Modul 1 Pendahuluan

TT 4113 SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER

1

Departemen Teknik Elektro – IT Telkom

Revisi Jan’2010; Oleh RPA

Sumber : HO TIM 2008, HO UKU&HO BPY

2 Obyektif Pengajaran Modul 1

� Siswa mengetahui tujuan pembelajaran sistem

komunikasi bergerak

� Siswa mengetahui organisasi pengajaran sistem

komunikasi bergerak

� Siswa mengetahui metodologi pengajaran, dan

cara penilaian yang dilakukan

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

cara penilaian yang dilakukan

� Siswa mengetahui garis-garis besar

perkembangan sistem komunikasi bergerak ,

terminologi-termonologi dasar

Aturan:

� Setiap mulai kuliah dilakukan doa dipimpin oleh

salah seorang mhs yg ditunjuk dosen ybs:

“Ya Tuhan, berikan kami kekuatan dan kemampuan untuk

menerima dan memahami ilmu dan kuliah hari ini”

� Untuk bisa ikut UTS atau UAS, Kehadiran minimal

90 % atau sesuai dengan peraturan institusi.

3

90 % atau sesuai dengan peraturan institusi.

� Bagi peserta yang tidak mengikuti UTS dan UAS,

akan mendapatkan nilai E

� Tidak ada nilai perbaikan, ujian susulan (kecuali

kondisi khusus sesuai peraturan Fakultas EK

� Info lengkap lihat di: BPM

TT4113 - Siskomsel - Kontrak Belajar

4 1. Detail Matakuliah

� SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER (kode TT4113)

� Dosen semester ini (diupdate setiap semester) :

No Dosen Jadwal mengajar

1 Ali Muayyadi

2 Rina Pudji Astuti

3 Uke Kurniawan

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Teksbook yang direkomendasikan:

1. Theodore Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, December 2001.

3 Uke Kurniawan

4 Budi Prasetya

• Referensi Utama

[RAP 96] Rappaport, Theodore S, “ Wireless Communication : Principles and Practice “,

Prentice Hall, 1996

[LEE 98] Lee, William CY,”Mobile Communications Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 1998

[VIJ 99] Garg, Vijay K., Wilkes, Joseph E., “ Principles &

Applications Of GSM “, Prentice Hall, 1999

C. Referensi-Referensi

2/11/2010 5

Applications Of GSM “, Prentice Hall, 1999

[VIJ 02] Garg, Vijay K., “ Wireless Network Evolution :

2G to 3G “ ,Prentice Hall, 2002

[JHO] Jhong S Lee, Miller, “CDMA System Engineering

Handbook”,

6 2. Grading Penilaian

� Komponen penilaian

– Ujian Tengah Semester : 40-50%

– Ujian Akhir Semester : 40-50%

– Quiz / Tugas / PR : 0-20%

� Syarat Kehadiran minimal 90 %

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

� Syarat Kehadiran minimal 90 %

JADWAL:7

NoKode_Kuliah

Matakuliah Kelas Prodi HariMulaiJam

JmlJam

Ruang

1 TT4113SISTEM

KOMUNIKASI SELULER

TE-02 S1-TT Senin 07.15 2 A101

SISTEM

Modul 0 - Siskom 2 - Introduction

2 TT4113SISTEM

KOMUNIKASI SELULER

TE-02 S1-TT Rabu 13.20 2 B308

3

4

8 3. Silabus dan SAP

Mgg Pertemuan Pokok Bahasan Sub Pokok Bahasan

1

1Pendahuluan Pengenalan Silabus, Pendahuluan

(sejarah, overview standar seluler)

