wahana permainan air (water park) di kabupaten …repository.unika.ac.id/152/1/08.11.0114 anabila...

i

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2013/ 2014

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

WAHANA PERMAINAN AIR (water park) di

Kabupaten Indramayu

Penekanan Desain

Arsitektur Hundertwasser

Permasalahan Dominan

Menciptakan Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung

Melalui Teknik Vegetasi

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun Oleh:

Anabila Soraya – 08.11.0114

Dosen Pembimbing:

Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

April, 2014

ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Projek Akhir Arsitektur

Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014

Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Semarang

Judul : Wahana Permainan Air (water park)

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Hundertwasser

Fokus Kajian : Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem

Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana

dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata

Penyusun : ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114

Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT

Penguji : Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto

Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT

Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT

Semarang, 10 April 2014

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Dekan

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT

NIDN 611086201

Ketua

Program Studi Arstektur

Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT

NIDN 625116302

iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Projek Akhir Arsitektur

Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014

Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Semarang






Penyusun : ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114


Penguji : Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto




Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Pembimbing

Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT

NIDN 629056402

Penguji

Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto

NIDN 602066801

Penguji


NIDN 628126101

Penguji


NIDN 627066701

iv

SURAT PERNYATAAN

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya :

Nama : ANABILA SORAYA

N I M : 08.11.0114

Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode Semester

Genap TA. 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan

Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang







NIDN : 629056402

Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi

dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas

siap menerima segala konsekuensinya.


Penulis

ANABILA SORAYA

NIM : 08.11.0114

v

PRAKATA

Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan puji syukur atas kehadirat Tuhan

Yang Maha Esa, telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis

dapat menyelesaikan Prposal Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini.

Penulisan proposal ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi persyaratan

menempuh Mata Kuliah Proyek Akhir Arsitektur pada Jurusan Arsitektur

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

Pada kesemapatan ini penulis hendak mengucapkan terima kasih

kepada :

1. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku Ketua koordinator PAA Periode LXV

sekaligus dosen pembimbing

2. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan StB, MTA selaku dosen Koordinator Studio PAA

Perode LXV

3. Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto, Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT, dan Ir. Robert

Rianto W, MT selaku dosen penguji yang telah member banyak

masukan.

4. Bapak, Ibu serta kakak-kakak ku yang selalu member doa, dukungan

materi dan moral, semangat dan perhatiannya.

5. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu

Atas segala bimbingan, pengarahan, dan sarannya, penulis

mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga proposal ini dapat bermanfaat

bagi semua pihak.


Penulis

vi

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul ........................................................................................ i

Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ ii

Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ iv

Prakata ................................................................................................... v

Daftar Isi ................................................................................................ vi

Daftar Gambar ....................................................................................... xi

Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................... xx

Daftar Diagram ...................................................................................... xxiii

Daftar Pustaka ....................................................................................... xxv

BAB I.PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................ 1

1.1.1 Alasan dan Motivasi Pemilihan Judul ............................. 2

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ........................................... 3

1.2.1 Tujuan ............................................................................ 3

1.2.2 Sasaran .......................................................................... 3

1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................. 4

1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ............................................................... 4

1.4.1 Tahap Pemrograman ...................................................... 4

1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ................................... 7

1.4.3 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ..................................... 7

1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................ 9

vii

BAB II. TIJAUAN PROYEK ................................................................... 11

2.1 Tinjauan Water Park ................................................................ 11

2.1.1 Perkembangan Water Park ............................................. 12

2.1.2 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ............................................. 14

2.1.3 Terminologi ....................................................................... 14

2.1.4 Klasifikasi Wahana Permainan Air .................................... 15

2.1.5 Aktivitas ............................................................................ 17

2.1.6 Pelaku .............................................................................. 18

2.1.7 Waktu Operasional ........................................................... 20

2.1.8 Fasilitas ............................................................................ 20

2.1.9 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................. 21

2.2 Tinjauan Kabupaten Indramayu ............................................... 25

2.2.1 Letak, Luas dan batas kab. Indramayu ......................... 29

2.2.2 Topografi ...................................................................... 31

2.2.3 Iklim ............................................................................. 32

2.2.4 Morfologi ...................................................................... 33

2.2.5 Infrastruktur .................................................................. 34

2.3 Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis .................................................. 35

