gastro

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Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) adalah salah satu kelainan yang sering dihadapi di lapangan dalam bidang gastrointestinal. Penyakit ini berdampak buruk pada kualitas hidup penderita dan sering dihubungkan dengan morbiditas yang bermakna. Berdasarkan Konsensus Montreal tahun 2006 (the Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease : a global evidence-based consensus), penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease/GERD) didefinisikan sebagai suatu keadaan patologis sebagai akibat refluks kandungan lambung ke dalam esofagus yang menimbulkan berbagai gejala yang mengganggu (troublesome) di esofagus maupun ekstra-esofagus dan/atau komplikasi (Vakil dkk, 2006). Komplikasi yang berat yang dapat timbul adalah Barret’s esophagus, striktur, adenokarsinoma di kardia dan esofagus (Vakil dkk, 2006), (Makmun, 2009). Hernia hiatal adalah suatu keadaan refluksnya lambung ke dalam esofagus The esophagus enters the abdomen through an opening in the diaphragm and empties at its lower end into the upper part of the stomach. Normally, the opening in the diaphragm encircles the esophagus tightly, and the stomach lies completely within the abdomen. In a condition known as hiatus (or hiatal) hernia, the opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes becomes enlarged, and part of the upper stomach tends to move up into the lower portion of the thorax. Hiatal hernia occurs more often in women than men. There are two types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. Sliding, or type I, hiatal hernia occurs when the upper stomach and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) are displaced upward and slide in and out of the thorax (Fig. 35-8A). About 90% of patients with esophageal hiatal hernia have a sliding hernia. A paraesophageal hernia occurs when all or part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm beside the esophagus (see Fig. 35-8B). Paraesophageal hernias may be further classified as types II, III, or IV, depending on the extent of herniation, with type IV having the greatest herniation

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Page 1: Gastro

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) adalah salah satu kelainan yang sering dihadapi di lapangan dalam bidang gastrointestinal. Penyakit ini berdampak buruk pada kualitas hidup penderita dan sering dihubungkan dengan morbiditas yang bermakna. Berdasarkan Konsensus Montreal tahun 2006 (the Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease : a global evidence-based consensus), penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease/GERD) didefinisikan sebagai suatu keadaan patologis sebagai akibat refluks kandungan lambung ke dalam esofagus yang menimbulkan berbagai gejala yang mengganggu (troublesome) di esofagus maupun ekstra-esofagus dan/atau komplikasi (Vakil dkk, 2006). Komplikasi yang berat yang dapat timbul adalah Barret’s esophagus, striktur, adenokarsinoma di kardia dan esofagus (Vakil dkk, 2006), (Makmun, 2009).

Hernia hiatal adalah suatu keadaan refluksnya lambung ke dalam esofagus

The esophagus enters the abdomen through an opening in the diaphragmand empties at its lower end into the upper part of thestomach. Normally, the opening in the diaphragm encircles theesophagus tightly, and the stomach lies completely within the abdomen.In a condition known as hiatus (or hiatal) hernia, theopening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passesbecomes enlarged, and part of the upper stomach tends to moveup into the lower portion of the thorax. Hiatal hernia occursmore often in women than men. There are two types of hiatalhernias: sliding and paraesophageal. Sliding, or type I, hiatal herniaoccurs when the upper stomach and the gastroesophagealjunction (GEJ) are displaced upward and slide in and out of thethorax (Fig. 35-8A). About 90% of patients with esophageal hiatalhernia have a sliding hernia. A paraesophageal hernia occurswhen all or part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragmbeside the esophagus (see Fig. 35-8B). Paraesophageal herniasmay be further classified as types II, III, or IV, depending on theextent of herniation, with type IV having the greatest herniation