2

Konsep Dasar Selular

2

3

4 RESPONSI # 1 Introduction dan konsep dasar seluler

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

4 RESPONSI # 1 Introduction dan konsep dasar seluler

3

5

Large Scale Fading

Path Loss Model ( Large Scale Model),

Pendahuluan, distribusi lognormal

6Model Okumura-Hata, Model COST231

, Model Walfish Ikegami, Model Lee

4 7 RESPONSI #2 Large Scale fading + contoh soal

9 Silabus dan SAP

Mgg Pertemuan Pokok Bahasan Sub Pokok Bahasan

4 8

Small Scale Fading

Dispersi waktu sinyal multipath,

bandwidth koheren, distribusi rayleigh,

rician

5

9 Doppler shift , waktu koheren

10Fading Mitigation

Large scale fading mitigation, fading

margin , dsb

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Fading Mitigation

6

11Small Scale Fading mitigation, channel

coding, diversitas, multicarrier modulation

12 RESPONSI #3Small Scale Fading dan Fading

Mitigation

7

13 Cell site design dan RF

sub-system dan

implementasinya

Subsistem dalam cell site, saluran

transmisi, antena, aspek propagasi (link

14Konsiderasi desain cell site + contoh soal

cell site design

UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER

10 Silabus dan SAP

Mgg Pertemuan Pokok Bahasan Sub Pokok Bahasan

8 15Protokol dan

manajemen komunikasiProtokol, RRM, Mobility management

16

Analisa trafik,

Dasar teori trafik , distribusi kedatangan,

kapasitas sistem selular, pengenalan

tabel Erlang

917

Kapasitas trafik sistem FDMA, TDMA,

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Analisa trafik,

interferensi dan

kapasitas sistem seluler

17Kapasitas trafik sistem FDMA, TDMA,

dan CDMA

18

Radio resource management dan

pengaruhnya terhadap unjuk kerja trafik:

algoritma handoff, call admission control,

dsb

10 19 RESPONSI #4

20

Standar GSM, GPRS,

dan karakteristik

utamanya

Arsitektur, protokol, kanal-kanal fisik dan

logika

11

Mgg Pertemuan Pokok Bahasan Sub Pokok Bahasan

11 21Standar CDMA2000 dan

karakteristik utamanya

Arsitektur, protokol, kanal-kanal fisik dan

logika

22Standar WCDMA dan

karakteristik utamanya

Arsitektur, protokol, kanal-kanal fisik dan

logika

12 23

Konsep dasar perencanaan , aspek-

aspek yang harus diperhatikan dalam

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

12 23

Perencanaan jaringan

seluler

perencanaan (demand trafik, propagasi,

standar)

24Konsep perencanaan dengan

konsiderasi trafik dan cakupan

13 25Aspek bisnis dalam perencanaan

26 RESPONSI # 5 Contoh kasus perencanaan

12

Mgg Pertemuan Pokok Bahasan Sub Pokok Bahasan

14 27 RESPONSI # 6 Responsi atau Quis

28 RESPONSI # 7 Responsi atau Quiz

UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER

Koordinator Mata Kuliah : www.ittelkom.ac.id/staf/ALY

IDENTITAS DOSEN

� Dr. Rina Pudji Astuti

� Telp 0817 204 373

• Kantor : Lab. Transtel, Ged E lantai 3

telp 7564108 ext 2326

• email : rpa@ittelkom.ac.id

13

• email : rpa@ittelkom.ac.id

� Homepage: www.ittelkom.ac.id/staf/RPA

Modul 1 - Siskomsel - Introduction

14 Wireless Communication

� Transmisi suara dan data menggunakan

gelombang elektromagnetik menuju ruang bebas

� Gelombang elektromagnetik � Kecepatan cahaya (c = 3x108 m/s)

� Memiliki frekuensi (f) dan panjang gelombang (λ)

� c = f x λ

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

� c = f x λ

� Penggunaan frekuensi lebih tinggi umumnya medium meredam lebih besar

15 Spektrum frekuensi

104 102 100 10-2 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 10-12 10-14 10-16

104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024

IR UV X-RaysCosmic

RaysRadio

SpectrumMicrowave

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

1MHz ==100m100MHz ==1m 10GHz ==1cm

< 30 KHz VLF30-300KHz LF 300KHz – 3MHz MF3 MHz – 30MHz HF 30MHz – 300MHz VHF300 MHz – 3GHz UHF3-30GHz SHF> 30 GHz EHF

Visible light

16 Contoh : panjang gelombang

� GSM : – Frekuensi ~= 900 Mhz

– Panjang gelombang ~= 33cm

� PCS– Frekuensi ~= 1.8 Ghz

– Panjang gelombang ~= 17.5 cm

� Bluetooth:

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

� Bluetooth:– Frekuensi ~= 2.4Gz

– Panjang gelombang ~= 12.5cm

Mobile Phone Evolution17

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

History (0)

� Stone Age

Initial communications were wireless:

� human voice (air pressure)

� visual messaging

• fires along chinese wall (3000 B.C.)