2.3.1 Water Blaster Semarang .............................................. 35

2.3.2 Pandawa Water World Solo .......................................... 43

2.4 Permasalahan Desain ............................................................. 46

2.4.1 Arsitektur ...................................................................... 46

2.4.2 Bangunan ..................................................................... 46

2.4.3 Lingkungan ................................................................... 46

2.5 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ....................................... 47

viii

2.5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................. 47

2.5.2 Batasan ........................................................................ 47

2.5.3 Anggapan ..................................................................... 47

BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............. 48

3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ............................................... 48

3.1.1 Studi Pelaku .................................................................. 48

3.1.2 Studi Aktivitas ............................................................... 49

3.1.3 Studi Fasilitas, Studi Ruang Khusus, Studi Besaran Ruang

............................................................................................... 58

3.1.4 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Outdoor & Indoor .................... 58

3.1.5 Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................... 64

3.1.6 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan ............................ 73

3.1.7 Besaran Ruang ............................................................ 78

3.1.8 Studi Citra Arsitektural .................................................. 92

3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .................................. 93

3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ............................. 93

3.2.2 Studi Sistem Bangunan ................................................. 110

3.2.3 Studi Landscape ........................................................... 115

3.2.4 Studi Area Parkir ........................................................... 120

3.2.5 Studi Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 121

3.2.6 Studi Pemanfaatan Tekhnologi ..................................... 129

3.2.7 Penggunaan Atap Bertanaman ..................................... 137

3.2.8 CCTV ............................................................................ 138

3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ................................................. 138

ix

3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ............................................... 144

BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ...................................................... 152

4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................... 152

4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ................................................. 152

4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ................................................................ 152

4.1.3 Aspek Tekhnologi .......................................................... 153

4.1.4 Ramah Lingkungan ....................................................... 153

4.2 Tujuan Perc, Faktor Penentu Perc, Faktor Persyaratan.......... 154

4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ..................................................... 154

4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ........................................ 154

4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................. 155

4.3 Program Arsitektur ................................................................ 157

4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ......................................................... 157

4.3.2 Program Ruang ............................................................. 159

4.3.3 Program Besaran Ruang ............................................... 161

4.3.4 Program Sistem Struktur ............................................... 164

4.3.5 Program Sistem Bangunan ........................................... 169

4.3.5.1 Sistem Pencahayaan Alami ................................ 169

4.3.5.2 Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan ............................. 170

4.3.6 Program Landscape ...................................................... 171

4.3.7 Program Area Parkir ..................................................... 175

4.3.8 Program Sistem Utilitas ................................................. 176

4.3.9 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ........................................... 187

x

BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI.......................................................................... 191

5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ............................................ 191

5.1.1 Interpretasi & Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain ......... 191

5.1.2 Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............................................. 192

5.1.3 Filosofi Hundertwasser .................................................. 194

5.1.4 Karakteristik Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............. 195

5.1.5 Ketentuan Penggunaan Keramik ................................... 197

5.1.6 Ciri – Ciri Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser ................... 198

5.1.7 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 198

5.1.8 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 207

5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 208

5.2.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 208

5.2.2 Kajian Teori ................................................................... 209

5.2.3 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 215

5.2.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan

............................................................................................... 216

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air

Gambar 2.1 Water Park ......................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.2 Kolam Air Mancur ............................................................... 20

Gambar 2.3 Lazy River .......................................................................... 20

Gambar 2.4 Kolam Anak ........................................................................ 20

Gambar 2.5 Ruang Locker ...................................................................... 21

Gambar 2.6 Foodcourt ............................................................................ 21

Gambar 2.7 Ruang Refleksi .................................................................... 21

Gambar 2.8 Peta Wisata Indramayu ...................................................... 25

Gambar 2.9 Pantai Tirtamaya ................................................................ 25

Gambar 2.10 Koloni Kera Banjar ........................................................... 26

Gambar 2.11 Wisata Pulau Biawak ........................................................ 26

Gambar 2.12 Situ Bolang ....................................................................... 26

Gambar 2.13 Pantai Glayem .................................................................. 27

Gambar 2.14 Pantai Karangsong ........................................................... 27

Gambar 2.15 Pantai Balongan Indah ..................................................... 27

Gambar 2.16 Kampung Wisata Sindang Ayu ......................................... 28

