No. Nama Minyak Nama Dagang Nama Tanaman Penyebaran Kandungan Senyawa Kegunaan

1.Adas

Fennel Oil

Foenicullum vulgare

Di Indonesia : Semarang dan Salatiga [1]

Di Luar Indonesia : Eropa Selatan dan Mediterania [2]

Limonene, Fenchone, Estragole, dan trans-Anethole [2]

Flavor, Rempah, Sabun, Krim, Parfum, Pengobatan, Kosmetik

2. Akar wangi

Vetiver OilVetiveria zizanoides Indonesia (Kabupaten

Garut, Jawa Barat dan Karang Anyar, Jawa Tengah), Haiti, India, Reunion. [3]

Asam benzoat, vetiverol, furfurol, -vetivone, -vetivone, vetivene, vetivenil vetivenat. [3]

Parfum, Sabun, Kosmetik, Sebagai Fiksatif

3. Bangle Bangle Oil

Zingiber cassummunar

Asia Selatan, khususnya Thailand dan Indonesia. [4]

Leaf essential oil: Sabinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, caryophyllene, -pinene

Rhizome oil : triquinacene,1,4-bis (methoxy), (Z)-ocimene, terpinen-4-ol, γ-terpinene, β-phellandrene

Farmasi

4. Cendana

Sandalwood Oil Santalum album India, cina, srilanka, indonesia, malaysia, filipina, dan australia utara.

Santalols, santyl acetate, santalenes.[3]

Antibakteri, Antiseptik, Desinfektan, Ekspektoran, Sedatif, Stimulan, dan Refrigeran.

5. Cengkeh Clove Oil Syzygium aromaticum Indonesia (Pulau Maluku), Madagaskar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, dan Sri Lanka. [3]

Eugenol, eugenil asetat, caryophyllene,isocaryophyllene. [3]

Flavor, Antibiotik

 

6. Gaharu

Agarwood Oil Aquilaria sp. Indonesia, Kamboja, Thailand, Vietnam, China. [19]

Caryophyllene oksida, sesquiterpenes, cubenol, baimuxinal, -copaen-11-ol, santalol. [19]

Parfum, Kosmetika, dan Obat-obatan

7. Gandapura

Wintergreen OilGaultheria fragrantissima Asia, Amerika utara

dan selatan, IndiaMethyl sacylate derivatives, C6-C3 constituents, terpenoid, steroid

Parfum, Obat-obatan, Flavor

8. Jahe Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale India, China, South East Asia, Tiongkok, jepang, timur tengah

mono and sesquiterpenes; camphene,

Pengobatan tradisional, Penyedap Makanan (Flavor)

betaphellandrene,

curcumene, cineole.

9. Jeringau

Calamus OilAcarus calamu

s

India, Vashampu, Baje, Telugu.

Terpenoid, steroid, xanthones, lignin, flavon.

Farmasi  

11. Jeruk Purut Lime Oil Citrus hystrix Thailand, kamboja, laos, filipina, myanmar, vietnam

Citronellal, limonene, terpinene-4-ol, α-terpineol

Makanan, Parfum

12. Kapolaga

Cardamon OilElletaria cardamomum

South India, Srilanka 1,8-cineole, linalool, α-terpenyl acetate

Farmasi

13. Kayu Manis

Cinnamon Bark Oil

Cinnamomum casea

Asia Timur-Selatan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, China, dan Vietnam. [3]

Eugenol, eugenol asetat, sinamat aldehid, benzyl benzoate. [3]

Penyedap Rasa, Flavor

14. Kayu Putih Cajuput Oil Melaleuca leucadendron Australia Utara, Papua Nugini, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Kamboja, Vietnam

-pinene, -pinene, myrcene, -terpinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, -terpinene, p-cymene, terpinolene, linalool,

Obat Gosok, Farmasi

terpinen-4-ol, -terpineol. [3]

15.Kemangi

Basil OilOcimum grattisimum

Afrika, madagaskar, asia selatan

Eugenol, methyl eugenol, cis-ocimene, germacrene-D, transcaryophyllene

Farmasi, Makanan, Pestisida Nabati

16. Kemukus Cubeb Oil Piper cubeba L. Indonesia, Afrika Timur

Kubebin, hinokinin, klusin, dihidrokubebin, dihidro-klusin, kubebinin yatein, kubebino-lida, kordigerin, isoyatein (2R,3R)-2-(3",4"-metilen-dioksi-benzil)-3-(3',4'-dimetoksi-benzil) butirolakton

Flavor Saus, Minuman Beralkohol, Fragrance pada Sabun, Detergen, Krim, Parfum, Obat Radang, Bronchitis, Asma, dll.

