LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

DISUSUN OLEH :

Nama : Dewi Purnamasari

NIM : 1101164

Kelompok : VI (Enam)

JURUSAN S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK & GAS BUMI

BALIKPAPAN

2013

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN RESMI

ANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran

Tahun Akademik 2011 / 2012

Program Studi S1. Teknik Perminyakan

Sekolah Tinggi Tekonologi Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan

Disusun Oleh,

Nama : Dewi Purnamasari

NIM : 1101164

Kelompok : VI (Enam)

Dengan hasil penilaian:

Balikpapan, 22 Mey 2013

Disetujui Oleh :

Dosen Pembimbing Praktikum Asisten Praktikum

(Ir. Yudi Aryono) (Randy Andhika)

ii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA FLUIDA RESERVOIR

NAMA : Dewi Purnamasari

NIM : 1101164

JURUSAN : S1 - TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

KELOMPOK : VI (Enam)

No. Tanggal Keterangan Paraf

1

2

iii

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji dan syukur tercurah atas segala nikmat yang telah dilimpahkan

oleh pemlik ilmu yang maha luas Allah SWT kepada penulis sehingga dapat

menyelesaikan laporan praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran, sebagai persyaratan

untuk memenuhi kurikulum Tahun Akademik 2011 / 2012 dalam menyelesaikan

Mata Kuliah Teknik Pemboran I di Jurusan S1 Teknik Perminyakan, STT Migas

Balikpapan.

Begitu banyak rasa terimakasih yang ingin penulis sampaikan kepada semua

pihak yang telah berperan dan membantu penulis dalam penyelesain laporan ini,

terutama kepada:

1. Bapak Drs. EC Sugiono, MM. selaku Ketua STT Migas Balikpapan

2. Mayda Waruni Kasrani, ST, MT selaku dosen pembimbing.

3. Ir. Yudi Aryono selaku dosen mata kuliah Teknik Pemboran I.

4. Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir kelompok 7 Maksum Bima

Ariesona yang telah meluangkan banyak waktunya dan memberikan banyak

masukkan/kritik yang membangun.

5. Bapak Asep Kosasih dan Ibu Ana Rahmayana selaku Orang tua dan

keluarga yang selalu mendukung dan memberikan semangat.

6. Arie Kustanty

7. Rekan-rekan angkatan S1 Teknik Perminyakan yang memberikan referensi.

8. Rekan-rekan kelompok 7 Praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran atas

kerjasamanya.

Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik demi kesempurnaan didalam laporan

ini. Semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi semua rekan-rekan yang membacanya.

Balikpapan, April 2012

Penyusun

iv

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................ii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM .........................................................iii

KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................iv

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................v

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................ix

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................xi

DAFTAR GRAFIK .........................................................................................xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................1

BAB II DENSITAS, SAND CONTENT, DAN PENGUKURAN

KADAR MINYAK PADA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

2.1. Tujuan Percobaan ..........................................................8

2.2. Teori dasar .....................................................................8

2.2.1. Densitas .............................................................8

2.2.2. Sand Content .....................................................12

2.2.3. Pengukuran Kadar Minyak ................................15

2.3. Alat dan Bahan ..............................................................16

2.3.1. Alat ....................................................................16

2.3.2. Bahan .................................................................16

2.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................19

2.4.1. Densitas Lumpur ...............................................19

2.4.2. Sand Content .....................................................20

2.4.3. Penentuan Kadar Cairan Tapisan ......................21

2.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ..............................................22

2.6. Pembahasan ...................................................................22

2.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum .....................................22

v

2.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ...............................................23

2.7. Kesimpulan ....................................................................26

BAB III PENGUKURAN VISKOSITAS DAN GEL STRENGTH

3.1. Tujuan Percobaan ..........................................................27

3.2. Teori Dasar ....................................................................27

3.2.1. Penentuan Harga Shear Stress dan

Shear Rate ..........................................................31

3.2.2. Penentuan Harga Viskositas Nyata

(Apparent Viscosity) ..........................................31

3.2.3. Penentuan Plastic Viscositas dan

Yield Point .........................................................31

3.2.4. Penentuan Harga Gel Strength ..........................32

3.3. Alat dan Bahan ..............................................................32

3.3.1. Alat ....................................................................32

3.3.2. Bahan .................................................................32

3.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................36

3.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ..............................................37