Gambar 2.17 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 30

Gambar 2.18 Peta Kemampuan Lahan .................................................. 33

Gambar 2.19 Peta Infrastuktur Kab. Indramayu ..................................... 34

Gambar 2.20 Pintu Masuk Water Blaster ............................................... 35

Gambar 2.21 Letak Water Blaster .......................................................... 35

Gambar 2.22 Gazebo ............................................................................ 38

Gambar 2.23 Ruang Locker ................................................................... 39

xii

Gambar 2.24 Ruang Bilas ...................................................................... 39

Gambar 2.25 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 39

Gambar 2.26 Ruang Kesehatan ............................................................. 39

Gambar 2.27 Souvenir Shop .................................................................. 39

Gambar 2.28 Lapangan Futsal .............................................................. 39

Gambar 2.29 Ruang Pertemuan ............................................................ 40

Gambar 2.30 Ruang Gathering .............................................................. 40

Gambar 2.31 Kantor Marketing .............................................................. 40

Gambar 2.32 Map Water Blaster ............................................................ 41

Gambar 2.33 Black Hole Slide ............................................................... 43

Gambar 2.34 Raft Slide ......................................................................... 44

Gambar 2.35 Lazy River ........................................................................ 44

Gambar 2.36 Swimming Pool ................................................................ 44

Gambar 2.37 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 44

Gambar 2.38 Kolam Ombak .................................................................. 44

Gambar 2.39 Play Ground ..................................................................... 44

Gambar 2.40 Map Pandawa Solo .......................................................... 45

Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur

Gambar 3.1 Kids Slides .......................................................................... 64

Gambar 3.2 Slide Dewasa ...................................................................... 65

Gambar 3.3 Slide Menggunakan Ban Karet ............................................ 65

Gambar 3.4 Pendaki Konstruksi Baja ..................................................... 66

Gambar 3.5 Pendaki Konstruksi Kayu .................................................... 66

Gambar 3.6 Dimensi Slide Untuk Dewasa .............................................. 67

xiii

Gambar 3.7 Dimensi Slide Menggunakan Ban........................................ 68

Gambar 3.8 Dimensi Slide Untuk Anak .................................................. 68

Gambar 3.9 Lazy River .......................................................................... 69

Gambar 3.10 Lazy River ........................................................................ 69

Gambar 3.11 Shunken Pool Bar ............................................................ 70

Gambar 3.12 Aktivitas Didalam Pool Bar ............................................... 70

Gambar 3.13 Dimensi Whirpool ............................................................. 71

Gambar 3.14 Dimensi Parkir Truck ........................................................ 90

Gambar 3.15 Slide Construction ............................................................ 94

Gambar 3.16 Kurva Penuh .................................................................... 94

Gambar 3.17 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 94

Gambar 3.18 Kombinasi Kurva .............................................................. 94

Gambar 3.19 Konstruksi Penyangga Seluncur ....................................... 94

Gambar 3.20 Plat Baja Penyangga ........................................................ 95

Gambar 3.21 Detail Murbaut Pada Sambungan ..................................... 95

Gambar 3.22 Atap Dak beton ................................................................. 95

Gambar 3.23 Konstruksi Atap Kayu ........................................................ 97

Gambar 3.24 Atap Baja Ringan ............................................................. 98

Gambar 3.25 Atap Space Truss ............................................................. 99

Gambar 3.26 Dinding Masif ................................................................... 100

Gambar 3.27 Struktur Rangka ............................................................... 100

Gambar 3.28 Struktur Dinding Sejajar .................................................... 102

Gambar 3.29 Dinding batu bata ............................................................. 102

Gambar 3.30 Dinding Kaca .................................................................... 103

Gambar 3.31 Batu Alam ......................................................................... 104

xiv

Gambar 3.32 Dinding ACP ..................................................................... 104

Gambar 3.33 Ubin .................................................................................. 105

Gambar 3.34 Pondasi Batu Kali ............................................................. 107

Gambar 3.35 Pondasi Footplat .............................................................. 108

Gambar 3.37 Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ............................................... 109

Gambar 3.38 Pondasi Dengan Cerucuk Bambu .................................... 110

Gambar 3.39 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela ................................. 111

Gambar 3.40 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ........................ 111

Gambar 3.41 Shadowing ....................................................................... 113