17. Kenanga

Cananga Oil Canangium odoratum Indonnesia, filipina Caryophyllene, benzyl asetat, benzyl alcohol, farnesol, terpineol, borneol, geranil asetat. [3]

Aromaterapi, Parfum, Kosmetik

18. Ketumbar

Coriander OilCoriandrum sativum

Bangladesh, India, Russia, central Europe and Morocco

2-decenoic acid, E-11-tetradecenoic acid, capric acid, undecyl alcohol, tridecanoic acid

Makanan, Farmasi

19. Klausena Clausena/Anis Oil Clausena anisata India, Srilangka, Australia, Malaysia, dan Indonesia.[18]

-pinene, sabinene, germacrene-D, estragole, dan linalool. [18]

Farmasi, Minuman, Parfum, Rokok, Permen Karet, Pasta Gigi

20. Kunyit

Curcuma OilCurcuma domestica

Afrika dan Asia. [17] -phellandrene, 1-8-cineole, terpinolene, dan p-cymene. [17]

Flavour, Farmasi

21. Lada

Black Pepper OilPiper nigrum India, Vietnam,

Indonesia (Kepulauan Bangka), Brazil. [3]

Limonene, Pinene, Myrcene, Phellandrene, Beta-caryophyllene, beta-bisabolene, sabinene, linalool, pinocarveol, alpha-terpineol, camphene, alpha-terpenene. [3]

Flavor pada produk Makanan & Minuman, Antimikroba

22. Lawang - Lawang Mediteranian, China, Vietnam. [16]

Anethole, metacholine, carbachol. [16]

Obat gosok, minyak angin

23. Masoi

Massoi OilCriptocaria massoia

Papua Nugini. [15] C-10 (5,6-dihidro-6-pentil-2H-piran-2-one_ dan C-12 (5,6-dihidro-6-heptil-2H-piran-2-one) massoia lakton, benzyl benzoate.[15]

Flavour Makanan

24. Melati

Jasmine Oil Jasminum sambac Asia. [14] Linalool, metal anthranilate, cis-jasmone, dihidromyrcenol, benzyl asetat, asam asetat, fenetil ester, asam sinamat metal ester, indol. [14]

Parfum, Aromaterapi, Kosmetik

25. Nilam Patchouli Oil Pogostemon cablin Benth Sebagai Fiksatif pada

Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, India, China [3]

Patchoulol, Esters, beta-caryophyllene. [3]

pembuatan parfum

26. Pala

Nutmeg OilMyristica fragrans Houtt

Indonesia (Sulawesi). Malaysia, Grenada, Karibia, India [3]

Terpinen-4-ol, pinene, sabinene, cineole, camphene, limonene, myristicin, alpha terpenene. [3]

Flavor pd Makanan, Rokok

27. Palmarosa

Palmarosa OilCymbopogon martini

India dan Turki. [13] Linalool, -caryophyllene, dan E,Z-farnesol. [13]

Farmasi

28. Permen Cormint Oil Mentha arvensis India Utara, Jepang. L-menthone, menthol, Flavor, Parfum, Pasta

[12] ismenthone, eucalyptol, piperitone oksida, carvone, di-limonene, trans-dihidrocarvone, germacrene-D. [12]

gigi, Permen

29. Rosemari

Rosemari Oil Rosmarinus officinale Mediterania [11] Carnosic acid, carnosol, dan 4’, 7’-dimetoksi-5-hidroksi-flavon. [11]

Farmasi

30. Selasih Mekah Basil Oil (Eugenol type)

Ocimum grattisimum Papua Nugini [10] Thymol, p-cymeme, dan -terpene, t-sabiene hidrat. [10]

Farmasi, Makanan

31. Sereh Dapur

Lemongrass Oil Cymbopogon citrates Brazil, Indian Barat. [9]

Citral, geranil asetat, linalil asetat, geranial, neral, limonene, myrcene, beta-caryophyllene. [3]

Makanan, Farmasi

32. Sereh Wangi

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon nardus China dan Indonesia. [3]

Geraniol,citronellol, citronellal. [3]

Flavor, Parfum, Sabun

34. Surawung Pohon Native Myrthle Oil

Backousia citriodora Lokasi Mediterania (Corsica, Tunisia, Lebanon, dan

Limonene, 1,8-cineole, dan myrtenyl asetat. [8]

Farmasi

Yugoslavia). [8]

35. Temulawak

Curcuma Oil Curcuma xanthorizza Indonesia. [7] Camphor, camphene, 1-8-cineole, borneol, -elemene. [7]

Farmasi, Minuman

36. Terpentin

Terpentin OilPinus merkusii

Asia Tenggara, Indonesia (Sumatra, Jawa), Thailand Utara. [5]

-pinene, -pinene. [6]

Kosmetik, Campuran Bahan Pelarut, Minyak Cat, Antiseptik, Kamper, dan Farmasi

37. Ylang-ylang Ylang-ylang Oil Canangium odoratum Indonesia (Jawa), Phillipina, Madagaskar.[4]

Metil benzoate, 4-metilanisol, benzyl benzoate, iso-caryophyllene, germacrene

Bahan dasar parfum

D, -farnesene, linalyl asetat, -caryophyllene, copaene, cadinene. [4]

