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    MEKANIKA TEKNIK

    OLEH:

    AHMAD ROBIUL AWAL UDIN, ST., MT

    TEKNIK OTOMOTIF POLITEKNIK NEGERI JEMBER

    SEMESTER III, 2013/2014

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    Mechanics

    Rigid Bodies

    (Things that do not change shape)

    Deformable Bodies

    (Things that do change shape)Fluids

    Statics Dynamics Incompressible Compressible

    Apa itu Mekanika?

    Cabang ilmu fisika yang berbicara tentang

    keadaan diam atau geraknya benda-benda

    yang mengalami kerja atau aksi gaya

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    Bagaimana evaluasinya ?

    Tugas : 15 %

    Pemb. Alat Peraga + absensi : 25 %

    UTS : 30 % UAS : 30 %

    Tidak mento ler irsegala ben tuk kecurangan

    Tap i tetap bo lehcross check

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    KONSEP DASAR MEKANIKA TEKNIK

    Partikel

    Suatu jumlah benda yang sangat kecil (benda yang ukurannya mendekati nol)

    sehingga dapat dianalisa sebagai sebuah titik yang memiliki massa. Benda tegar / kaku

    Gabungan dari jumlah besar partikel yang membentuk suatu struktur tetap.

    Massa

    Kelembaman benda yang merupakan tahanan terhadap perubahan gerak.

    Gaya

    Suatu yang menjadi sebab perubahan dalam keadaan diam atau keadaan bergerak

    terhadap benda

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    Apa pentingnya mekanika teknik (statik)

    / keseimbangan ?

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    Apa perbedaan Partikel dan Benda

    Tegar/Kaku?

    Partikel:

    Mempunyai suatu

    massa namun

    ukurannya dapatdiabaikan, sehingga

    geometri benda tidak

    akan terlibat dalam

    analisis masalah

    Benda Tegar/Kaku:

    Kombinasi sejumlah

    partikel yang mana

    semua partikelberada pada suatu

    jarak tetap terhadap

    satu dengan yang lain

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    Contoh Partikel

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    Contoh Benda Tegar

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    Review Sistem Satuan

    Four fundamental physical quantities. Length, Time, Mass, Force.

    We will work with two unit systems in statics: SI & US Customary.

    Bagaimana konversi dari SI ke US atau sebaliknya ?

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    Hukum Newton

    1.Hukum Pertama: setiap benda akan memiliki kecepatan yang konstan kecuali

    ada gaya yang resultannya tidak nol bekerja pada benda tersebut. Berarti jika

    resultan gaya nol, maka pusat massa dari suatu benda tetap diam, atau bergerak

    dengan kecepatan konstan (tidak mengalami percepatan).

    2.Hukum Kedua: sebuah benda dengan massa M mengalami gaya resultan

    sebesar F akan mengalami percepatan (a) yang arahnya sama dengan arah

    gaya, dan besarnya berbanding lurus terhadap F dan berbanding terbalik

    terhadap M. atau F=Ma. Bisa juga diartikan resultan gaya yang bekerja pada

    suatu benda sama dengan turunan dari momentum linear benda tersebut

    terhadap waktu.

    3.Hukum Ketiga: gaya aksi dan reaksi dari dua benda memiliki besar yang sama,dengan arah terbalik, dan segaris. Artinya jika ada benda A yang memberi gaya

    sebesar F pada benda B, maka benda B akan memberi gaya sebesarF kepada

    benda A. F danF memiliki besar yang sama namun arahnya berbeda. Hukum ini

    juga terkenal sebagai hukum aksi-reaksi, dengan F disebut sebagai aksi dan F

    adalah reaksinya.

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    Apa yang harus dilakukan supaya

    Mekanika Teknik menjadi mudah ?

    Banyak dan ser ing menyelesaikan soal-soal

    Prosedur mengerjakan soal:

    1. Baca soal dengan cermat2. Buat free body diagram dan tabulasikan data soal

    3. Tuliskan prinsip dasar / persamaan yang relevan dengan

    soal

    4. Selesaikan persamaan sepraktis mungkin sehingga didapathasil yang signifikan dan jangan lupa disertai sistem satuan

    5. Pelajari jawaban dengan akal sehat, masuk akal atau tidak

    6. Jika ada waktu, coba pikirkan cara lain untuk menyelesaikan

    soal tersebut.

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    THE WHAT, WHY AND HOW OF A

    FREE BODY DIAGRAM (FBD)

    Free Body Diagrams are one of the most important things for

    you to know how to draw and use.

    What ?- It is a drawing that showsall external forces acting on the

    particle.

    Why ?- It helps you write the

    equations of equilibrium used to

    solve for the unknowns (usually

    forces or angles).

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    How ?

    1. Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut free from its

    surroundings.

    2. Show all the forces that act on the particle.

    Active forces: They want to move the particle.

    Reactive forces: They tend to resist the motion.

    3. Identify each force and show all known magnitudes

    and directions. Show all unknown magnitudes and /

    or directions as variables .

    FBD at A

    Note : Engine mass = 250 Kg

    A

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    PENJUMLAHAN VEKTORKonsep vektor digunakan untuk besaran-besaran dalam

    mekanika yang mempunyai besar dan arah. Adapun konsep

    skalar digunakan untuk besaran besaran dalam fisika yangmempuyai besar saja

    Vektor dapat digambarkan

    dengan sepenggal garis berarah, di mana panjang penggalan

    garis menyatakan besar vektor dan arah panah menyatakan arahvektor.