3.6. Pembahasan ...................................................................37

3.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum .....................................37

3.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ...............................................38

3.7. Kesimpulan ....................................................................39

BAB IV FILTRASI DAN MUD CAKE

4.1. Tujuan Percobaan ..........................................................40

4.2. Teori Dasar ....................................................................40

4.3. Alat dan Bahan ..............................................................43

4.3.1. Alat ....................................................................43

4.3.2. Bahan .................................................................43

4.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................45

4.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ..............................................46

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4.6. Pembahasan ...................................................................46

4.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum .....................................46

4.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ...............................................47

4.7. Kesimpulan ....................................................................48

BAB V ANALISA KIMIA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

5.1. Tujuan Percobaan ..........................................................49

5.2. Teori Dasar ....................................................................49

5.3. Alat dan Bahan ..............................................................51

5.3.1. Alat ....................................................................51

5.3.2. Bahan .................................................................51

5.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................54

5.4.1. Analisa Kimia Alkalinitas .................................54

5.4.2. Analisa Kesadahan Total ...................................56

5.4.3. Menentukan Kesadahan Mg+2 dan Ca+2 .............56

5.4.4. Menentukan Kandungan Chlorida .....................57

5.4.5. Menentukan Kandungan Ion Besi

(metode 1) ..........................................................57

5.4.6. Menentukan Kandungan Ion Besi

(metode 2) ..........................................................57

5.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ..............................................59

5.6. Pembahasan ...................................................................59

5.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum .....................................59

5.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ...............................................60

5.7. Kesimpulan ....................................................................62

BAB VI KONTAMINASI LUMPUR PEMBORAN

6.1. Tujuan Percobaan ..........................................................64

6.2. Teori Dasar ....................................................................64

6.3. Alat dan Bahan ..............................................................65

6.3.1. Alat ....................................................................65

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6.3.2. Bahan .................................................................66

6.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................70

6.4.1. Kontaminasi NaCl .............................................70

6.4.2. Kontaminasi Gypsum ........................................70

6.4.3. Kontaminasi Semen ...........................................71

6.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ..............................................71

6.6. Pembahasan ...................................................................72

6.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum .....................................72

6.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ...............................................75

6.7. Kesimpulan ....................................................................77

BAB VII PENGUKURAN HARGA MBT

7.1. Tujuan Percobaan ..........................................................78

7.2. Teori Dasar ....................................................................78

7.3. Alat dan Bahan ..............................................................80

7.3.1. Alat ....................................................................80

7.3.2. Bahan .................................................................80

7.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................85

7.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ..............................................86

7.6. Pembahasan ...................................................................86

7.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum .....................................86

7.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ...............................................86

7.7. Kesimpulan ....................................................................87

BAB VIII PEMBAHASAN UMUM ........................................................88

BAB IX KESIMPULAN UMUM ..........................................................91

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................93

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Shale Shaker ..............................................................................13

Gambar 2.2. Degasser ....................................................................................13

Gambar 2.3. Desander ....................................................................................14

Gambar 2.4. Cone Desilter .............................................................................15

Gambar 2.5. Mud Balance ..............................................................................16

Gambar 2.6. Retort Kit ...................................................................................17

Gambar 2.7. Multi Mixer ...............................................................................17

Gambar 2.8. Wetting Agent ...........................................................................17

Gambar 2.9. Sand Content Set .......................................................................18

Gambar 2.10. Gelas Ukur .................................................................................18

Gambar 2.11. Barite ........................................................................................18

Gambar 2.12. Bentonite ...................................................................................19

Gambar 2.13. Aquades .....................................................................................19

Gambar 3.1. Marsh Funnel .............................................................................33

Gambar 3.2. Timbangan .................................................................................33

Gambar 3.3. Gelas Ukur .................................................................................33

Gambar 3.4. Fan VG Meter ............................................................................34

Gambar 3.5. Mud Mixer .................................................................................34

Gambar 3.6. Cup Mud Funnel ........................................................................34

Gambar 3.7. Bentonite ...................................................................................35

Gambar 3.8. Aquades .....................................................................................35

Gambar 3.9. Thinner ......................................................................................35

