gastritis erosif patofisiologi
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NSAID menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria, menurunkan permukaan hidrofobik mukosa
lambung, menurunkan barier epitel lambung sehingga menyebabkan ulserasi lambung.
NSAID menghambat COX 1 yang menyebabkan penurunan aliran darah ke lambung dan
menurunkan produksi mukosa lambung !CO"#sehingga menyebab ulkus gaster
NSAID menghambat COX$ sehingga menurunkan re#epitelisasi lambung dan meningkatkan
akti%asi leukosit adhesion neutrofil sehingga menyebabkan mikroiskemia lo&al yang
meningkatkan rea&ti%e o'ygen spe&ies, sehingga menyebabkan ulserasi lambung
ACR Clinical Classification Criteria for Osteoarthritis of the knee:
Using history and physical examination
Using history, physical examination and radiographic findings:
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Using history, physical examination and laboratory findings:
Reference: Altman, R, et al.: Arthritis Rheum 29:109, 19!".
Diagnostic criteria
American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting
of osteoarthritis of the knee[34]
#linical and laboratory diagnostic criteria:
Knee painplus at least $ of the follo%ing 9 criteria: age !" years& stiffness #3"
minutes& crepitus& bony tenderness& bony enlargement& no palpa$le %armth& '(R )*0mm+hour& R )1.*0& syno-ial fluid signs of A.
#linical and radiographic diagnostic criteria:
Knee pain plus osteophytes, plus at least 1 of the follo%ing criteria: age !" years&
stiffness )0 minutes& crepitus.
American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting
of osteoarthritis of the hip[3!]
/uidelines state that patients are classified as ha-ing hip A if pain is present plus either 1 hipinternal rotation 1$& pain present on internal rotation of the hip& morning stiffness of the hip for3"0 minutes& age 4$0 years, or 2 hip internal rotation )1$& '(R 3*$ mm+hour. 5f no '(R %as
obtained, hip flexion 311$ is substituted 6sensiti-ity !"7, specificity 8$7.
atients may also be classified as ha-ing A if they ha-e pain plus 2 of the follo%ing
radiographic criteria: osteophytes 6femoral or acetabular& oint space narro%ing 6superior, axial,and+or medial& '(R )20 mm+hour 6sensiti-ity !97, specificity 917.
http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/192/resources/references.html#ref-34http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/192/resources/references.html#ref-35http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/192/resources/references.html#ref-35http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/192/resources/references.html#ref-34 -
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American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting
of osteoarthritis of the hand[3&]
/uidelines state that patients may be classified as ha-ing clinical A if, on examination, there ishard tissue enlargement in-ol-ing at least 2 of 10 selected oints, s%elling in ) ;# oints, and
hard tissue enlargement of at least 2