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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLSQUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB

PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 2

PROVA 1Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas

Read the text and answer questions 31-33.

Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly ageingworkforce. Nearly one in three American workers will be over 50 by2012, and America is a young country compared with Japan andGermany. China is also ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy.This means that companies will have to learn how to manage olderworkers better.

Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a icker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was snuffed out by therecession. The management literature on older workers is a meremolehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting andretaining the young.

Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model for dealing withageing, which assumes that people should get pay rises andpromotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the burdens of this model by periodically downsizing older workers or encouragingthem to take early retirement. This has created a dual labour marketfor older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand andunemployed or retired outsiders on the other.

But this model cannot last. The number of young people, particularlythose with valuable science and engineering skills, is shrinking. Andgovernments are raising retirement ages and making it more dif cultfor companies to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to copewith their underfunded pension systems.

Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition [adapted]

PROVA

MTECargo: Auditor Fiscal do Trabalho Ano: 2010

Banco de provas


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31- According to the text, businessesa) are fully prepared to deal with an ancient workforce.

b) cannot cope with an inux of elderly workers.

c) are incapable of growing old gracefully.

d) must get rid of older workers through streamlining operations.

e) must learn to deal with the need to keep older staff employed.

32- In paragraph 2, the author claims that the recent economicrecession has

a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among youngerworkers.

b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business toincrease.

c) extinguished what little interest rms had shown in how to managean older staff.

d) made a mountain of business management out of amanagerial molehill.

e) led many rms to dismiss older workers in their periodic staff reductions.

33- The text suggests that the governments of industrializedcountries are

a) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of theirworkforce.

b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their expensivepensions.

c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the basis of age.


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d) making desperate attempts to cope with an inefcient labour

market.e) regretting their generosity to workers who have taken earlyretirement.


Minister calls for wider exible working rights

British government ministers are considering giving all employees theright to ask for exible working hours from the beginning of a new job as part of plans to encourage a fundamental shift in workinghabits.

The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her ofce isworking with employers and organisations such as the federation of small businesses to draw up new ways of supporting men as well aswomen and non-parents as well as parents working more exiblehours.

The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 andcarers, and Cooper wants to extend them. You want people to offerexible working from the beginning and we need to look again at howthe legislation can support different ways of doing that, she said.

There will be some areas where its not possible to t round particularschool hours or particular things where the nature of the businessmakes it hard but what you need is the cultural change foreverybody to think differently. Coopers proposals come as thegovernment announced that fathers will be given the right to sixmonths paternity leave.

There will be a legal right to take the mothers place at home for thelast three months of a nine-month maternity break; they wouldreceive 123 a week in statutory pay. Fathers would then be entitledto take a further three months unpaid leave. The move was criticisedby some business leaders.

(From: The Guardian, Friday 29 January 2010 -slightly adapted)


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34- According to the text, current British laws on working

timetables are designed mainly fora) women who work as secretaries for the government.b) parents of young children and teenagers, as well as care workers.

c) men who have been in their current jobs for some time.

d) women extending their maternity leave with unpaid work.

e) those who want a change in the cultural mentality of businesses.

35- With regard to paternity leave, the government has givenmen the right to

a) take six months paid leave as soon as their baby is born.

b) care for a baby if the mother returns to work within three months.

c) receive their full salary to look after the baby for three out of therst six months.

d) take a three-month break receiving payment when the baby is sixmonths old.

e) stay at home with the babys mother on unpaid leave for sixmonths.

36- The Work and Pensions Secretary

a) a has been personally attacked by company bosses who dislike herplans.

b) believes exible working hours are a drawback for many workers.

c) is seeking employers cooperation for new proposals on workinghours.

d) shows scant regard for the needs of parents wanting exibletimetables.

e) wants pensions to be paid to fathers who care for their neonateinfants.


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37- Ms Cooper hopes her new proposals will give more exibleworking hours

a) from the outset, to workers of both genders.

b) to fathers of babies, concurrently with mothers.

c) after six months, to those established in their jobs.

d) to senior staff who want to start a family.

e) to parents and youth workers up to the age of sixteen.


The International Labour Organization

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to advancing

opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productivework in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Itsmain aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decentemployment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthendialogue in handling work-related issues.

Origins and history

The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive war, topursue a vision based on the premise that universal, lasting peace canbe established only if it is based upon decent treatment of workingpeople. The ILO became the rst specialized agency of the UN in 1946.

ILOs vision of decent work

Work is central to peoples well-being. In addition to providing income,work can pave the way for broader social and economic advancement,strengthening individuals, their families and communities. Suchprogress, however, hinges on work that is decent. Decent work sumsup the aspirations of people in their working lives.


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Tripartism and social dialogueThe ILO is the only tripartite United Nations agency in that it bringstogether representatives of governments, employers and workers to

jointly shape policies and programmes. This unique arrangement givesthe ILO an edge in incorporating real world knowledge aboutemployment and work.

Source: http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/lang--en/index.htm

38- The International Labour Organization seeks to

a) encourage social equality at international level.

b) foster workers rights and good working practices.

c) stamp out protectionism and restrictive practices.

d) promote national wealth through higher productivity.

e) overturn protective practices in the workplace.

39- The founders of the ILO believed that

a) the people must wake up again after a damaging war.

b) decent social rights must be promoted by advanced countries.

c) individuals mercenary aims reinforce community life.d) good working conditions are essential to maintain world peace.

e) the ILO favours tripartite progress between men, women and theUN.


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40- The phrase gives the ILO an edge [paragraph 4 line 4]means

a) offers the ILO a shove.

b) cuts the ILO to the quick.

c) sends the ILO to the rearguard.

d) lumps the ILO together with.

e) provides the ILO with an advantage.


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PROVA 1: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS

Read the text and answer questions 31-33.Leia o texto e responda s questes 31-33.

Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly ageingworkforce. Nearly one in three American workers will be over 50 by

2012, and America is a young country compared with Japan andGermany. China is also ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy.This means that companies will have to learn how to manage olderworkers better.Empresas no mundo rico so confrontadas com um rpidoenvelhecimento da fora de trabalho. Quase um em trs trabalhadoresamericanos estar acima dos 50 at 2012, e os Estados Unidos um

pas jovem comparado ao Japo e Alemanha. A China tambm estenvelhecendo rapidamente, graas a sua poltica de um filho. Issosignifica que empresas tero que aprender como lidar melhor comtrabalhadores mais velhos.

Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a icker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was snuffed out by therecession. The management literature on older workers is a meremolehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting andretaining the young.

A maior parte das empresas so notavelmente mal preparadas. Haviauma fagulha de interesse no problema h alguns anos atrs, mas foi apagada pela recesso. A literatura de gesto sobre trabalhadoresmais velhos um mero montculo comparado com a montanhadedicada a recrutar e reter os jovens.Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model for dealing withageing, which assumes that people should get pay rises andpromotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the burdens of this model by periodically downsizing older workers or encouragingthem to take early retirement. This has created a dual labour marketfor older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand andunemployed or retired outsiders on the other.


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Companhias ainda esto presas a um antiquado modelo para lidar com

o envelhecimento, que pressupe que pessoas devem receber aumentos e promoes com base na idade. Eles lidaram com o fardodeste modelo por meio de peridico enxugamento de trabalhadoresmais velhos ou encorajando-os a se aposentar mais cedo. Isto criouum duplo mercado para trabalhadores mais velhos, dos mimados dedentro de um lado e dos desempregados ou aposentados de fora deoutro.

But this model cannot last. The number of young people, particularlythose with valuable science and engineering skills, is shrinking. Andgovernments are raising retirement ages and making it more difcultfor companies to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to copewith their underfunded pension systems.

Mas este modelo no pode durar. O nmero de pessoas jovens, particularmente aquelas com valiosas habilidades cientficas e deengenharia, est encolhendo. E governos esto aumentando a idadede aposentadoria e tornando mais difcil para empresas dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos, na tentativa desesperada de lidar com seusdeficitrios sistemas de penso.

Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition [adapted]

31- According to the text, businessesDe acordo com o texto, empresas

a) are fully prepared to deal with an ancient workforce.esto totalmente preparadas para lidar com a fora de trabalho idosa.

b) cannot cope with an inux of elderly workers.no conseguem lidar com um influxo de trabalhadores idosos.

c) are incapable of growing old gracefully.so incapazes de envelhecer graciosamente.d) must get rid of older workers through streamlining operations.devem se livrar de trabalhadores mais velhos atravs de operaes demodernizao.

e) must learn to deal with the need to keep older staff employed.devem aprender a lidar com a necessidade de manter funcionriosmais velhos empregados.