18

• fires along chinese wall (3000 B.C.)

• Indian smoke signalling

• Semaphores

� Electrical Era

1729 Stephen Gray: Electrostatic Telegrahp

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

History (0)

� Electrical Era

1729 Stephen Gray: Electrostatic Telegraph

1850 Telegraph lines across US (Morse code)

1851 Submarine cables in the English Channel

1876 Alexander Graham Bell: telephony

19

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

History (0)

Wireless Era

� 1890 Heinrich Rudolf Hertz: EM waves

� 1895 Guglielmo Marconi: RADIO

� 1906 Reginald Fessenden made the first long

range transmission of voice from Brant Rock, MA.

20

� 1921 Detroit Police Radio

� 1935 Armstrong: Frequency Modulation

� 1968 Cellular concept (Bell labs) / trunked

radio

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Pengkayaan Latar Belakang Sejarah Wireless � Perkembangan ilmu dalam bidang penjalaran gelombang elektromagnetik

serta pengiriman informasi

• Dimulai tahun 1867 James Clerk Maxwell : Penjalaran

gelombang EM pada ruang bebas udara.

• Tahun 1888 Heinrich Hertz : Percobaan radiasi energi

gelombang EM yang pertamakali

• Tahun 1892 Edouard Branly : Detektor radio yang pertamakali

History (0)

2/11/2010 21

• Tahun 1892 Edouard Branly : Detektor radio yang pertamakali

• Tahun 1895 Guglielmo Marconi pertamakali berhasil mencapai

komunikasi end to end wireless sejauh ¾ mil.

• Tahun 1901 manusia berhasil mengirimkan pesan trans atlantic

• Tahun 1906 Reginald Fessenden : Transmisi radio siaran yang

pertamakalinya

• Tahun 1933 Edwin Howard Armstrong menemukan FM (

Frequency Modulation )

• Perkembangan berlanjut dengan sistem yang makin kompleks

Hukum Faraday

∫∫ •−=• SdBdt

dLdE

rrrr

Hukum Ampere dan ArusPergeseran Maxwell ∫∫∫ •+•=• SdD

dt

dLdH

rrrrrrSdJ

Hukum Gauss QdVV =ρ=• ∫∫ SdDrr

Hukum Gauss 0=•∫ SdBrr

Konsep Wireless

History (0)

2/11/2010 22

Hukum Gauss 0=•∫ SdB

Adanya fenomena arus pergeseran (displacement current) yangdiketemukan Maxwell melalui analisis matematis menjelaskanketerkaitan antara medan listrik dan medan magnet. Keterkaitanitu adalah untuk medan berubah terhadap waktu.

Adanya medan listrik dan medan magnet yang saling berkaitankarena satu sebab itu menyebabkan transfer energi yangdijelaskan lebih lanjut oleh John Poynting (ingat vektor poynting)

History (1)

� Two-way radios (known as mobile rigs) were used

in vehicles such as taxicabs, police cruisers,

ambulances, and the like

� Mobile/portable two-way radios

� Early 1940s, Motorola developed a backpacked

two-way radio, the Walkie-Talkie /Handie-Talkie

23

two-way radio, the Walkie-Talkie /Handie-Talkie

� MTA (Mobile Telephone system A), Ericsson,

Sweden, 1956 (40 kg)

� MTB, an upgraded version with transistors, (9 kg)

,1965, used DTMF

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

History (2)

� In December 1947, Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae

Young, Bell Labs engineers, proposed hexagonal

cells for mobile phones.[1] Philip T. Porter, also of

Bell Labs, proposed that the cell towers be at the

corners of the hexagons rather than the centers

and have directional antennas that would

24

and have directional antennas that would

transmit/receive in 3 directions (see picture at

right) into 3 adjacent hexagon cells.[2] [3] The

technology did not exist then and the frequencies

had not yet been allocated. Cellular technology

was undeveloped until the 1960s, when Richard

H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs

developed the electronics.Modul 1 Pendahuluan

History (3)

� In December 1971, AT&T submitted a proposal for

cellular service to the Federal Communications

Commission (FCC).