    Gambar di bawah menggambarkan vektor AB (AB ) dengan titik A

    sebagai titik tangkap vektor AB

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    Fundamental Principles

    The parallelogram law for the addition of forces: Two

    forces acting on a particle can be replaced by a single

    force, called resultant, obtained by drawing the diagonal

    of the parallelogram which has sides equal to the given

    forces

    f1

    f2

    f1+f2

    Parallelogram Law

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    Fundamental Principles (cont)

    The principle of transmissibility: A force acting at a pointof a rigid body can be replaced by a force of the the samemagnitude and same direction, but acting on at a different

    point on the line of action

    f1

    f2

    f1 and f2 are equivalent if theirmagnitudes are the same and the

    object is rigid.

    Principle of Transmissibility

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    APPLICATION OF VECTOR

    ADDITION

    There are four

    concurrent cable forces

    acting on the bracket.How do you determine

    the resultant force acting

    on the bracket ?

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    Penjumlahan Vektor

    Trapezoid rule for vector addition

    Triangle rule for vector addition

    B

    B

    C

    C

    QPR

    BPQQPR

    cos2222

    Law of cosines,

    Law of sines,

    P

    C

    QP

    B

    Q

    A sinsinsin

    Vector addition is commutative,

    PQQP

    Vector subtraction

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    Sample Problem

    The two forces act on a bolt at

    A. Determine their resultant.

    SOLUTION:

    Trigonometric solution - use the triangle

    rule for vector addition in conjunction

    with the law of cosines and law of sines

    to find the resultant.

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    Sample Problem (cont) Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.

    From the Law of Cosines,

    155cosN60N402N60N40

    cos2

    22

    222 BPQQPR

    A

    A

    R

    QBA

    R

    B

    Q

    A

    20

    04.15

    N73.97

    N60155sin

    sinsin

    sinsin

    N73.97R

    From the Law of Sines,

    04.35

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    ADDITION OF SEVERAL VECTORS

    Step 3 is to find the magnitude

    and angle of the resultant vector.

    Step 1 is to resolve each forceinto its components

    Step 2 is to add all the x

    components together and add all

    the y components together. Thesetwo totals become the resultant

    vector.

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    Example of this

    process,

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    You can also represent a 2-D vector with a

    magnitude and angle.

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    EXAMPLE

    Given: Three concurrent forces

    acting on a bracket.Find: The magnitude and

    angle of the resultant

    force.

    Plan:

    a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.

    b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.

    c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.

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    EXAMPLE (continued)

    F1= { 15 sin 40 i+ 15 cos 40j} kN

    = { 9.642 i+ 11.49j} kN

    F2= { -(12/13)26 i+ (5/13)26j} kN

    = { -24 i+ 10j} kN

    F3= { 36 cos 30 i36 sin 30j} kN

    = { 31.18 i18j} kN

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    EXAMPLE (continued)

    Summing up all the iandjcomponents respectively, we get,

    FR= { (9.64224 + 31.18) i+ (11.49 + 1018)j} kN

    = { 16.82 i+ 3.49j} kN

    x

    y

    FRFR= ((16.82)2 + (3.49)2)1/2 = 17.2 kN

    = tan-1(3.49/16.82) = 11.7

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    Sample Problem

    Four forces act on boltA as shown.Determine the resultant of the force

    on the bolt.

    SOLUTION:

    Resolve each force into rectangular

    components.

    Calculate the magnitude and direction

    of the resultant.

    Determine the components of the

    resultant by adding the corresponding

    force components.

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    Sample Problem (cont)SOLUTION:

    Resolve each force into rectangular components.

    1.4N1199

    N314tan

    .

    .

    R

    R

    x

    y

    Calculate the magnitude and direction.

    N6.199sin

    N3.14

    R

    1.4

    Determine the components of the resultant by

    adding the corresponding force components.

    1.199xR 3.14yR

    9.256.96100

    0.1100110

    2.754.2780

    0.759.129150

    4

    3

    2

    1

    F

    F

    F

    F

    compycompxmagforce

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    READING QUIZ

    1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body

    when ______ is / are applied to it.

    A) magnetic field B) heat C) forces

    D) neutrons E) lasers

    2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of todays

    engineering sciences.

    A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics

    C) Euclidean Mechanics C) Greek Mechanics

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    READING QUIZ

    3. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity?

    A) Force B) Position C) Mass D) Velocity

    4. For vector addition you have to use ______ law.

    A) Newtons Second

    B) the arithmetic

    C) Pascals

    D) the parallelogram

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    CONCEPT QUIZ

    5. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along two directions, whichare not at 90 to each other?

    A) Yes, but not uniquely.

    B) No.

    C) Yes, uniquely.

    6. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along three directions (sayat 0, 60, and 120)?

    A) Yes, but not uniquely.B) No.

    C) Yes, uniquely.

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    ATTENTION QUIZ

    7. Resolve Falong x and y axes and write it in

    vector form. F= { ___________ } N

    A) 80 cos (30) i - 80 sin (30)j

    B) 80 sin (30) i + 80 cos (30)j

    C) 80 sin (30) i - 80 cos (30)j

    D) 80 cos (30) i+ 80 sin (30)j

    8. Determine the magnitude of the resultant (F1+ F2)

    force in N when F1= { 10 i+ 20j} N and F2 =

    { 20 i+ 20j} N .

    A) 30 N B) 40 N C) 50 N

    D) 60 N E) 70 N

    30

    xy

    F = 80 N

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