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Revejam os seguintes trechos:Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly ageingworkforce. (...). This means that companies will have to learn how tomanage older workers better.Empresas no mundo rico so confrontadas com um rpido envelhecimentoda fora de trabalho. (...) Isso significa que empresas tero que aprender como lidar melhor com trabalhadores mais velhos.

Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. A maior parte das empresas so notavelmente mal preparadas.

And governments are raising retirement ages and making it more difcultfor companies to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to cope withtheir underfunded pension systems.E governos esto aumentando a idade de aposentadoria e tornando maisdifcil para empresas dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos, na tentativadesesperada de lidar com seus deficitrios sistemas de penso.

Antes de comentarmos as alternativas, vamos aprenderpalavras e expresses fundamentais ao entendimento dasmesmas:

ancient ancio, antigoelderly idoso

old velhoolder mais velho

to grow old / to age envelhecer

Outro importante assunto a que devemos atentar o uso dosMODAIS (can e must) vistos hoje em nossa gramtica.Quadro-resumo em mos, guys! Lets start!

Letra A Errada. O texto nos diz Most companies areremarkably ill-prepared (A maior parte das empresas sonotavelmente mal preparadas) - o que o oposto de fullyprepared (totalmente preparadas) - no que diz respeito a lidar(to deal) com a fora de trabalho idosa (ancient workforce).

Letra B Errada. O texto no afirma que as empresas no


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conseguem lidar com tal influxo. Tanto lidam que possuemtrabalhadores idosos entrando e saindo de seu quadro depessoal. O que o autor nos indica que as empresas lidam malcom tais trabalhadores. Vocs poderiam ter achado essaalternativa correta. Ela realmente esbarra em pontos citados notexto. Contudo, a letra E indubitavelmente correta. Essacontm margem de erro. E na prova, caros alunos, muitasvezes precisamos marcar a mais correta.

Letra C Errada. O texto trata do envelhecimento (ageing) dafora de trabalho (workforce) e no das empresas (businesses).

Letra D Errada. Antes de mais nada, vamos entender osentido de um PHRASAL VERBbastante comum em provas: toget rid of

to get rid of livrar-se de

O texto afirma que a fora de trabalho est envelhecendo e que preciso aprender a lidar com isso. Tambm nos informa que onmero de trabalhadores jovens est encolhendo (shrinking),que o governo est aumentando a idade de aposentadoria(raising retirement ages) e tornando mais difcil para empresasdispensar trabalhadores mais velhos (making it more difcultfor companies to shed older workers) isso para lidar melhorcom os deficitrios sistemas de penso (underfunded pensionsystems). Assim, podemos entender que o texto fala daimportncia de manter (keep) trabalhadores mais velhos nomercado de trabalho e no da necessidade de livrar-se (get ridof) deles.

Letra E Correta. O texto nos indica que preciso aprender alidar (to deal) com a necessidade de manter funcionrios maisvelhos empregados (keep older staff employed) - conformeexplicado acima.


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32- In paragraph 2, the author claims that the recent economicrecession hasNo pargrafo 2, o autor alega que a recente recesso econmica

a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among youngerworkers.despertou um interesse em cincia e engenharia entre jovenstrabalhadores.

b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business toincrease.causou o aumento do nmero de jovens procurando empregos emempresas.

c) extinguished what little interest rms had shown in how tomanage an older staff.extinguiu o pequeno interesse que as firmas haviam mostrado emcomo lidar com os funcionrios mais velhos.

d) made a mountain of business management out of a managerialmolehill.

fez uma montanha de gesto empresarial a partir de um montculo degesto.

e) led many rms to dismiss older workers in their periodic staff reductions.levou muitas empresas a dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos em suasredues peridicas de pessoal.

Vejamos o que nos diz o pargrafo 2:

Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a icker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was snuffed out bythe recession. The management literature on older workers is a meremolehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting and retainingthe young.

A maior parte das empresas so notavelmente mal preparadas. Haviauma fagulha de interesse no problema h alguns anos atrs, masfoi apagada pela recesso. A literatura de gesto sobre trabalhadoresmais velhos um mero montculo comparado com a montanha dedicada arecrutar e reter os jovens.


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Temos neste pargrafo um PHRASAL VERBimportante para oentendimento do trecho:

to snuff out apagar, extinguir

Vamos entender o encadeamento das ideias:

icker of interest recession icker of interest snuffedoutfagulha de interesse recesso fagulha de interesseextinta

= =little interest little interestextinguished

pequeno interesse pequeno interesse extinto

Letra C.

As letras A e B fogem ao que foi dito no texto.

Talvez vocs tenham tido dvidas nas letras D e E.

A D est errada pois o trecho em que o autor compara molehill(montinho) e mountain (montanha) trata do volume deliteratura de gesto de funcionrios mais velhos (older workers)e no sobre a gesto empresarial em si. Ademais, o assuntonada tem a ver com a crise financeira. Notem ainda o uso daestratgia de repetir palavras do texto para confundir ocandidato ( molehill e mountain ), levando-o a crer que se tratada alternativa correta. Lembra que conversamos sobre isso?

J a letra E est errada uma vez que o texto nos aponta que o enxugamento peridico de trabalhadores mais velhos(periodically downsizing older workers) fruto do antiquadomodelo de conceder promoes e aumentos com base na idade(pay rises and promotions on the basis of age) o que gera umfardo (burden) para empresas. fato que recesso gerademisso. Contudo, no caso de demisso de trabalhadoresmais velhos, a causa apontada no a recesso e sim o pesogerado pelo antigo sistema de concesso de aumentos (rises) epromoes (promotions).


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33- The text suggests that the governments of industrializedcountries areO texto sugere que os governos dos pases industrializados esto

a) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of theirworkforce.tentando impedir que empresas demitam membros mais velhos de suafora de trabalho.

b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their expensivepensions.recusando-se a empregar trabalhadores mais jovens por causa de suascaras penses.

c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the basis of age.cortando as aposentadorias de valiosos empregados com base naidade.

d) making desperate attempts to cope with an inefcient labourmarket.

fazendo desesperadas tentativas de lidar com o ineficiente mercado demo-de-obra.

e) regretting their generosity to workers who have taken earlyretirement.arrependendo-se de sua generosidade com empregados que seaposentaram cedo.

Observem o que o autor nos fala sobre os governos:

And governments are raising retirement ages and making it more difcultfor companies to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to cope withtheir underfunded pension systems.E governos esto aumentando a idade de aposentadoria e tornando maisdifcil para empresas dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos, na tentativadesesperada de lidar com seus deficitrios sistemas de penso.

Letra A Correta. Dizer que os governos esto aumentando aidade de aposentadoria (raising retirement ages) e tornandomais difcil para empresas dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos


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(making it more difcult for companies to shed older workers) o mesmo que afirmar que os governos esto tentando impedir(trying to stop) que empresas demitam (dismiss) membrosmais velhos de sua fora de trabalho (older members of theirworkforce).

Letra B Errada. Quem tem caras penses (expensivepensions) so os trabalhadores mais velhos e no os maisnovos (younger workers).

Letra C Errada. O que feito com base na idade (on thebasis of age) a concesso de aumentos (rises) e promoes(promotions).

Letra D Errada. As tentativas desesperadas (desperateattempts) tratadas no texto so para lidar com deficitriossistemas de penso (underfunded pension systems) e no como ineficiente mercado de mo-de-obra (inefcient labourmarket).

Letra E Errada. A concesso de aposentadoria antecipada(early retirement) incentivada pelas empresas e no pelogoverno. Alm disso, tal incentivo pelas empresas no um atode generosidade (generosity), mas sim mera proteo de seusinteresses financeiros.


Minister calls for wider exible working rightsMinistro clama por direitos trabalhistas de flexibilidade mais amplos

British government ministers are considering giving all employees theright to ask for exible working hours from the beginning of a new

job as part of plans to encourage a fundamental shift in workinghabits.Ministros do governo britnico esto considerando dar a todos osempregados o direito de pedir por horrios flexveis de trabalho desde


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o incio de um novo trabalho como parte dos planos para encorajar

uma mudana fundamental nos hbitos de trabalho.The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her ofce isworking with employers and organisations such as the federation of small businesses to draw up new ways of supporting men as well aswomen and non-parents as well as parents working more exiblehours.