Gambar 4.1. HPHT ........................................................................................41

Gambar 4.2. Filter Press .................................................................................43

Gambar 4.3. Mud Mixer .................................................................................43

Gambar 4.4. Stopwatch ..................................................................................44

Gambar 4.5. Gelas Ukur..................................................................................44

Gambar 4.6. Jangka Sorong ...........................................................................44

Gambar 4.7. Filter Paper ................................................................................45

ix

Gambar 5.1. Labu Titrasi ...............................................................................51

Gambar 5.2. Bauret Mikro .............................................................................42

Gambar 5.3. Pengaduk ...................................................................................42

Gambar 5.4. Pipet ........................................................................................42

Gambar 5.5. Ph Paper .....................................................................................53

Gambar 5.6. NaHCO3, NaOH, CaCO3, serbuk MgO, Kalium khromat,

Bentonite, Gypsum, Aquadest, Quebracho................................53

Gambar 5.7. Larutan H2SO4 0.02 N, larutan EDTA 0.01 M, larutan

AgNO3,larutan KmnO40.1 N......................................................53

Gambar 5.8. Indikator EBT, Phenolpthalein, Methyl Jingga, Murexid, HCL

konsentrat, hidrogen periode 3%, larutan indikator besi, larutan

buffer besi ..................................................................................54

Gambar 6.1. Fann VG ....................................................................................66

Gambar 6.2. Baroid Wall Building ................................................................66

Gambar 6.3. Tester Neraca .............................................................................67

Gambar 6.4. Ph Indicator ...............................................................................67

Gambar 6.5. Kompresor .................................................................................67

Gambar 6.6. Gelas Ukur .................................................................................68

Gambar 6.7. Mud Mixer .................................................................................68

Gambar 6.8. Stopwatch ..................................................................................68

Gambar 6.9. Titration Disk ............................................................................69

Gambar 6.10. Jangka Sorong ..........................................................................69

Gambar 6.11. Filter Trap ..................................................................................69

Gambar 7.1. Timbangan .................................................................................80

Gambar 7.2. Gelas Ukur .................................................................................81

Gambar 7.3. Gelas Erlenmeyer ......................................................................81

Gambar 7.4. Magnet Batang ..........................................................................81

Gambar 7.5. Hot Plate ....................................................................................82

Gambar 7.6. Multi Magnetiser .......................................................................82

Gambar 7.7. Pipet ........................................................................................82

Gambar 7.8. Buret Titration ..........................................................................83

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Gambar 7.9. Kertas Saring .............................................................................83

Gambar 7.10. Gelas Erlenmeyer ......................................................................83

Gambar 7.11. Bentonite ...................................................................................84

Gambar 7.12. Aquades .....................................................................................84

Gambar 7.13. H2SO4 ........................................................................................84

Gambar 7.14. Methylene Blue Test .................................................................85

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Data Densitas dan Sand Content Hasil Percobaan ....................22

Tabel 3.1. Hasil Perhitungan Viscositas dan Gel Strength .........................37

Tabel 4.1. Hasil Pengujian Filtrasi dan Mud Cake .....................................46

Tabel 5.1. Hasil Perhitungan Analisa Kimia Lumpur Bor .........................59

Tabel 6.1. Hasil Percobaan Kontaminasi Lumpur Pemboran ....................71

Tabel 6.2. Hasil Percobaan Kontaminasi Lumpur Pemboran ....................72

Tabel 7.1. Kapasitas Tukar Kation dan Beberapa Jenis Mineral Clay .......79

xii

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 6.1. Kontaminasi NaCl .....................................................................73

Grafik 6.2. Kontaminasi Gypsum ................................................................74

Grafik 6.3. Kontaminasi Semen ...................................................................74

xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

ACARA I DENSITAS, SAND CONTENT, DAN PENGUKURAN KADAR

MINYAK PADA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

ACARA II PENGUKURAN VISKOSITAS DAN GEL STRENGTH

ACARA III FILTRASI DAN MUD CAKE

ACARA IV ANALISA KIMIA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

ACARA V KONTAMINASI LUMPUR PEMBORAN

ACARA VI PENGUKURAN HARGA MBT

TUGAS PENDAHULUAN

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