!a% a!an
men0ham2a% men#e2a2!an $em2en%u!an selulosa !arena %e!anan osmosis #an0
menin0!a%( Te!anan osmosis mem2ua% sel 2a!%eri %er>ai lisis 5A%las8 &<+6( La$isan
na%a #an0 %er2en%u! a!an %en00elam a$a2ila %era$a% 0an00uan selama i alam $roses
in!u2asi( Masih a$a% %er2en%u! la$isan na%a #an0 2aru a$a2ila !eaaan memun0!in!an(
aah $las%i! #an0 i0una!an >u0a mem$en0aruhi !e%in00ian na%a #an0 %er2en%u!(
Sema!in an0!al an luas 4aah #an0 i0una!an ma!a sema!in %in00i la$isan na%a
#an0 %er2en%u!( Ini a$a% %er>ai !arena su$lai o!si0en #an0 cu!u$ a$a% mera%a $aa
$ermu!aan la$isan na%a 5/a#a%i8 '**96. aah $las%i! #an0 i0una!an %ia$ !elom$o!
2er2ea >enis ser%a u!urann#a sehin00a mem$en0aruhi $er2eaan %in00i na%a #an0
ia$a%(
Dalam $ra!%i! ini %ia! ila!u!an u>i sensori %erhaa$ nata de coco. Nata de coco $aa
umumn#a memili!i !ara!%eris%i! sensori se$er%i %era$a% aroma #an0 asam a!i2a%
aan#a $enam2ahan asam cu!a 0lasial( Namun aroma asam %erse2u% a$a% ihilan0!anmelalui $encucian( Asam ari nata de coco >u0a %er2en%u! !arena o!siasi ari 0ula
men>ai asam ase%a% selama 1ermen%asi( Nata de coco $aa umumn#a memili!i 4arna
$u%ih( arna $u%ih ini a$a% ihasil!an !arena Acetobacter xylinum mene0raasi
su2s%ra% 5Palun0!un8 &<<;6( Re!asi 4arna ari nata de coco >u0a %er2en%u! ari aan#a
0ula #an0 a!an masu! !e >arin0an sera%=sera% selulosa8 rea!si Acetobacter xylinum
en0an air !ela$a alam 1ermen%asi8 ser%a aan#a ni%ro0en #an0 %erlaru%( Nata de coco
umumn#a memili!i %e!s%ur #an0 !en#al !arena !anun0an selulosa( Na%a a!an sema!in
&&
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!en#al a$a2ila !anun0an selulosa ser%a sera% !asarn#a %in00i( Sera% !asar %er2en%u!
oleh a!%i?i%as Acetobacter xylinum saa% me%a2olisme sen#a4a 0lu!osa men>ai selulosa(
Asam cu!a 0lasial #an0 2erle2ihan !e%i!a i%am2ah!an a!an men#e2a2!an %e!s%ur na%a
e coco menurun. Nata de coco umumn#a memili!i rasa #an0 manis !arena laru%an 0ula
#an0 i%am2ah!an 5Pam2a#un8 '**'6(
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!. "ESIMPULAN
• Nata de coco i1ermen%asi men00una!an 2a!%eri Acetobacter xylinum.
• Acetobacter xylinum mam$u men0o!siasi sen#a4a al!ohol an sen#a4a 0ula
men>ai asam ase%a%(
• "e2era$a %aha$ alam $em2ua%an nata de coco an%ara lain $ersia$an ari 2ahan
ser%a ala%8 $emeliharaan ari 2ia!an murni , $em2ua%an !ul%ur s%ar%er8 %aha$
1ermen%asi8 %aha$ $emanenan8 %aha$ $en0olahan8 ser%a %aha$ $en0emasan(
• Air !ela$a mem$un#ai !eun00ulan se$er%i har0an#a cu!u$ %er>an0!au8 minimaln#a
$o%ensi !on%aminasi8 an !e%erseiaan#a cu!u$ melim$ah(
• La$isan $u%ih 5la$isan na%a6 %er2en%u! ia4ali ari $em2en%u!an mio1i2ril #an0
$an>an0 ari 0lu!osa !arena aan#a !om$onen selulosa(
• Mi!roor0anisme a!an mem2en%u! lem2aran a%au 2enan0=2enan0 selulosa #an0
!emuian a!an memaa%8 memili!i 4arna $u%ih a%au 2er4arna %rans$aran(
• 3O' a!an mele!a% $aa selulosa sehin00a mem2ua% >arin0an a!an %eran0!a% !e a%as(
• Na%a #an0 2ai! memili!i !e%in00ian #an0 o$%imal an%ara &8, cm sam$ai ' cm(
• Sema!in lama 4a!%u in!u2asi #an0 i0una!an ma!a la$isan nata de coco #an0
%er2en%u! a!an sema!in %e2al(
• Sema!in an0!al an luas 4aah #an0 i0una!an ma!a sema!in %in00i la$isan na%a
#an0 %er2en%u!(
• Na%a #an0 %ia! %er2en%u! i$en0aruhi oleh 2e2era$a 1a!%or an%ara lain su$lai
o!si0en #an0 !uran08 nu%rien% #an0 !uran08 !uran0 sesuain#a alam $em2ua%an8
ser%a aan#a 0an00uan selama i alam $roses in!u2asi(
• Nata de coco memili!i !ara!%eris%i! sensori se$er%i %era$a% aroma #an0 asam8
memili!i 4arna $u%ih8 memili!i %e!s%ur #an08 an memili!i rasa #an0 manis(