A Secretria de Trabalho e Penses, Yvette Cooper, diz que seugabinete est trabalhando com empregadores e organizaes taiscomo a federao de pequenas empresas para delinear novasmaneiras de apoiar homens bem como mulheres e pessoas sem filhostanto como as com filhos para que trabalhem em horrios maisflexveis.

The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 andcarers, and Cooper wants to extend them. You want people to offerexible working from the beginning and we need to look again at howthe legislation can support different ways of doing that, she said.

As atuais regras so limitadas a pais de crianas de menos de 16 anose cuidadores, e Cooper quer estend-las. Voc quer que as pessoasofeream horrios flexveis de trabalho desde o incio e ns precisamosrever como a legislao pode apoiar diferentes maneiras de fazer isso, disse ela.

There will be some areas where its not possible to t round particularschool hours or particular things where the nature of the businessmakes it hard but what you need is the cultural change foreverybody to think differently. Coopers proposals come as thegovernment announced that fathers will be given the right to sixmonths paternity leave.Haver algumas reas onde no ser possvel fazer caber certos

horrios escolares ou certas coisas onde a natureza do negcio torneisso difcil mas o que voc precisa de uma mudana cultural paraque todos pensem diferente. As propostas de Cooper vm enquanto ogoverno anunciou que aos pais ser dado o direito de 6 meses delicena-paternidade.

There will be a legal right to take the mothers place at home for thelast three months of a nine-month maternity break; they wouldreceive 123 a week in statutory pay. Fathers would then be entitled


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to take a further three months unpaid leave. The move was criticised

by some business leaders.Haver um direito legal de tomar o lugar da me em casa pelosltimos trs meses da licena-maternidade de nove meses, elesreceberiam 123 por semana em pagamento legal. Pais seriam entoautorizados a tirar mais trs meses de licena no remunerada. Omovimento foi criticado por alguns lderes de negcios.

(From: The Guardian, Friday 29 January 2010 -slightly adapted)

34- According to the text, current British laws on workingtimetables are designed mainly forDe acordo com o texto, as atuais leis britnicas de horrios de trabalhoso criadas principalmente para

a) women who work as secretaries for the government.Mulheres que trabalham como secretrias para o governo.

b) parents of young children and teenagers, as well as careworkers.

Pais de crianas pequenas e adolescentes, bem como de cuidadores.c) men who have been in their current jobs for some time.Homens que esto nos seus atuais empregos h algum tempo.

d) women extending their maternity leave with unpaid work.Mulheres que esto estendendo suas licenas-maternidade comtrabalho no remunerado.

e) those who want a change in the cultural mentality of businesses. Aqueles que querem uma mudana na mentalidade cultural dosnegcios.


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Vamos relembrar o trecho que trata das atuais leis britnicas:

The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 and carers,and Cooper wants to extend them.

As atuais regras so limitadas a pais de crianas de menos de 16 anos ecuidadores, e Cooper quer estend-las.

rules = lawsregras = leis

parents of children under 16 = parents of young children and teenagers pais de crianas de menos de 16 anos = pais de crianas pequenas e adolescentes

carers = care workerscuidadores = cuidadores

Assim:

current British laws on working timetables are designed mainly for parentsof young children and teenagers, as well as care workers.

atuais leis britnicas de horrios de trabalho so criadas principalmente para paisde crianas pequenas e adolescentes, bem como de cuidadores.

=The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 and carers

As atuais regras so limitadas a pais de crianas de menos de 16 anos ecuidadores...

Letra B.

35- With regard to paternity leave, the government has givenmen the right toNo que diz respeito licena-paternidade, o governo deu aos homenso direito de

a) take six months paid leave as soon as their baby is born.tirar uma licena remunerada de seis meses assim que o beb delesnascer.b) care for a baby if the mother returns to work within three months.cuidar do beb se a me deles retornar ao trabalho dentro de trsmeses.

c) receive their full salary to look after the baby for three out of therst six months.receber o salrio deles integralmente para cuidar do beb por trs dosseis primeiros meses.


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d) take a three-month break receiving payment when the babyis six months old.tirar uma folga de trs meses recebendo pagamento quando o bebestiver com seis meses.

e) stay at home with the babys mother on unpaid leave for sixmonths.ficar em casa com a me do beb em uma licena no remunerada por seis meses.

Vejam o que dito sobre paternity leave (licena-paternidade):

Coopers proposals come as the government announced that fathers willbe given the right to six months paternity leave.

As propostas de Cooper vm enquanto o governo anunciou que aos paisser dado o direito de 6 meses de licena-paternidade.

There will be a legal right to take the mothers place at home for the lastthree months of a nine-month maternity break; they would receive 123a week in statutory pay. Fathers would then be entitled to take a furtherthree months unpaid leave. The move was criticised by some business

leaders.Haver um direito legal de tomar o lugar da me em casa pelos ltimostrs meses da licena-maternidade de nove meses, eles receberiam 123

por semana em pagamento legal. Pais seriam ento autorizados a tirar mais trs meses de licena no remunerada. O movimento foi criticado

por alguns lderes de negcios.

Sigam o raciocnio:six months paternity leave

licena-paternidade de 6 meses=

legal right to take the mothers place at home for the last threemonths of a nine-month maternity breakdireito legal de tomar o lugar da me em casa pelos ltimos trs meses da

licena-maternidade de nove mesesou seja, quando o beb estiver com 6 meses

+

a further three months unpaid leavemais trs meses de licena no remunerada


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Me:0 a 3 meses 3 a 6 meses 6 a 9 meses--------------- ------------------ ------------------

me me me

Me e pai:

REMUNERADA NO REMUNERADA

0 a 3 meses 3 a 6 meses 6 a 9 meses 9 a 12 meses--------------- ------------------ ------------------ ----------------

me me pai pai

Letra A Errada. A assertiva contm 2 erros. O primeiro que a licena (leave) s remunerada (paid) nos primeiros 3meses. O segundo que o pai s pode iniciar a licena aos 6meses do beb e no logo que ele nasce (as soon as theirbaby is born).

Letra B Errada. A me pode retornar ao trabalho 3 meses

antes de acabar o tempo da licena-maternidade (maternityleave), ou seja, aos 6 meses de licena. O pai pode iniciar sualicena nesta data.

Letra C Errada. Eles no recebem o salrio integral (fullsalary) pelos primeiros 3 meses de licena e sim apenas 123euros por semana.

Letra D Correta. Vide explicao acima.

Letra E Errada. Vejam acima que a licena-maternidade(maternity leave) no coincide com a durao da licena-paternidade.


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36- The Work and Pensions Secretary A Secretria de Trabalho e Penses

a) has been personally attacked by company bosses who dislike herplans.tem sido pessoalmente atacada pelos chefes da empresa que nogostam dos planos dela.

b) believes exible working hours are a drawback for many workers.acredita que horrio de trabalho flexvel uma desvantagem paramuitos trabalhadores.

c) is seeking employers cooperation for new proposals onworking hours.est buscando a cooperao dos empregadores para novas propostassobre horrio de trabalho.

d) shows scant regard for the needs of parents wanting exibletimetables.mostra pouca considerao pelas necessidades dos pais que queremhorrios flexveis.

e) wants pensions to be paid to fathers who care for their neonateinfants.quer que penses sejam pagas aos pais que cuidam de seus bebsrecm-nascidos.

The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her ofce isworking with employers and organisations such as the federation of smallbusinesses to draw up new ways of supporting men as well as women andnon-parents as well as parents working more exible hours.

A Secretria de Trabalho e Penses, Yvette Cooper, diz que seu gabineteest trabalhando com empregadores e organizaes tais como a federaode pequenas empresas para criar novas maneiras de apoiar homens bemcomo mulheres e pessoas sem filhos tanto como as com filhos para quetrabalhem em horrios mais flexveis.

Com base no trecho acima, podemos entender que aSecretria est trabalhando com (working with) empregadorese organizaes para delinear (draw up) horrios de trabalhomais flexveis (exible hours). Logo, ela est buscando acooperao dos empregadores (is seeking employers cooperation) para novas propostas sobre horrio de trabalho


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(working hours).

Letra C.