Gambar 3.42 Moonlighting ..................................................................... 113

Gambar 3.43 Uplighting ......................................................................... 113

Gambar 3.44 Lampu Jalan ..................................................................... 113

Gambar 3.45 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 114

Gambar 3.46 Spot Light ......................................................................... 114

Gambar 3.47 Fungsi Tanaman .............................................................. 116

Gambar 3.48 Kran Air ............................................................................ 116

Gambar 3.49 Water Sprinkle System ..................................................... 117

Gambar 3.50 Material Kayu ................................................................... 117

Gambar 3.51 Material Pasir ................................................................... 117

Gambar 3.52 Material Kerikil .................................................................. 117

Gambar 3.53 Material Batu Bata ............................................................ 118

Gambar 3.54 Material Besi .................................................................... 118

Gambar 3.55 Material Alumunium .......................................................... 118

Gambar 3.56 Material Fiber ................................................................... 118

Gambar 3.57 Material Beton .................................................................. 118

xv

Gambar 3.58 Pergola ............................................................................. 119

Gambar 3.59 Papan Penunjuk Jalan ..................................................... 119

Gambar 3.60 Bangku Taman ................................................................. 119

Gambar 3.61 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 119

Gambar 3.62 Gazebo ............................................................................ 119

Gambar 3.63 Air Mancur ........................................................................ 119

Gambar 3.64 Sclupture .......................................................................... 119

Gambar 3.65 Rambu-rambu .................................................................. 120

Gambar 3.66 Jenis Parkir ...................................................................... 120

Gambar 3.67 Area Parkir ....................................................................... 121

Gambar 3.68 Fire Hidrant ...................................................................... 126

Gambar 3.69 Pillar Hydrant .................................................................... 126

Gambar 3.70 Sprinkle ............................................................................ 126

Gambar 3.71 Smoke Detectore .............................................................. 127

Gambar 3.72 Lapisan Panel Surya ........................................................ 129

Gambar 3.73 Bagian Panel Surya .......................................................... 130

Gambar 3.74 Panel Surya Dengan Inverter ........................................... 132

Gambar 3.75 Rangkaian Sel Surya ........................................................ 133

Gambar 3.76 Jenis Polikristal ................................................................ 136

Gambar 3.77 Jenis Monokristal .............................................................. 136

Gambar 3.78 Lapisan Tanaman Pada Atap ........................................... 137

Gambar 3.79 CCTV ............................................................................... 138

Gambar 3.80 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 141

Gambar 3.81 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 1 .................................... 145

Gambar 3.82 Peta CAD Tapak 1 ........................................................... 145

xvi

Gambar 3.83 Foto Ket. Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 1 ............................. 146

Gambar 3.84 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .................................... 148

Gambar 3.85 Peta CAD Tapak 2 ........................................................... 148

Gambar 3.86 Foto ket. Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .............................. 149

Bab IV. Program Arsitektur

Gambar 4.1 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158

Gambar 4.2 Slide Construction ............................................................. 164

Gambar 4.3 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 164

Gambar 4.4 Struktur Seluncur ............................................................... 164

Gambar 4.5 Pondasi Batu Kali Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ...................... 167

Gambar 4.6 Pondasi Footplat Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ........................ 167

Gambar 4.7 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela .................................. 169

Gambar 4.8 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ......................... 169

Gambar 4.9 Lampu Taman ................................................................... 170

Gambar 4.10 Spot Light Kolam Renang ................................................ 170

Gambar 4.11 Spot Light Pohon ............................................................. 170

Gambar 4.12 Estetika Lampu Dalam Ruang ......................................... 171

Gambar 4.13 Pohon Tanjung ................................................................ 172

Gambar 4.14 Pohon Asem Jawa .......................................................... 172

Gambar 4.15 Pohon Trembesi .............................................................. 172

Gambar 4.16 Pohon Palem Poenix ....................................................... 172

Gambar 4.17 Pohon Glodokan Tiang .................................................... 172

Gambar 4.18 Batu Bata ........................................................................ 172

Gambar 4.19 Batu Alam ........................................................................ 172

xvii

Gambar 4.20 Paving Block Berumput ................................................... 173

Gambar 4.21 Bangku Taman ................................................................ 173

Gambar 4.22 Gazebo ........................................................................... 173