� After years of hearings, the FCC approved the

proposal in 1982 for Advanced Mobile Phone

Service (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the

25

Service (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the

824-894 MHz band.[5]

� Analog AMPS was superseded by Digital AMPS in

1990.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

1G

� NET in Tokyo Japan in 1979.

� In 1981 the NMT system was launched in

Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The first

handheld mobile phone in the US market was the

Motorola_Dyna 8000X, which received approval in

1983. Cellular networks with multiple base stations

26

1983. Cellular networks with multiple base stations

and protocols for the automated "handover"

between two cells when a phone moved.

� Analog, car phone, Motorola portable/hand held

phone. These systems (NET, AMPS, TACS, C-

Net, and Radiocom 2000) later became known as

first generation (1G) mobile phones.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

2G

� In the 1990s, 'second generation' (2G) mobile

phone systems such as GSM, IS-136 ("TDMA"),

iDEN and IS-95 ("CDMA") began to be introduced.

In 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) opened

in Finland.

� Digital NB, TDMA/CDMA, advanced and fast

27

� Digital NB, TDMA/CDMA, advanced and fast

phone to network signaling, higher frequency (900

MHz). In America the IS-54 standard was

deployed in the same band as AMPS.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

3G

� NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G

network on October 1, 2001, using the WCDMA.

� In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology were launched

by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and

Monet in the USA.

28

Monet in the USA.

� In March the first European launches of 3G were

in Italy and the UK by the Three/Hutchison group,

on WCDMA.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Wireless Systems29

Degree of mobility

Drivin

g

GSMGPRS

Systemsbeyond 3G

>2010

UMTS

CDMA

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Sta

ndin

gW

alk

ing

User data rate10 Mbps

IEEE802.16a,d

1 100

HSDPA

IEEE802.16e

WLAN(IEEE 802.11x)

DECT

EDGE

FlashOFDM (802.20)

0.1

BlueTooth

EV-DOEV-DV

UMTS

30 Wireless StandardWireless Standard

WAN

IEEE 802.20

IEEE 802.16e

3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)

3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)

GSMA, OMA

SensorsIEEE 802.15.4

(Zigbee Alliance)

RFID

(AutoID Center)

IEE

E 8

02.1

8 8

02.1

9

RANIEEE 802.22

(BAN)

BAN: Body Area Network

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

IEEE 802.15.3

UWB, Bluetooth

Wi-Media,

BTSIG, MBOA

MAN

LAN

PAN ETSI

HiperPAN

IEEE 802.11

Wi-Fi Alliance

ETSI-BRAN

HiperLAN2

IEEE 802.16d

WiMAX

ETSI HiperMAN &

HIPERACCESS

IEEE 802.16e GSMA, OMA

IEE

E 8

02

.21

,IE

EE

802.1

8 8

02.1

9

31

Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission raterateraterateraterateraterate

TRmaxTRmaxTRmaxTRmaxTRmaxTRmaxTRmaxTRmax （ （（（（ （（（

1000

1000

100

1001

stG

ener

ati

on

An

alo

g v

oic

e

2n

dG

ener

ati

on

Dig

ita

l v

oic

e &

Lo

w r

ate

da

ta

3rd

Gen

era

tio

n

3G

+

4G

WL

AN

802.1

1a,H

iSW

AN

a,

HIP

ER

LA

N2,

etc

.

UW

B, etc

.

WL

AN

+

802.1

1n

, etc

.