A letra A est errada pois o texto no diz que a Secretria estsendo pessoalmente atacada (personally attacked) por chefesdas empresas.

As letras B e D esto erradas pois horrio de trabalho flexvelmostra preocupao (e no scant regard) com ostrabalhadores, sendo assim algo bom e no uma desvantagem(drawback).

J a letra E est errada pois as propostas de Yvette Cooper notratam de licena-paternidade (paternity leave) e sim daimplantao de horrios de trabalho mais flexveis para todosos trabalhadores.

37- Ms Cooper hopes her new proposals will give more exibleworking hours

A senhorita Cooper espera que suas novas propostas concedamhorrio de trabalho mais flexvel

a) from the outset, to workers of both genders.desde o incio, para trabalhadores de ambos os sexos.

b) to fathers of babies, concurrently with mothers. para os pais de bebs, concomitantemente com as mes.

c) after six months, to those established in their jobs.depois de seis meses, queles estabelecidos em seus empregos.

d) to senior staff who want to start a family. para o pessoal mais antigo que quer comear uma famlia.

e) to parents and youth workers up to the age of sixteen. para pais e jovens trabalhadores at a idade de 16.


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Vamos relembrar quem ser beneficiado pelas propostas(proposals) da Ms Cooper e a partir de quando:

The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her ofce isworking with employers and organisations such as the federation of smallbusinesses to draw up new ways of supporting men as well as womenand non-parents as well as parents working more exible hours.

A Secretria de Trabalho e Penses, Yvette Cooper, diz que seu gabineteest trabalhando com empregadores e organizaes tais como a federaode pequenas empresas para delinear novas maneiras de apoiar homensbem como mulheres e pessoas sem filhos tanto como as com filhos

para que trabalhem em horrios mais flexveis.

The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 and carers,and Cooper wants to extend them. You want people to offer exibleworking from the beginning and we need to look again at how thelegislation can support different ways of doing that, she said.

As atuais regras so limitadas a pais de crianas de menos de 16 anos ecuidadores, e Cooper quer estend-las. Voc quer que as pessoasofeream horrios flexveis de trabalho desde o incio e ns precisamosrever como a legislao pode apoiar diferentes maneiras de fazer isso, disse ela.

Atentem para os sinnimos:

men as well as women = both gendershomens bem como mulheres = ambos os sexos

from the beginning = from the outsetdesde o incio = desde o incio

Letra A.


The International Labour Organization A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to advancingopportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productivework in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Its


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main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent

employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthendialogue in handling work-related issues. A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) dedicada a promover oportunidades para mulheres e homens de obter trabalho decente e

produtivo em condies de liberdade, equidade, segurana e dignidadehumana. Seus objetivos principais so promover direitos no trabalho,encorajar oportunidades de trabalho decentes, melhorar a proteosocial e fortalecer o dilogo sobre como lidar com assuntos referentesao trabalho.

Origins and historyOrigens e histria

The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive war, topursue a vision based on the premise that universal, lasting peace canbe established only if it is based upon decent treatment of workingpeople. The ILO became the rst specialized agency of the UN in 1946.

A OIT foi fundada em 1919, na esteira de uma destrutiva guerra, para perseguir uma viso baseada na premissa de que a paz universal eduradoura pode ser estabelecida apenas se ela for baseada no decentetratamento dos trabalhadores. A OIT tornou-se a primeira agnciaespecializada das Naes Unidas em 1946.

ILOs vision of decent work A viso da OIT sobre trabalho decente

Work is central to peoples well-being. In addition to providing income,work can pave the way for broader social and economic advancement,strengthening individuals, their families and communities. Suchprogress, however, hinges on work that is decent. Decent work sumsup the aspirations of people in their working lives.O trabalho central para o bem-estar das pessoas. Alm de prover renda, o trabalho pode pavimentar o caminho para um avano social eeconmico mais amplo, fortalecendo indivduos, suas famlias ecomunidades. Tal progresso, entretanto, depende de um trabalho que decente. O trabalho decente resume as aspiraes das pessoas emsuas vidas profissionais.

Tripartism and social dialogueTripartismo e dilogo social


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The ILO is the only tripartite United Nations agency in that it bringstogether representatives of governments, employers and workers to jointly shape policies and programmes. This unique arrangement givesthe ILO an edge in incorporating real world knowledge aboutemployment and work.

A OIT a nica agncia tripartite das Naes Unidas j que renerepresentantes dos governos, empregadores e trabalhadores paraconjuntamente delinearem polticas e programas. Este peculiar arranjod OIT uma vantagem em incorporar o conhecimento do mundoreal sobre emprego e trabalho.

Source: http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/lang--en/index.htm

38- The International Labour Organization seeks to A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho busca

a) encourage social equality at international level.encorajar a igualdade social a nvel internacional.

b) foster workers rights and good working practices.

promover direitos dos trabalhadores e boas prticas de trabalho.c) stamp out protectionism and restrictive practices.acabar com o protecionismo e com as prticas restritivas.

d) promote national wealth through higher productivity. promover a riqueza nacional por meio de produtividade mais alta.

e) overturn protective practices in the workplace.derrubar as prticas de proteo no local de trabalho.


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The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to advancingopportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work inconditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Its main aimsare to promote rights at work, encourage decent employmentopportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue inhandling work-related issues.

A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) dedicada a promover oportunidades para mulheres e homens de obter trabalho decente e

produtivo em condies de liberdade, equidade, segurana e dignidadehumana. Seus objetivos principais so promover direitos no trabalho,encorajar oportunidades de trabalho decentes, melhorar a proteo social e fortalecer o dilogo sobre como lidar com assuntos referentes ao

trabalho.

Dizer a que a OIT dedicada, devotada (devoted to) e tratar deseus principais objetivos (main aims) o mesmo que dizer oque ela busca (seeks).

As alternativas C, D e E no constam no texto. Contudo, vocspoderiam ter tido dvidas na entre as letras A e B.

A letra A incorreta visto que o foco da OIT o trabalho e no

a igualdade social. O autor cita equidade (equity) no texto, masele se refere s condies de trabalho e no sociedade demodo geral.

Assim, Letra B nossa resposta.

Em tempo: ateno do PHRASAL VERBque aparece na letraC:

to stamp out acabar, aniquilar, erradicar

39- The founders of the ILO believed thatOs fundadores da OIT acreditavam que

a) the people must wake up again after a damaging war.as pessoas precisam acordar novamente depois de uma danosaguerra.


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b) decent social rights must be promoted by advanced countries.

direitos sociais decentes devem ser promovidos por pases avanados.c) individuals mercenary aims reinforce community life.objetivos individuais mercenrios reforam a vida comunitria.

d) good working conditions are essential to maintain worldpeace.boas condies de trabalho so essenciais para manter a paz mundial.

e) the ILO favours tripartite progress between men, women and theUN.a OIT favorece o progresso tripartite entre homens, mulheres e asNaes Unidas.

Relembrem:The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive war, to pursue avision based on the premise that universal, lasting peace can beestablished only if it is based upon decent treatment of workingpeople . The ILO became the rst specialized agency of the UN in 1946.

A OIT foi fundada em 1919, na esteira de uma destrutiva guerra, para perseguir uma viso baseada na premissa de que a paz universal eduradoura pode ser estabelecida apenas se ela for baseada nodecente tratamento dos trabalhadores . A OIT tornou-se a primeiraagncia especializada das Naes Unidas em 1946.

good working conditions are essential to maintain world peaceboas condies de trabalho so essenciais para manter a paz mundial.

=universal, lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon

decent treatment of working people paz universal e duradoura pode ser estabelecida apenas se ela for baseada no

decente tratamento dos trabalhadores.

Letra D.


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40- The phrase gives the ILO an edge [paragraph 4 line 4]means A frase "d OIT uma vantagem" [pargrafo 4 linha 4] significa

a) offers the ILO a shove.oferece OIT um empurro.

b) cuts the ILO to the quick.ofende gravemente a OIT.

c) sends the ILO to the rearguard.

manda a OIT para a retaguarda.d) lumps the ILO together with.aglutina a OIT

e) provides the ILO with an advantage. prov a OIT com uma vantagem.

