Peran Uni Eropa Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Ekonomi di Kawasan Euro Zone

(Studi Kasus: Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS)

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata I

Disusun oleh :

Muhammad Fachrur Rozi

201410360311014

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu‟alaikum wr.wb. Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah

SWT, karena berkat Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya penulis berhasil merampungkan

skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam yang senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Nabi

Muhammad SAW.

Penulisan skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat

memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas

Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, dengan judul

skripsi “Peran Uni Eropa Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Ekonomi di Kawasan

Eurozone (Studi Kasus: Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS)”.

Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis sangat berterima kasih kepada para

Dosen Pembimbing karena tidak pernah lepas dalam memberi bantuan, bimbingan

serta dukungan dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi ini. Dalam proses penulisan

skripsi ini, penulis menyadari akan keterbatasan-keterbatasan yang dimiliki baik

dari segi pengetahuan serta keterbatasan teknis. Untuk itu saran dan kritik yang

membangun sangat diharapkan dalam penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Penulis

berharap bahwa skripsi ini dapat menjadi bahan pembelajaran yang baik bagi

penulis sendiri, pembaca, dan peneliti lain. Wassalamu‟alaikum wr.wb

Malang, 05 Januari 2019

Muhammad Fachrur Rozi

v

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Sampul .................................................................................................. i

Lembar Persetujuan Pembimbing .................................................................... ii

Lembar Pengesahan .......................................................................................... iii

Berita Acara Pembimbing ................................................................................. iv

Lembar Pernyataan Penulis ............................................................................... v

Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................. vi

Abstraksi ............................................................................................................ vii

Halaman Persembahan ...................................................................................... ix

Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................. xi

Daftar Tabel ...................................................................................................... xiv

Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

Latar Belakang Masalah ........................................................................... 1

Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 6

Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 6

Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................ 7

Kerangka Teori dan Konsep .................................................................... 18

Metodologi Penelitian .............................................................................. 24

Argumentasi Dasar .................................................................................. 25

Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 26

BAB II: UNI EROPA DAN KRISIS EKONOMI PIIGS

2.1 Integrasi Regional Uni Eropa ........................................................... 29

2.2 Timeline Integrasi Uni Eropa ............................................................ 36

2.2.1 Perjanjian Paris (Treaty of Paris) ............................................... 36

vi

2.2.2 Perjanjian Roma (Treaty of Rome) .............................................. 37

2.2.3 Perjanjian Schengen (Schengen Agreement) ................................ 38

2.2.4 Single European Act ..................................................................... 39

2.2.5 Perjanjian Maastricht (Treaty of Maastricht) ............................... 41

2.2.6 Perjanjian Amsterdam (Treaty of Amsterdam) ............................ 42

2.2.7 Perjanjian Nice (Treaty of Nice) ................................................... 43

2.3 Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS .................................................................... 46

2.3.1 Krisis Ekonomi Yunani ............................................................ 49

2.3.2 Krisis Ekonomi Portugal .............................................................. 52

2.3.3 Krisis Ekonomi Irlandia ................................................................ 56

2.3.4 Krisis Ekonomi Spanyol ............................................................. 59

2.3.5 Krisis Ekonomi Italia .............................................................. 62

BAB III: UPAYA UNI EROPA DALAM MENANGANI KRISIS EKONOMI

PIIGS

3.1 Peran Uni Eropa Sebagai Forum Dalam Menangi Krisis PIIGS ....... 68

3.1.1 Mendirikan European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) .......... 69

3.1.1.1 Bantuan Keuangan EFSF Terhadap Yunani ........................... 73

3.1.1.2 Bantuan Keuangan EFSF Terhadap Portugal ........................ 75

3.1.1.3 Bantuan Keuangan EFSF Terhadap Irlandia .......................... 76

3.1.2 Bantuan Melalui European Stability Mechanism (ESM) ............. 78

3.1.3 Program Penyesuaian Ekonomi Untuk Yunani ........................... 81

3.2 Peran Uni Eropa Sebagai Organisasi Internasional Dalam Menangani

Krisis Ekonomi PIIGS ....................................................................... 86

3.2.1 Program Penanganan Krisis Melalui The Stability and Growth Pact

(SGP) ............................................................................................ 87

vii

3.2.2 Pembentukan Satuan Tugas Pemberian Bantuan Terhadap Yunani .90

3.3 Peran Uni Eropa Dalam Menangani Krisis Eurozone Melalui Common

Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) atau Kebijakan Keamanan dan

Pertahanan Bersama ................................................................... 93

BAB IV: PENUTUP

4.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 95

4.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 98

xiv

Daftar Tabel

Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian .................................................................................. 15

Tabel 1.2 Sistematika Penulisan ......................................................................... 28

Tabel 2.1 Keanggotaan Uni Eropa ...................................................................... 38

Tabel 2.2 Defisit Anggaran Irlandia Tahun 2006-2011 ...................................... 61

xv

Daftar Gambar

Gambar 2.1 Hutang Negara Eropa Pada Tahun 2011 ......................................... 48

Gambar 2.2 Defisit Anggaran Yunani Pada Tahun 2009 ................................... 52

Gambar 2.3 Tingkat Utang Portugal ................................................................... 56

Gambar 2.4 Tingkat Utang Irlandia .................................................................... 61

Gambar 2.5 Tingkat Utang Spanyol Terhadap GDP .......................................... 64

Gambar 2.6 Tingkat Utang Italia ........................................................................ 65

Gambar 2.7 Rasio Utang Italia Terhadap PDB Tahun 2011 ............................... 67

Gambar 3.1 Utang Negara Anggota Uni Eropa .................................................. 7

16

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