Gambar 4.23 Lampu Jalan .................................................................... 173

Gambar 4.24 Lampu Taman ................................................................. 173

Gambar 4.25 Sclupture ......................................................................... 174

Gambar 4.26 Rambu-rambu ................................................................. 174

Gambar 4.27 Papan Penunjuk Jalan .................................................... 174

Gambar 4.28 Tong Sampah .................................................................. 174

Gambar 4.29 Area Parkir ...................................................................... 175

Gambar 4.30 Area Parkir Tampak Depan ............................................. 175

Gambar 4.31 Area Parkir Tampak Atas ................................................ 175

Gambar 4.32 Fire Hydrant .................................................................... 176

Gambar 4.33 Pillar Hydrant ................................................................... 176

Gambar 4.34 Sprinkle ........................................................................... 176

Gambar 4.35 Smoke Detectore ............................................................. 176

Gambar 4.36 Jet Pump ......................................................................... 177

Gambar 4.38 Sistem Sirkulasi Air Kolam .............................................. 178

Gambar 4.39 Pompa Air ....................................................................... 179

Gambar 4.40 Filter ................................................................................ 179

Gambar 4.41 Heater ............................................................................. 179

Gambar 4.42 Return ............................................................................. 179

Gambar 4.43 Tank Water Treatment ..................................................... 181

Gambar 4.44 Skema Water Treatment System ..................................... 181

Gambar 4.45 Peta CAD Alternatif Tapak 2 ........................................... 187

xviii

Gambar 4.46 Kondisi Jalan ................................................................... 187

Gambar 4.47 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 187

Gambar 4.48 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 188

Gambar 4.49 Kondisi Sungai Pada Tapak ............................................ 188

Gambar 4.50 Vegetasi Pada Tapak ...................................................... 188

Gambar 4.51 Kondisi Jalan Tapak ........................................................ 188

Bab V. Kajian Teori

Gambar 5.1 Tree Tenants ....................................................................... 195

Gambar 5.2 Window Right ...................................................................... 196

Gambar 5.3 Uneven Floor....................................................................... 196

Gambar 5.4 Hot Springs Village .............................................................. 198

Gambar 5.5 Atap Hot Springs Village ..................................................... 199

Gambar 5.6 Fasad Bangunan Hot Springs Village .................................. 199

Gambar 5.7 The Forest Spiral ................................................................. 200

Gambar 5.8 Fasad Menara The Forest Spiral ......................................... 201

Gambar 5.9 Pohon Kontrol Radiasi Matahari .......................................... 210

Gambar 5.10 Pohon Pengendali Angin ................................................... 210

Gambar 5.11 Pohon Peredam Bising ...................................................... 210

Gambar 5.12 Pohon Penyaring Udara .................................................... 211

Gambar 5.13 Pohon Kelapa .................................................................... 211

Gambar 5.14 Pohon Flamboyant ............................................................ 211

Gambar 5.15 Pohon Beringin .................................................................. 211

Gambar 5.16 Ruang Bentuk Lorong ....................................................... 213

Gambar 5.17 Ruang Bentuk Linier .......................................................... 213

xix

Gambar 5.18 Ruang Bentuk Geometris .................................................. 213

Gambar 5.19 Ruang Bentuk Mekanis ..................................................... 213

Gambar 5.20 Pencapaian Frontal ........................................................... 214

Gambar 5.21 Pencapaian Kesamping .................................................... 214

Gambar 5.22 Pencapaian Memutar ........................................................ 214

Gambar 5.23 Waterboom Bali ................................................................. 215

xx

DAFTAR TABEL


Tabel 2.1 Waktu Operasional ................................................................. 20

Tabel 2.2 Data Kunjungan Wisatawan .................................................. 28

Tabel 2.3 Data Perkembangan Pengunjung ........................................... 28

Tabel 2.4 Luas Wilayah Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ........................... 29

Tabel 2.5 Data Pengunjung Water Blaster ............................................. 37

Tabel 2.6 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water Blaster ..................................... 42

Tabel 2.7 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water World ...................................... 45

Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur

Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokkan Pelaku ........................................................ 49

Tabel 3.2 Aktivitas Utama ...................................................................... 51

Tabel 3.3 Aktivitas Pendukung Utama .................................................... 51

Tabel 3.4 Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................. 52