Nesta questo o examinador explora o conhecimento devocabulrio e - principalmente - de expresses idiomticas, acomear pela frase do enunciado. Vamos aprend-las:

to offer a shove dar um empurro, impulsionarto give an edge dar uma vantagem

cut (someone) to the quick ferir profundamente os sentimentosde algum, ofender gravemente

to lump together combinar vrios itens e trat-loscomo uma unidade, aglutinar

Sendo assim:

gives the ILO an edge = provides the ILO with an advantaged OIT uma vantagem prov a OIT com uma vantagem

Letra E.


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PROVA 2Sugiro que imprimam as provas e criem o banco de provas

Banco de provasPROVA

CVMCargo: AnalistaBanca: ESAFAno: 2010

Read the text below entitled A Latin American decade? in order toanswer questions 11 to 13:

A Latin American decade?

Source: www.economist.com (Adapted) Sep 9th, 2010

Summit meetings involving Latin Americas presidents are so frequentthese days that Mexicos Mr Caldern has likened diplomacy in theregion to a mountain range. Yet for all the talk of regional integration,political Latin America looks more divided than ever. Mr Chvez likesto threaten war against Colombia, which in turn accuses him of harbouring its FARC guerrillas. Sub-regional trade groups such asMercosur and the Andean Community, which made progress in the1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart.

Yet while politicians bicker, corporate Latin America is quietly movingcloser together. A growing army of multilatinas have expanded abroad.Some, like Embraer or Bimbo, have become global multinationals.Many others, including Chilean retailers and Brazilian banks andconstruction rms, have expanded within Latin America. SomeMexican rms, led by Amrica Mvil, a telecoms giant, are moving intoBrazil. Until recently such rms tended to list their shares in New York,but now a Latin American capital market is poised to emerge. In threeto ve years there will be a seamless network of Latin American stockexchanges, including Mexicos, reckons Mr Oliveira of BRAIN Brasil.


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The market-oriented reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, combined with a

few years of commodity-driven prosperity, are transforming LatinAmerican business.

11- According to paragraph 1, Mercosur and the AndeanCommunity

a) have created a fairer trade.

b) brought about political divisions.

c) did not prosper in the 1990s.

d) have consolidated the regions trade.

e) have not evolved.

12- According to paragraph 2, a Latin American capital marketis

a) prevented from emerging.

b) not likely to expand.c) an unattainable goal.

d) about to come out.

e) unlikely to sustain itself.

13- According to the text, there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges, which means this networkwill

a) probably be discontinued.

b) be continuing very smoothly.

c) no longer be sustainable.

d) soon be devised.

e) not be broad and stable.


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Read the text below entitled Beyond Lula in order to answerquestions 14 to 16:

Beyond Lula

Source: Newsweek (Adapted) Oct 11th, 2010

With the economy booming, poverty falling, and an avid new middleclass hitting the supermarkets and malls, Brazil is in a sweet spot.Once a pushover for nancial turmoil, Brazil survived the GreatRecession largely unscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10

percent in the rst six months of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7percent by years end). With new offshore discoveries boosting itsestimated oil reserves to at least 9 billion barrels and possibly muchmore- the national oil giant, Petrobras, raised $67billion in lateSeptember, the biggest public-share offering in global nancial history.Ofcials are gussying up the country for the 2014 World Cup and the2016 Olympic Games, and arguing over what to do with all the cashand glory that such international showcases bring.

14- The text refers to Brazils economy as booming, whichmeans it is experiencing a period of economic

a) malaise.

b) slowdown.

c) success.

d) mismanagement.

e) distress.


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15- According to the text, Brazils growth pace is likely toa) decrease.

b) reach 10%.

c) exceed 10%.

d) remain steady.

e) gather.

16- The text highlights Petrobras public-share offering which

a) was expected to reach $67 billion.

b) might raise $67 billion.

c) could have raised $67 billion.

d) ought to have taken place.e) took place in late September.

Read the text below entitled 10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online in order to answer questions 17 to 20:

10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy OnlineSource: www.newsweek.com (Adapted) Oct, 22nd 2010

Up to a couple of years ago, I used to say that the average personcould protect his or her privacy on the Web. Even as the founder of anonline reputation-management company, I believed it was possible so long as you were willing to commit some time doing it. Today, I tellpeople this: the landscape of personal data mining and exploitation isshifting faster than ever; trying to protect your online privacy is like


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trying to build your own antivirus software really, really difcult. But

whether or not you have the time (or money) to invest in the pros,there are a few simple steps we can all take to reduce the risk to ourprivate data.

1. Do not put your full birth date on your social-networking proles.

Identity thieves use birth dates as cornerstones of their craft. If youwant your friends to know your birthday, try just the month and day,and leave out the year.

2. Use multiple usernames and passwords.Keep your usernames and passwords for social networks, onlinebanking, e-mail, and online shopping all separate. Having distinctpasswords is not enough nowadays: if you have the same usernameacross different Web sites, your entire life can be mapped and re-created with simple algorithms.

3. Shred.

If you are going to throw away credit-card offers, bank statements, oranything else that might come in hard copy to your house, rip them upinto tiny bits rst.

17- According to the author, the year of your birthday must be

a) omitted.

b) pointed out.

c) lled in.

d) shifted.

e) written down.


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18- According to the author, reducing the risk to our privatedata is

a) not sensible.

b) unworthy.

c) impossible.

d) possible.

e) not advisable.

19-According to the author, usernames and passwords

a) should be complementary.

b) must be multiple.

c) have to be similar.

d) ought to be jumbled.

e) could be multiple.

20- According to the author, when throwing away credit cardoffers or bank statements, one should

a) inform the bank in advance.

b) store a copy of both documents.

c) tear them into thin pieces.

d) delete the identication number rst.

e) not cut any of these documents.


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PROVA 2: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS

Read the text below entitled A Latin American decade? in order toanswer questions 11 to 13:Leia o texto abaixo intitulado Uma dcada Latino-Americana? pararesponder s questes 11 a 13:

A Latin American decade?Uma dcada Latino-Americana?

Source: www.economist.com (Adapted) Sep 9th, 2010

Summit meetings involving Latin Americas presidents are so frequentthese days that Mexicos Mr Caldern has likened diplomacy in theregion to a mountain range. Yet for all the talk of regional integration,political Latin America looks more divided than ever. Mr Chvez likesto threaten war against Colombia, which in turn accuses him of harbouring its FARC guerrillas. Sub-regional trade groups such asMercosur and the Andean Community, which made progress in the1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart.Reunies de cpula envolvendo presidentes da Amrica Latina so tofrequentes nos dias de hoje que o Sr. Caldern do Mxico comparou adiplomacia na regio a uma cadeia de montanhas. Entretanto, mesmocom toda a conversa sobre integrao regional, politicamente a

Amrica Latina parece mais dividida do que nunca. O Sr. Chvez gostade ameaar a Colmbia de guerra que, por sua vez, o acusa de abrigar seus guerrilheiros das FARC. Os grupos comerciais sub-regionais taiscomo o Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina, que progrediram nos anos90, estagnaram ou despedaaram.

Yet while politicians bicker, corporate Latin America is quietly movingcloser together. A growing army of multilatinas have expanded abroad.Some, like Embraer or Bimbo, have become global multinationals.Many others, including Chilean retailers and Brazilian banks andconstruction rms, have expanded within Latin America. SomeMexican rms, led by Amrica Mvil, a telecoms giant, are moving intoBrazil. Until recently such rms tended to list their shares in New York,


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but now a Latin American capital market is poised to emerge. In three

to ve years there will be a seamless network of Latin American stockexchanges, including Mexicos, reckons Mr Oliveira of BRAIN Brasil.No entanto, enquanto polticos brigam, a Amrica Latina corporativaest silenciosamente se aproximando. Um crescente exrcito demultilatinas expandiu-se para o exterior. Algumas, como Embraer ouBimbo, tornaram-se multinacionais globais. Muitas outras, incluindovarejistas chilenos e bancos brasileiros e firmas de construo,expandiram-se dentro da Amrica Latina. Algumas firmas mexicanas,lideradas pela Amrica Mvil, uma gigante das telecomunicaes,esto entrando no Brasil. At recentemente tais firmas tendiam a listar suas aes em Nova Iorque, mas agora o mercado de capitais da

Amrica Latina est pronto para emergir. Em trs a cinco anos haveruma rede integrada de bolsas na Amrica Latina, incluindo a doMxico, calcula o Sr. Oliveira da BRAIN Brasil.

The market-oriented reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, combined with afew years of commodity-driven prosperity, are transforming LatinAmerican business.