Semaran08 ') .uni '*&, Asis%en Dosen8
=ulan A( D(
=Nies Ma#an0sari
Yushi!a "a#u Sa$u%ro
&'()*(*&++
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#. $AFTAR PUSTA"A
Almeia8 D( M(8 R( A( Pres%es8 A( F( a Fonseca8 A( L( oiciecho4s!i8 an G( osiac!i(
5'*&96( Minerals 3onsum$%ion 2# Acetobacter xylinum on 3ul%i?a%ion Meium on3oconu% a%er( "ra@ilian .ournal o1 Micro2iolo0# ++8 &8 &<)='*;(
A%las8 R( M( 5&<+6( Micro2iolo0# Funamen%al An A$$lica%ions( McMillan
Pu2lishin0 3om$an#( Ne4 Yor!(
Fi0ini8 M( 5&<'6( 3ellulose an O%her Na%ure Pol#mer S#s%em( Plenum( Ne4 Yor!(
/ali28 N(8 M( 3( I( M( Amin8 an I( Ahma( 5'*&'6( Ph#sicochemical Pro$er%ies an
3harac%eri@a%ion o1 Na%a e 3oco 1rom Local Foo Inus%ries as a Source o1 3ellulose(Sains Mala#siana +&5'6: '*,B'&&(
/a#a%i8 M( 5'**96( Mem2ua% Nata de Coco( Ai 3i%a Kar#a Nusa( Yo0#a!ar%a(
.a0anna%h8 A(8 A( Kalaisel?an8 S( S( Man>una%ha8 P( S( Ra>u8 an A( S( "a4a( 5'**6(
The E11ec% o1 $/8 Sucrose8 an Ammonium Sul$ha%e 3oncen%ra%ions on The Prouc%ion
o1 "ac%erial 3ellulose 5 Nata-de-Coco6 2# Acetobacter xylinum( orl . Micro2iol
"io%echnol( '+:',<9B',<<(
Mesom#a8 (8 -( Pa!$ean!i%?a%ana8 S( Kominr8 P( Leelaha!ul8 Y( 3u$%a$un8 D(
/en0sa4ai8 P( Tammara%e8 an P( Tan0!ana!ul( 5'**;6( E11ec%s o1 /eal%h Foo 1rom
3ereal an Na%a e 3oco on Serum Li$is in /uman( Son0!lana!arin .( Sci( Technol(
-ol(' 5Su$$l(&6: '9='(
Mon%eale0re8 3( M(8 Emerson R( D(8 La4rence -( S(8 .a# R( T( A(8 an Ri@alina L( De
L( 5'*&'6( A 3om$arison "e%4een %he Per1ormance o1 S( 3ere?isiae 3ells Immo2ili@e
in Na%a e 3oco "iocellulose an 3alcium Al0ina%e Durin0 3on%inuous "ioe%hanol
Prouc%ion( In%erna%ional .ournal o1 3hemical En0ineerin0 an A$$lica%ions8 -ol( 98 No(
+( DOI: &*());9CI.3EA('*&'(-9(&<9(
Palun0!un8 R( 5&<<;6( Ane!a Prou! Olahan Kela$a( Pene2ar S4aa#a( .a!ar%a(
Pam2a#un8 R( 5'**'6( Te!nolo0i Pen0olahan Nata de Coco( Kanisius( Yo0#a!ar%a(
Rahman8 A( 5&<<'6( Te!nolo0i Fermen%asi( Arcan( .a!ar%a(
San%osa8 "(8 K0s( Ahmai8 an Domin0us T( 5'*&'6( De%rin 3oncen%ra%ion an
3ar2o# Me%h#l 3ellulosa 53M36 in Ma!in0 o1 Fi2er=Rich Ins%an% "a?era0e 1rom Na%a
e 3oco( IEESE In%erna%ional .ournal o1 Science an Technolo0# 5I.STE68 -ol( & No(
&8;=&&(
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%. LAMPIRAN
%.1. Per&itungan
Rumus:
Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7DA4alMeiaTin00i
Na%aKe%e2alanTin00i
"el'm(') B1
/* Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&
* * 7
/) Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D'
*89 &, 7
/&+ Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D
'
*8:
+* 7
"el'm(') B
/* Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&
* * 7
/) Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&8,
*(,
99899 7
/&+ Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&8,
*8;
+* 7
"el'm(') B!
/* Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&8'
* * 7
/) Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D'8<
*89 &*89+ 7
/&+ Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D'8<
*8,
&)8'+ 7
"el'm(') B#
/* Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&
* * 7
/) Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D'
*8+ '* 7
15
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/&+ Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D'
*8,
', 7
"el'm(') B%
/* Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&
* * 7
/) Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&8,
*8, 99899 7
/&+ Persen%ase La$isan Na%a &**7D&8,
*8:
,9899 7
%.1. La('ran Sementara
%.. Abstra) *urnal
&;