WL

AN

++

Gen

erati

on

(Cel

lula

r)

4th

Gen

erati

on

AL

L-I

P B

road

ban

d

Ub

iqu

itou

s &

Sea

mle

ssV

oic

e &

Hig

h s

pee

d

da

ta

Mu

ltim

edia

WiM

AX

System Evolution Scenario

System Evolution Scenario

Mo

du

l 1 P

en

dah

ulu

an

Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission Maximum transmission

（ （（（（ （（（MbpsMbpsMbpsMbpsMbpsMbpsMbpsMbps ） ）））） ）））

Yea

rY

ear

10

10 11

0.1

0.1

0.0

10.0

12000

2000

2005

2005

2010

2010

2015

2015

～ ～～～1990

～ ～～～1990

2G

+

PD

C,G

SM

,PH

S, etc

.

2G

PD

C,G

SM

,PH

S, etc

.

3G

W-C

DM

A,

Cd

ma2000,

etc

.3G

+

HS

DP

A,

cd

ma2000(3

X),

etc

.

1995

1995

HIP

ER

LA

N2,

etc

.

Blu

eto

oth

, etc

.

Mob

ile

Lo

cal

No

ma

dic

32 Berbagai jenis Content & Aplikasi

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

33 Frequency Carrier/Kanal

– Informasi yang dikirim menuju receiver dilewatkan pada

band frekuensi tertentu.

� Disebut sebagai kanal (channel)

– Tiap kanal memiliki bandwidth yang tetap (dalam KHz)

dan kapasitas (bit-rate)

– Band frekuensi yang berbeda (atau kanal) dapat

digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara

paralel dan independen (konsep multiple access).

– Jml User=K > Jml Kanal=C � Traffic Egr

34 Example

– Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a base frequency b

for communication between stations A and B

– Assume each channel occupies 30KHz.

– There are 3 channels

– Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in one way)

– For full duplex communication:

� Use two different channels (front and reverse channels)

� Use time division in a channel

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

� Use time division in a channel

Channel 1 (b - b+30)

Channel 2 (b+30 - b+60)

Channel 3 (b+60 - b+90)

Station A Station B

35 Simplex Communication

� Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit only

in one way. � This is called simplex transmision

� To enable two-way communication (called full-

duplex communication)� We can use Frequency Division Duplex

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

� We can use Frequency Division Duplex

� We can use Time Division Duplex

What’s Frequency Division Time Division Time

Division and Time Division Multiplexing ???

36 Duplex Communication - FDD

� FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

Mobile

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Base StationB

Mobile Terminal

M

Forward Channel

Reverse Channel

Forward Channel = Down Link

and Reverse Channel = Up Link

use different frequency bands

37 Duplex Communication - TDD

� TDD: Time Division Duplex

Mobile

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Base StationB

Mobile Terminal

M

A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is divided into time

slots. Mobile station and base station transmits on the time slots

alternately.

M B M B M B

38Example - Frequency Spectrum Allocation in U.S. Cellular Radio Service

991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799

824-849 MHz 869-894 MHz

Reverse Channel Forward Channel

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz)

Reverse Channel 1 <=N <= 799

991 <= N <= 1023

Forward Channel 1 <=N <= 799

991 <= N <= 1023

0.030N + 825.0

0.030(N-1023) + 825.0

0.030N + 870.0

0.030(N-1023) + 870.0

(Channels 800-990 are unused)

Channel bandwidth is 45 MHz

39 What is Mobility

� Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static

� No change of location during a call/connection

� A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location

� Mobility and portability– Portability means changing point of attachment to the

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

– Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline

– Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online

40 Degrees of Mobility

� Walking Users� Low speed

� Small roaming area

� Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access

� Vehicles

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Vehicles � High speeds

� Large roaming area

� Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access

� Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones)

41 What is Mobility

� Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static

� No change of location during a call/connection

� A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location

� Mobility and portability– Portability means changing point of attachment to the

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

– Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline

– Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online

42 Degrees of Mobility

� Walking Users� Low speed

� Small roaming area

� Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access

� Vehicles

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Vehicles � High speeds

� Large roaming area

� Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access

� Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones)

43 The Need for Wireless/Mobile Networking

� Demand for Ubiquitous Computing

– Anywhere, anytime computing and communication

� You don’t have to go to the lab to check your email

– Pushing the computers more into background

� Focus on the task and life, not on the computer

� Use computers seamlessly to help you and to make your life

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Use computers seamlessly to help you and to make your life more easier.

– Computers should be location aware

� Adapt to the current location, discover services