As reformas orientadas ao mercado das dcadas de 80 e 90,combinadas a alguns anos de prosperidade liderada pelascommodities, esto transformando os negcios latino-americanos.

11- According to paragraph 1, Mercosur and the AndeanCommunityDe acordo com o pargrafo 1, Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina

a) have created a fairer trade.criaram um comrcio mais justo.

b) brought about political divisions.acarretaram divises polticas.

c) did not prosper in the 1990s.no prosperaram nos anos 90.

d) have consolidated the regions trade.consolidaram o comrcio da regio.

e) have not evolved.no evoluram.


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Vamos relembrar o trecho que fala do Mercosul (Mercosur) e daComunidade Andina (Andean Community):

Sub-regional trade groups such as Mercosur and the Andean Community, whichmade progress in the 1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart.Os grupos comerciais sub-regionais tais como o Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina,que progrediram nos anos 90, estagnaram ou despedaaram.

Antes de adentrarmos a anlise da questo propriamente dita, vamosestudar os PHRASAL VERBSnecessrios ao seu entendimento:

to fall apart despedaarto bring about acarretar, gerar

Vamos ao entendimento das assertivas:

Letra A Errada. O texto no fala nada sobre isso.

Letra B Errada. O autor nos diz que a Amrica Latina est maisdividida politicamente do que nunca. Relembrem:

Yet for all the talk of regional integration, political Latin America looks moredivided than ever. Entretanto, mesmo com toda a conversa sobre integrao regional,

politicamente a Amrica Latina parece mais dividida do que nunca.

Letra C Errada. A passagem abaixo nos diz justamente o contrrio.Vejam:

Sub-regional trade groups such as Mercosur and the Andean Community, whichmade progress in the 1990s , have stagnated or fallen apart.Os grupos comerciais sub-regionais tais como o Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina,que progrediram nos anos 90 , estagnaram ou despedaaram.

Letra D Errada. O texto no afirma isso.

Letra E Correta.


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Sub-regional trade groups such as Mercosur and the Andean Community, whichmade progress in the 1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart.Os grupos comerciais sub-regionais tais como o Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina,que progrediram nos anos 90, estagnaram ou despedaaram.

TO STAGNATE ou TO FALL APART = NOT EVOLVEestagnar OU despedaar = no evoluir

12- According to paragraph 2, a Latin American capital marketisDe acordo com o pargrafo 2, o mercado de capitais latino-americano/est

a) prevented from emerging.impedido de emergir.

b) not likely to expand.improvvel de expandir-se.

c) an unattainable goal.

uma meta inatingvel.d) about to come out.

prestes a sair.

e) unlikely to sustain itself.improvvel de sustentar-se sozinho.

Eis o pargrafo 2:

Yet while politicians bicker, corporate Latin America is quietly moving closertogether. A growing army of multilatinas have expanded abroad. Some, likeEmbraer or Bimbo, have become global multinationals. Many others, includingChilean retailers and Brazilian banks and construction rms, have expanded withinLatin America. Some Mexican rms, led by Amrica Mvil, a telecoms giant, aremoving into Brazil. Until recently such rms tended to list their shares in NewYork, but now a Latin American capital market is poised to emerge. In threeto ve years there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges,including Mexicos, reckons Mr Oliveira of BRAIN Brasil.No entanto, enquanto polticos brigam, a Amrica Latina corporativa est


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silenciosamente se aproximando. Um crescente exrcito de multilatinas expandiu-se para o exterior. Algumas, como Embraer ou Bimbo, tornaram-se multinacionaisglobais. Muitas outras, incluindo varejistas chilenos e bancos brasileiros e firmasde construo, expandiram-se dentro da Amrica Latina. Algumas firmasmexicanas, lideradas pela Amrica Mvil, uma gigante das telecomunicaes,esto entrando no Brasil. At recentemente tais firmas tendiam a listar suas aesem Nova Iorque, mas agora o mercado de capitais da Amrica Latina est

pronto para emergir. Em trs a cinco anos haver uma rede integrada de bolsasna Amrica Latina, incluindo a do Mxico, calcula o Sr. Oliveira da BRAIN Brasil.

Mais um PHRASAL VERBpara nossa lista:

to come out sair, aparecer, tornar-se conhecido

Vamos explorar tambm o sentido de POISED: estar pronto para estar preparado para a ao

Assim:

Latin American capital market is poised to emergemercado de capitais da Amrica Latina est pronto para emergir

=

Latin American capital market is about to come outmercado de capitais da Amrica Latina est prestes a sair, aparecer, tornar-se

conhecido

Letra D.

13- According to the text, there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges, which means this networkwillDe acordo com o texto, haver uma rede integrada de bolsas na

Amrica Latina, o que significa que essa rede

a) probably be discontinued. provavelmente ser descontinuada.


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b) be continuing very smoothly.ser contnua de modo muito suave.

c) no longer be sustainable.no ser mais sustentvel.

d) soon be devised.ser elaborado em breve.

e) not be broad and stable.no ser ampla e estvel.

Mais uma questo na qual o candidato precisava apoiar-secompletamente em seus conhecimentos de vocabulrio. Observaramcomo comum a ESAF cobrar palavras e expresses de modo muitopontual, sem nos cobrar um entendimento do contexto, sem oferecertantos cognatos? Isso significa que uma boa preparao paracertames da ESAF demanda MUITA leitura e amplo vocabulrio.

Aqui era crucial entender o sentido de SEAMLESS: sem costura sem emenda

Uma rede de stock exchanges (bolsas de valores) que ser semcostura, sem emendas (seamless) nos transmite a idia de que talrede ser contnua, que no ser possvel perceber emendas entreas bolsas dos diversos pases da Amrica Latina pois haver suavetransio de uma para outra. Haver uma integrao.

Letra B.

Read the text below entitled Beyond Lula in order to answerquestions 14 to 16:Leia o texto abaixo intitulado Alm de Lula para responder squestes 14 a 16:

Beyond Lula Alm de Lula

Source: Newsweek (Adapted) Oct 11th, 2010


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With the economy booming, poverty falling, and an avid new middleclass hitting the supermarkets and malls, Brazil is in a sweet spot.Once a pushover for nancial turmoil, Brazil survived the GreatRecession largely unscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10percent in the rst six months of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7percent by years end). With new offshore discoveries boosting itsestimated oil reserves to at least 9 billion barrels and possibly muchmore- the national oil giant, Petrobras, raised $67billion in lateSeptember, the biggest public-share offering in global nancial history.Ofcials are gussying up the country for the 2014 World Cup and the2016 Olympic Games, and arguing over what to do with all the cashand glory that such international showcases bring.Com a economia em expanso, a pobreza caindo, e uma classe mdiavida chegando aos supermercados e shoppings, o Brasil est em umadoce posio. Antes uma mosca-morta para turbulncia financeira, oBrasil sobreviveu Grande Recesso praticamente inclume e cresceuao ritmo alucinante de 10 por cento nos primeiros seis meses de 2010(apesar de que pode esfriar para 6 ou 7 por cento at o fim do ano).Com as novas descobertas alm da costa impulsionando suas reservasestimadas de petrleo para pelo menos 9 bilhes de barris e

possivelmente muito mais a gigante nacional de petrleo, Petrobrs,

levantou $67 bilhes no final de setembro, a maior oferta pblica deaes na histria financeira global. Oficiais esto enfeitando o pas para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e os Jogos Olmpicos de 2016, ediscutindo sobre o que fazer com todo o dinheiro e a glria que taisvitrines internacionais trazem.

14- The text refers to Brazils economy as booming, whichmeans it is experiencing a period of economicO texto se refere economia do Brasil como em expanso, o quesignifica que est experimentando um perodo econmico de

a) malaise.mal-estar.b) slowdown.desacelerao.

c) success.sucesso.


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d) mismanagement.m gesto.

e) distress.angstia.

Mais uma questo de conhecimento de vocabulrio. Aqui se ocandidato tivesse entendido o contexto, achar a resposta seriamoleza, j que era um cognato (sucesso success). De todas asalternativas, essa era a nica com o sentido positivo que permeoutodo o texto.