Minyak atsiri yang disebut juga minyak eteris, minyak terbang atau "essential oil", dipergunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam berbagai industri, misalnya pada industri parfum, kosmetik, "essence", industri farmasi dan "flavoring agent". Dalam pembuatan parfum dan wangi-wangian, minyak atsiri tersebut berfungsi sebagai zat pewangi, terutama minyak atsiri yang berasal dari bunga dan yang berasal dari jenis hewan tertentu. Beberapa jenis minyak atsiri dapat digunakan sebagai zat pengikat bau (fixative) dalam parfum, misalnya minyak nilam, minyak akar wangi dan minyak cendana. Minyak atsiri yang berasal dari rempah-rempah misalnya minyak lada, minyak kayu manis, minyak pala, minyak cengkeh, minyak ketumbar dan minyak jahe, umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan penyedap (flavoring agent) dalam bahan pangan dan minuman.

Daftar rujukan :

[1] Meita, E. K., Erma, P., Sri, H. , 2012, Rendemen Minyak Atsiri dan Diameter Organ serta Ukuran Sel Minyak Tanaman Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) yang Dibudidayakan di Kabupaten Semarang dan Kota Salatiga, Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, Vol XX, 1.

[2] He, W. dan Huang, B., 2011, A review of chemistry and bioactivities of a medicinal spice : Foeniculum vulgare, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Vol 5 (16), pp. 3595-3600.

[3] Indonesian Essential Oil, The Scents of Natural Life, Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia.

[4] Burdock, G.A., Ioana, G.G., 2008, Safety assessment of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga spp.) as a food ingredient, Journal of Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (433-445).

[5] Koskela, J., J., Kuusipalo, W. Sirikul, 1995, Natural regeneration dynamics of Pinus merkusii in northern Thailand, Journal of Forest Ecology Management, 77 (169-179)

[6] Mercier, B., Josiane, P., dan Michael, P., 2009, The essential oil of turpentine and its major volatile fraction (- and -pinenes) : A review, International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Helath, 22(4):331-342.

[7] Angel, G.R., Nirmala, M., B., Vimala, Bala, N., 2014, Essential oil composition of eight starchy Curcuma species, Journal of Industrial Crops and Products 60, 233-238.

[8] Chalchat, J.C., Raymond, P.G., dan Andre, M., 1997, Essential Oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) of the Mediterranean Littoral, Journal of Essential oil Research, 10 (613-617).

[9] Cartini, E.A. Juida De, Armando, R., 2002, Pharmacology of lemongrass (cymbopogon citrates Stapf_. I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. 17 (37-64)

[10] Keita, S.M., Charles, V., Jean, P.S., dan Andre, B., 2000, Essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L., O. gratissimum L., dan O. suave L. in the Republic of Guinea., Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 15 (339-241)

[11] Oluwatuyi, M., Glenn W.K., Simon, G., 2004, Antibacterial and resistance modifying activity of Rosmarinus officinalis, Journal of phytochemistry, 65 (3249-2354)

[12] Vivek, S. Nisha,S, Singh, H., Srivastava, K.D., 2009, Comparative Account on GC-MS Analysis of Mentha Arvensis L., “Corn Mint” From Three Different Location of North India, Int. J. Drug. Dev and Res, 1 (1-9)

[13] Lawrence, L, Reena, L, Dharmendra, P, Rashmi S., 2012, Antioxidant activity of palmarosa essential oil (Cymbopogon martini) grown in north Indian plains, Asian Psific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5765-5768.

[14] Lv, Yi, Fan Yang, Li, X., Xiaoming, Z., Abbas, S., 2014, Formation of heat-resistant nanocapsules of jasmine essential oil via gelatin/gum Arabic based complx coacervation, Journal of Food Hydrocolloids, 35 (305-314).

[15] Rali, T., Stewart, W.W., dan David, N.L., 2007, Comparative Chemical Analysis of the Essential Oil Constituents in the Bark, Heartwood, and Fruits of Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm. Lauraceae) from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Molecule 12, 149-154.

[16] Andallu, B., C.U., Rajeshwari, 2011, Aniseeds (Pimpinella anisum L.) in Health and Disease, 2011, 175-181

[17] Zaibunnisa, A.H., S., Norashikin, S., Mamot, H. Osman., 2009, An experimental design approach for the extraction of volatile compounds from turmeric leaves (Curcuma domestica) using pressurized liquid extrantion (PLE), Journal of Food Science and Technology, 42 (233-238)

[18] Marimutu, G., 2010, Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil from Clausena anisata (Wild.) Hook. F. ex. Benth (Rutaceae) against three mosquito species, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3 (874-877).

[19] Zhang, X.L., Yang, Y.L., Jian, H.W., Yun, Y., Zheng, Z., Jun, Q.H., Huai, Q.C., Yu, J.L., 2012, Production of High-quality agarwood in Aquilaria sinensis trees via whole-tree agarwood-induction technology, Journal of Chinese Chemical Letters, 23 (727-730).

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