Tabel 3.5 Aktivitas Servis ........................................................................ 54

Tabel 3.6 Keterangan Waktu Aktivitas Pelaku ........................................ 57

Tabel 3.7 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................... 60

Tabel 3.8 Kebutuhan Ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ................................... 63

Tabel 3.9 Studi Jumlah Pelaku ............................................................... 73

Tabel 3.10 Data Pengunjung Wisata Situ Bolang ................................... 74

Tabel 3.11 Besaran Ruang Area Wahana Permainan Air ...................... 78

Tabel 3.12 Besaran Ruang Area Pendukung Utama .............................. 80

Tabel 3.13 Besaran Ruang Area Penunjang .......................................... 83

Tabel 3.14 Besaran Ruang Area Pengelola ........................................... 84

xxi

Tabel 3.15 Besaran Ruang Area Servis ................................................. 87

Tabel 3.16 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Indoor ..................................... 90

Tabel 3.17 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Outdoor .................................. 91

Tabel 3.18 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Beton .................................... 96

Tabel 3.19 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Kayu ..................................... 97

Tabel 3.20 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Baja Ringan .......................... 98

Tabel 3.21 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Space Truss ......................... 99

Tabel 3.22 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Masif ................................ 101

Tabel 3.23 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Struktur Rangka ............................ 101

Tabel 3.24 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Struktur Dinding Sejajar ................ 102

Tabel 3.25 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Batu Bata ......................... 103

Tabel 3.26 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Kaca ................................ 103

Tabel 3.27 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Batu Alam ..................................... 104

Tabel 3.28 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding ACP ................................. 104

Tabel 3.29 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Ubin .............................................. 106

Tabel 3.30 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Batu Kali ......................... 107

Tabel 3.31 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Footplat ........................... 108

Tabel 3.32 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ........... 109

Tabel 3.33 Kecamatan di Kab. Indramayu ............................................. 139

Tabel 3.34 Keadaan Geografis Wilayah Kab. Indramayu ....................... 141


Tabel 4.1 Program Ruang ...................................................................... 159

Tabel 4.2 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Indoor ......................................... 162

Tabel 4.3 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Outdoor ...................................... 162

xxii

Bab V. Kajian Teori

Tabel 5.1 Analisis Bangunan Karya Hundertwasser ............................... 202

Tabel 5.2 Peletakan Tanaman ............................................................... 212

xxiii

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Bab I. Pendahuluan

Diagram 1.1 Bagian Alur Pikir ............................................................... 8


Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola ........................................... 19

Bab III. Analisa pendekatan Program Arsitektur

Diagram 3.1 Skema Pola Aktifitas Pengunjung ...................................... 55

Diagram 3.2 Skema Pola Aktivitas Pengelola dan Karyawan ................. 56

Diagram 3.3 Skema Pola Aktivitas Servis .............................................. 56

Diagram 3.4 Zoning Makro ..................................................................... 62

Diagram 3.5 Zoning Mikro ...................................................................... 63

Diagram 3.6 Pola Aktivitas Pendaki ....................................................... 66

Diagram 3.7 Proses Pembuatan Kolam Renang .................................... 72

Diagram 3.8 Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................... 110

Diagram 3.9 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ........................................................ 121

Diagram 3.10 Aliran Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................ 122

Diagram 3.11 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ......................................... 123

Diagram 3.12 Jaringan Air Kolam .......................................................... 123

Diagram 3.13 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ......................................... 124

Diagram 3.14 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 125

Diagram 3.15 Sistem Komunikasi Eksternal............................................ 125

Diagram 3.16 Sistem Penanganan Kebakaran ...................................... 128

xxiv


Diagram 4.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................. 157

Diagram 4.2 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158

Diagram 4.3 Skenario Hubungan Antar Ruang ...................................... 160

Diagram 4.4 Pencahayaan Alami ............................................................ 169

Diagram 4.5 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih .................................................. 177

Diagram 4.6 Jet Pump ............................................................................ 176

Diagram 4.7 Skema Water Treatment System ........................................ 178

Diagram 4.8 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ............................................ 182

Diagram 4.9 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ............................................ 183

Diagram 4.10 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ....................................................... 184

Diagram 4.11 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 185

Diagram 4.12 Sistem Komunikasi Ekternal ............................................. 186

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