tugas akhir citra digital deteksi ph larutan …repository.untag-sby.ac.id/186/1/abstrak.pdf ·...

TUGAS AKHIR

CITRA DIGITAL DETEKSI PH LARUTAN BERDASARKAN

WARNA KERTAS INDIKATOR UNIVERSAL

MENGGUNAKAN METODE EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana

Disusun oleh :

Ridho Bagus Santoso

461304324

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS 17 AGUSTUS 1945 SURABAYA

2017

iii Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, karena atas

berkat dan karuniaNya sehingga penulis akhirnya dapat menyelesaikan penulisan

tugas akhir ini dengan judul :

“CITRA DIGITAL DETEKSI PH LARUTAN BERDASARKAN

WARNA KERTAS INDIKATOR UNIVERSAL MENGGUNAKAN

METODE EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE”.

Tugas akhir ini disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan dalam mendapatkan

gelar Sarjana Teknik (ST) pada Fakultas Teknik, Jurusan Informatika Universitas

17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini, tidak lepas dari

bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini

dengan segala kerendahan hati, penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih

atas segala bantuan dan dukungan kepada :

1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan hikmat dan kemudahan bagi penulis

dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir.

2. Papa, Mama, Novi dan Anya yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan doanya

setiap saat.

3. Bapak Dr. Ir. Muaffaq A. Jani, M.Eng, selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik

Universitas 17 Agystus 1945.

4. Bapak Anton Breva Yunanda, ST, M.MT selaku Ketua Jurusan Informatika

Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 serta selaku Dosen pembimbing yang

membimbing penulis, mengarahkan penulis, sehingga tugas akhir ini dapat

diselesaikan.

5. Ibu Berlian Al Kindhi, S.ST, MT selaku Co Pembimbing yang juga selalu

dengan kesabaran membimbing penulis, memberikan solusi terhadap kesulitan

yang dialami penulis sehingga tugas akhir ini dapat diselesaikan.

iv Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

6. Ibu Fajar Astuti Hermawati, S.Kom, M.Kom, yang telah membimbing

penulis selama menjalani kuliah.

7. Seluruh Dosen Fakultas Teknik Informatika Universitas 17 Agustus 1945

atas bimbingannya selama penulis menjalani kuliah.

8. Teman – teman fakultas Teknik Informatika, atas motivasi serta dukungan

doanya.

9. Dan Semua Pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan semuanya, yang telah

membantu terselesaikannya penulisan tugas akhir ini dengan baik.

Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh

karena itu, saran dan kritik yang membangun dari berbagai pihak penulis harapkan

demi kesempurnaannya.

Harapan Penulis kiranya tugas akhir ini dapat bermanfaat bagi civitas

Akademik Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya dan pembaca pada umumnya.

Surabaya, 2 Juli 2017

Penulis

vi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

ABSTRAK

Nama : Ridho bagus Santoso

Program Studi : Teknik Informatika

Judul : Citra Digital Deteksi Ph Larutan Berdasarkan Warna Kertas

Indikator Universal Menggunakan Metode Euclidean

Distance

Perkembangan teknologi di bidang kimia mulai berkembang pada saat ini.

Namun masih terdapat hal-hal yang dilakukan secara konvensional. Seperti

halnya pada pencocokan warna kertas indikator universal untuk mengetahui

nilai pH, yaitu setelah kertas indikator universal dicelupkan ke sebuah larutan

dan kemudian di lakukan pencocokan ke peta warna yang ada. Dalam proses

pencocokan warna tersebut ternyata masih ada hasil yang kurang tentang

kejelasan warna tersebut.

Dari proses pencocokan warna tersebut, muncul gagasan untuk

mempermudah proses tersebut menggunakan metode pengolahan citra sehingga

kertas indikator universal berwarna yang telah di ambil gambarnya dilakukan

pencitraan menggunakan kamera digital dan diproses menggunakan komputer.

Citra kertas indikator universal akan dilakukan proses pemisahan dengan latar

belakang, kalibrasi cahaya, serta proses pencocokan warna dengan master data

yang ada di dalam database menggunakan penghitungan jarak Euclidean.

Dengan adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan pencocokan warna kertas indikator

universal akan dapat dilakukan dengan lebih mudah dan dengan hasil yang lebih

akurat sehingga akan memberikan alternatif lain untuk pengukuran pH larutan

menggunakan komputerisasi digital dalam bidang yang terkait dengan

kehidupan atau industri pengolahan kimia seperti kimia, biologi, kedokteran,

pertanian, ilmu pangan, keteknikan, dan oseanografi.

Kata Kunci : Citra digital, pH, Asam Basa, K-Mean segmentation, Euclidean

distance

vii Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

ABSTRACT

Nama : Ridho bagus Santoso

Program Studi : Informatics Engineering

Judul : Image Processing pH Liquid Detection Based On the

Universal Indicator Paper Color Using Euclidean Distance

Method

The technology in chemistry begin to develop. But there are some things

that are done conventionally. Like the color matching process of the universal

indicator paper to determine the value of pH. After the universal indicator paper

inserted in a fluids and matching to the color map, there are still difficult to

determine the value of pH based on universal indicator paper color.