Vejam as palavras (em negrito) que nos deram a dica de que aeconomia estava em um bom momento:

With the economy booming , poverty falling , and an avid new middle classhitting the supermarkets and malls , Brazil is in a sweet spot . Once apushover for nancial turmoil, Brazil survived the Great Recession largelyunscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10 percent in the rst sixmonths of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7 percent by years end). With newoffshore discoveries boosting its estimated oil reserves to at least 9billion barrels and possibly much more- the national oil giant, Petrobras,raised $67billion in late September , the biggest public-share offering inglobal nancial history. Ofcials are gussying up the country for the 2014World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, and arguing over what to do with allthe cash and glory that such international showcases bring.Com a economia em expanso , a pobreza caindo , e uma classe mdia vidachegando aos supermercados e shoppings , o Brasil est em uma doce

posio. Antes uma mosca-morta para turbulncia financeira, o Brasil sobreviveu Grande Recesso praticamente inclume e cresceu ao ritmoalucinante de 10 por cento nos primeiros seis meses de 2010 (apesar de que

pode esfriar para 6 ou 7 por cento at o fim do ano). Com as novasdescobertas alm da costa impulsionando suas reservas estimadas de

petrleo para pelo menos 9 bilhes de barris e possivelmente muito mais a gigante nacional de petrleo, Petrobrs, levantou $67 bilhes no final desetembro, a maior oferta pblica de aes na histria financeira global. Oficiais esto enfeitando o pas para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e os JogosOlmpicos de 2016, e discutindo sobre o que fazer com todo o dinheiro e aglria que tais vitrines internacionais trazem.

Notem que o autor deu vrias dicas. Ainda que o candidatoconhecesse apenas algumas das palavras em negrito e quedesconhecesse o verbo TO BOOM, era possvel entender que aeconomia estava passando por um perodo de sucesso.


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Vamos ento explorar o sentido do verbo TO BOOM: expandir-se

aumentar em atividade crescer rapidamente

Se a economia est em expanso (booming) ela est experimentandoum perodo (experiencing a period) de sucesso (success).

Letra C.

15- According to the text, Brazils growth pace is likely toDe acordo com o texto, o ritmo de crescimento do Brasil

provavelmente ir

a) decrease.diminuir.

b) reach 10%.chegar a 10%.

c) exceed 10%.exceder 10%.

d) remain steady. permanecer estvel.

e) gather.acelerar.

Vejamos o que diz o autor sobre o ritmo de crescimento (growthpace) do Brasil:

Once a pushover for nancial turmoil, Brazil survived the Great Recession largelyunscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10 percent in the rst six months of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7 percent by years end).

Antes uma mosca-morta para turbulncia financeira, o Brasil sobreviveu GrandeRecesso praticamente inclume e cresceu ao ritmo alucinante de 10 por centonos primeiros seis meses de 2010 (apesar de que pode esfriar para 6 ou 7

por cento at o fim do ano).


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CAMINHO 1

Vamos resolver primeiro partindo do pressuposto de que o candidatono sabe o que blistering pace e de que desconhece o verbo TOCOOL.

Primeiro o autor nos d 10% e se refere a crescimento no passado(grew). Em seguida, fala em 6% ou 7% e se refere ao futuro (byyears end). S isso j nos permite encontrar a resposta. Ocrescimento ir diminuir (decrease).

CAMINHO 2

Aqui vamos nos apoiar nos conhecimentos de vocabulrio docandidato.

AT A BLISTERING PACE: a um ritmo alucinante, frentico, muito rpido

TO COOL: Esfriar Resfriar Acalmar-se Moderar-se

Assim, fica claro que o blistering pace poder diminuir (cool,decrease). Letra A.

Mais um detalhe: na assertiva E aparece a expresso TO GATHER PACE. Vamos conhec-la:

to gather pace acelerar

AVISO:

Pessoal, na hora da prova - combinem os caminhos 1 (atentar parapercentuais, cognatos...) e 2 (ter um vocabulrio razovel). Assim,mesmo que o vocabulrio exigido seja difcil, ser possvel solucionara questo.


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16- The text highlights Petrobras public-share offering whichO texto destaca a oferta pblica de aes da Petrobrs que

a) was expected to reach $67 billion.era esperado que atingisse $67 bilhes.

b) might raise $67 billion. poderia levantar $67 bilhes.

c) could have raised $67 billion. poderia ter levantado $67 bilhes.

d) ought to have taken place.deveria ter acontecido.

e) took place in late September.ocorreu no final de setembro.

Vejam:

With new offshore discoveries boosting its estimated oil reserves to at least 9billion barrels and possibly much more- the national oil giant, Petrobras, raised $67billion in late September, the biggest public-share offering in global nancialhistory.Com as novas descobertas alm da costa impulsionando suas reservas estimadasde petrleo para pelo menos 9 bilhes de barris e possivelmente muito mais agigante nacional de petrleo, Petrobrs, levantou $67 bilhes no final desetembro, a maior oferta pblica de aes na histria financeira global.

Letras A, B e C Erradas. A Petrobrs j levantou o valor de $67bilhes. Notem o verbo no passado (raise raised).

Para entendermos as letras D e E vamos antes aprender o PHRASALVERBTO TAKE PLACE:

to take place acontecer, realizar-se


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Letra D Errada. A assertiva deixa implcito que a oferta pblica noocorreu, o que desmentido pelo texto.Letra E Correta. O verbo (raised) em negrito no trecho retirado dotexto est no passado simples o que indica que a oferta pblica jocorreu.

Read the text below entitled 10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online in order to answer questions 17 to 20:Leia o texto abaixo intitulado 10 Maneiras de Proteger SuaPrivacidade Online para responder s questes 17 a 20:

10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online10 Maneiras de Proteger Sua Privacidade Online

Source: www.newsweek.com (Adapted) Oct, 22nd 2010

Up to a couple of years ago, I used to say that the average personcould protect his or her privacy on the Web. Even as the founder of anonline reputation-management company, I believed it was possible so long as you were willing to commit some time doing it. Today, I tellpeople this: the landscape of personal data mining and exploitation isshifting faster than ever; trying to protect your online privacy is liketrying to build your own antivirus software really, really difcult. Butwhether or not you have the time (or money) to invest in the pros,there are a few simple steps we can all take to reduce the risk to ourprivate data.

At alguns anos atrs, eu costuma dizer que uma pessoa mdia poderia proteger sua privacidade na internet. Mesmo como fundador de uma empresa online de gerenciamento de reputao, eu acreditavaque era possvel desde que voc estivesse disposto a comprometer um certo tempo fazendo isso. Hoje, eu digo isso para as pessoas: ocampo de minerao e explorao de dados pessoais est mudandomais rpido do que nunca; tentar proteger sua privacidade online como tentar construir seu prprio software antivrus muito, muitodifcil. Mas tendo tempo (ou dinheiro) ou no para investir nos

profissionais, h alguns passos simples que ns podemos tomar paradiminuir o risco sobre nossos dados privados.


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1. Do not put your full birth date on your social-networking proles.No coloque sua data de nascimento completa nos perfis de suasredes sociais.

Identity thieves use birth dates as cornerstones of their craft. If youwant your friends to know your birthday, try just the month and day,and leave out the year.Ladres de identidades usam datas de nascimento como base de suaarte. Se voc quer que seus amigos saibam sua data de aniversrio,tenta apenas o ms e o dia, e deixe de fora o ano.

2. Use multiple usernames and passwords.Use mltiplos nomes de usurio e senhas.

Keep your usernames and passwords for social networks, onlinebanking, e-mail, and online shopping all separate. Having distinctpasswords is not enough nowadays: if you have the same usernameacross different Web sites, your entire life can be mapped and re-created with simple algorithms.Mantenha seus nomes de usurio e senhas para redes sociais, banco

online, email, e compra online todos separados. Ter senhas distintasno suficiente hoje em dia: se voc tem o mesmo nome de usurio por diferentes sites da Web, toda a sua vida pode ser mapeada erecriada com algoritmos simples.

3. Shred.Retalhe.

If you are going to throw away credit-card offers, bank statements, oranything else that might come in hard copy to your house, rip them upinto tiny bits rst.Se voc ir jogar fora ofertas de cartes de crdito, extratosbancrios, ou qualquer coisa que possa chegar em uma cpia impressaem sua casa, corte-os em pequenos pedaos primeiro.


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17- According to the author, the year of your birthday must beDe acordo com o autor, o ano da sua data de nascimento deve ser

a) omitted.omitido.

b) pointed out.destacado.

c) lled in. preenchido.

d) shifted.alterado.

e) written down.escrito.

Vejamos o trecho que trata do ano (year) da data de nascimento(birthday):

If you want your friends to know your birthday, try just the month and day, andleave out the year.Se voc quer que seus amigos saibam sua data de aniversrio, tenta apenas oms e o dia, e deixe de fora o ano.

Essa uma questo recheada de PHRASAL VERBS. Vamos aprend-los:

to leave out deixar de forato point out destacar, apontar, mostrar, chamar aateno para

to fill in preencherto write down escrever

Logo, TO LEAVE OUT (deixar de fora) o mesmo que TO OMIT(omitir), que um cognato verdadeiro.

Letra A.


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18- According to the author, reducing the risk to our privatedata isDe acordo com o autor, reduzir o risco aos nossos dados privados

a) not sensible.no sensato.

b) unworthy.no vale a pena.

c) impossible.impossvel.d) possible.

possvel.

e) not advisable.no aconselhvel.

Relembrem:

Today, I tell people this: the landscape of personal data mining and exploitation isshifting faster than ever; trying to protect your online privacy is like trying tobuild your own antivirus software really, really difcult. But whether or notyou have the time (or money) to invest in the pros , there are a few simplesteps we can all take to reduce the risk to our private data.Hoje, eu digo isso para as pessoas: o campo de minerao e explorao de dados

pessoais est mudando mais rpido do que nunca; tentar proteger sua privacidade online como tentar construir seu prprio software antivrus muito, muito difcil. Mas tendo tempo (ou dinheiro) ou no para investir nos

profissionais, h alguns passos simples que ns podemos tomar paradiminuir o risco sobre nossos dados privados.

Apesar do autor afirmar que proteger sua privacidade online (protectyour online privacy) algo muito difcil (really difficult), h algunspassos simples (there are a few simple steps) que podemos tomarpara reduzir o risco aos nossos dados privados (private data). Logo,reduzir tal risco possvel (possible) e vale a pena (worthy) visto quetais passos so simples (simple). Letra D.


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19-According to the author, usernames and passwords

De acordo com o autor, nomes de usurios e senhasa) should be complementary.devem ser complementares.

b) must be multiple.devem ser mltiplos.

c) have to be similar. precisam ser similares.

d) ought to be jumbled.devem ser misturados.

e) could be multiple. poderiam ser mltiplos.

Observem o que o autor nos diz sobre usernames (nomes deusurios) e passwords (senhas):

2. Use multiple usernames and passwords.Use mltiplos nomes de usurio e senhas.

Keep your usernames and passwords for social networks, online banking, e-mail,and online shopping all separate. Having distinct passwords is not enoughnowadays: if you have the same username across different Web sites, your entirelife can be mapped and re-created with simple algorithms.Mantenha seus nomes de usurio e senhas para redes sociais, banco online,email, e compra online todos separados. Ter senhas distintas no suficientehoje em dia: se voc tem o mesmo nome de usurio por diferentes sites da Web,toda a sua vida pode ser mapeada e recriada com algoritmos simples.

Aqui o autor explora o uso dos MODAIS (veja quadro-resumo ao finaldesta aula).

Percebam que o texto diz que o uso de usernames (nomes eusurios) e passwords (senhas) PRECISA, TEM QUE SER mltiplo.Note que no apenas aconselhvel. H um tom de obrigatoriedade.Sendo assim, o modal que carrega consigo o maior grau deprobabilidade/obrigatoriedade e que portanto expressa melhor oque o texto disse o MUST.Letra B.


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20- According to the author, when throwing away credit card

offers or bank statements, one shouldDe acordo com o autor, ao dispensar ofertas de cartes de crdito ouextratos bancrios, uma pessoa deve

a) inform the bank in advance.informar o banco antes.

b) store a copy of both documents.guardar uma cpia de ambos os documentos.

c) tear them into thin pieces.rasg-los em finos pedaos.

d) delete the identication number rst.deletar o nmero de identificao primeiro.

e) not cut any of these documents.no cortar nenhum destes documentos.

If you are going to throw away credit-card offers, bank statements, or anythingelse that might come in hard copy to your house, rip them up into tiny bits

rst.Se voc ir jogar fora ofertas de cartes de crdito, extratos bancrios, ouqualquer coisa que possa chegar em uma cpia impressa em sua casa, corte-osem pequenos pedaos primeiro.

Mais uma questo em que o conhecimento de PHRASAL VERBSexplorado. Vejamos:

to throw away jogar foraTo rip something up rasgar

to tear something into pieces rasgar em pedaos

iny = thinminsculo, muito pequeno = fino, estreito, delgado

bit = piecebocado, pedao pequeno, partcula = pedao, poro, fragmento

LOGO:to rip something up into tiny bits = to tear something into thin pieces

cortar algo em pequenos pedaos = rasgar algo em finos pedaos

Letra C.


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PARTE 3: REPORTAGEM TRADUZIDA

Banco de Textos

A Free Trade Agenda For the U.S. and Taiwan

Nearly 20 years ago, during the U.S. debate over the North AmericanFree Trade Agreement (NAFTA), opponents of the agreement called onCongress to reject the proposal because it might prompt othercountries to enter free trade talks.

Supporters of the proposal responded by arguing that the critics maybe right: NAFTA could trigger an epidemic of free trade. But, theyargued, that would be a good thing for the global economy; fewertrade barriers among nations would benefit everyone.

Fast forward nearly two decades. Since the early 1990s, whenAmerican policymakers were debating NAFTA, dozens of bilateral andmultilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been concluded,involving, by my count, more than 100 countries.

The ASEAN bloc, for example (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailandand Vietnam), has free trade agreements with Australia, India, Japan,New Zealand, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and South Korea.

The PRC has free trade agreements with Chile, Costa Rica, Hong Kong,Macau, Niger, Pakistan, Peru, New Zealand, Singapore, and Thailand,as well as the ASEAN group.

The European Union (EU) has free trade agreements with some twodozen countries outside of the EU.

Texto retirado do site www.forbes.com


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India, in addition to its free trade pact with ASEAN, has bilateral tradeagreements with Canada, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea,Sri Lanka, and Thailand. India also has free trade agreements with theSouth Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) nations Afghanistan,Bangladesh, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka andwith the MERCOSUR countries, also known as the Southern CommonMarket (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay), and is in finalnegotiations for a similar agreement with the EU.

The list goes on.

As NAFTA supporters optimistically predicted, free trade has beencontagious. And as they also predicted, reducing and eliminatingrestrictive trade barriers has been a great boon to the world economy.

Millions of people who previously were mired in poverty in Brazil,China, and India, among other countries for the first time in theirlives have become consumers, rather than mere survivors. Many havemoved into the middle class, enjoying living standards previouslybeyond their dreams.

Despite its unique diplomatic situation, with fewer than two dozencountries extending formal diplomatic relations, Taiwan also hassuccessfully concluded several free trade pacts: with El Salvador,Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. Negotiations areunderway for a similar agreement with Singapore.

With a dynamic capitalist economy, as the U.S. CIA World Factbookdescribes it with nearly $274 billion (U.S.) in exports in 2010 Taiwan obviously would benefit from additional free trade agreements.And none would be more appropriate than a U.S.-Taiwan FTA.

For now that seems unlikely, though there is considerable politicalsupport for such an agreement. Speaking last fall in Washington, U.S.Senator Joseph Lieberman, a former Democratic vice presidentialcandidate, called on the Obama administration specifically to negotiatesuch an agreement with Taiwan. Theres an odd irony here, Lieberman said. That is: Taiwans trade relations with mainland Chinaare now arguably more free than their trade relations with the UnitedStates.


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This shouldnt be.In 2010, the United States exported an estimated $26 billion in goodsand services to Taiwan, while importing some $36 billion worth of Made in Taiwan electronics, plastics and other goods, making TaiwanAmericas ninth-largest trading partner.

As an interim step many have suggested adding Taiwan to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Free Trade Agreement negotiations, whichcurrently include Australia, Brunei, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, NewZealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and Vietnam. That wouldbe a good start, but no substitute for a bilateral U.S.-Taiwan FTA or aTaiwan-NAFTA agreement.

With both the Taiwanese and U.S. economies still feeling the aftermathof the global recession, a free trade agreement would be a win-winproposition for both nations


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PROFESSORA GABRI

ing - afrfb 2012 - ponto - aula 01

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