From the color matching process, the idea appears to make that process

easier using image processing methods. The colors of universal indicator paper that

has been captured using a digital camera will processed using a computer. The

image of the universal indicator paper will be done so process, that is background

segmentation process, light calibration, and color matching with master data in the

database using Euclidean distance calculations.

This application expected to make the color matching process of universal

indicator paper will be done more easily and more accurate. So it will provide an

alternative to pH measurement using digital computerization in fields that related

to life, or chemical processing like chemistry , Biology, medicine, agriculture, food

science, engineering , and oceanography.

Keywords: Image Processing, pH, Acid Base, K-Mean segmentation, Euclidean

distance

viii Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN DAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TA .............. v

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 3

1.5 Batasan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 3

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................... 3

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 5

2.1 Pengertian Asam Basa ................................................................................... 5

2.2 Pengertian pH Larutan ................................................................................... 5

2.3 Kertas Indikator Universal ............................................................................ 6

2.4 Definisi Citra Digital ..................................................................................... 7

2.5 Format file citra ............................................................................................. 9

2.6 Pengolahan Citra Digital ............................................................................. 10

2.7 Operasi Piksel .............................................................................................. 10

2.7.1 Peningkatan Kecerahan Citra................................................................ 11

2.8 Segmentasi Citra .......................................................................................... 11

2.8.1 Segmentasi K-Means ............................................................................ 12

2.9 Perhitungan Jarak Antara Dua Citra ........................................................... 13

2.9.1 Euclidean Distance ............................................................................... 13

2.10 Borland Delphi .......................................................................................... 13

2.10.1 Komponen T Image ............................................................................ 14

2.10.2 Pengolahan Piksel dengan Scanline .................................................... 14

ix Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

BAB 3 PERANCANGAN SISTEM ................................................................... 16

3.1 Deskripsi ...................................................................................................... 16

3.2 Gambaran Umum ........................................................................................ 16

3.2.1 Image Preprocessing ............................................................................. 16

3.2.2 Object Segmentation ............................................................................. 16

3.2.3 Feature Extraction ................................................................................. 17

3.2.4 Matching ............................................................................................... 17

3.3 Perancangan Sistem Deteksi pH Larutan .................................................... 17

3.3.1 Image to Bitmap.................................................................................... 18

3.3.2 Red Channel Extraction ........................................................................ 18

3.3.3 K-Means Segmentation ........................................................................ 20

3.3.6 Light Calibration ................................................................................... 26

3.3.7 Color Matching ..................................................................................... 27

3.3.8 Desain Tabel ......................................................................................... 28

3.3.9 Desain Tampilan ................................................................................... 29

BAB 4 IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGUJIAN SISTEM ................................. 32

4.1 Deskripsi ...................................................................................................... 32

4.2 Pembuatan Database .................................................................................... 32

4.3 Pengambilan Citra Kertas Indikator Universal............................................ 35

4.5 Implemetasi JPG to BMP ............................................................................ 36

4.6 Implemetasi Red Channel Extraction .......................................................... 37

4.7 Implemetasi K- Means Segmentation ........................................................ 38

4.8 Implemetasi Light Calibration ..................................................................... 41

4.9 Implemetasi Color Matching ....................................................................... 42

4.10 Implemetasi Desain Tampilan ................................................................... 44

4.10.1 Halaman Deteksi pH ........................................................................... 44

4.10.2 Halaman Data pH................................................................................ 46

4.10.2 Halaman Master Data ......................................................................... 47

4.11 Pengujian Sistem ....................................................................................... 48

BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 59

5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 59

5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 59

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 60

x Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Skala pH untuk beberapa zat sehari-hari ............................................. 6

Gambar 2.2 Kertas indikator universal ................................................................... 7

Gambar 2.3 Citra foto ............................................................................................. 7

Gambar 2.4 Citra daun ............................................................................................ 7

Gambar 2.4 Penyimpanan nilai citra biner .............................................................. 8

Gambar 2.4 Penyimpanan nilai citra grayscale ...................................................... 8

Gambar 2.4 Penyimpanan nilai citra warna ............................................................ 9

Gambar 2.5 Citra sebelum dicerahkan .................................................................. 11

Gambar 2.6 Citra sesudah dicerahkan ................................................................... 11

Gambar 2.7 Komponen Timage di kategori Additional di Tool Pallete ............... 14

Gambar 2.8 Ilustrasi Scanline ............................................................................... 15

Gambar 3.1 Blok diagram gambaran umum ......................................................... 16

Gambar 3.2 Blok diagram rancangan sistem ........................................................ 17

Gambar 3.3 Contoh nilai RGB pada citra kertas indikator universal ................... 18

Gambar 3.4 Contoh nilai RGB pada TImage baru ................................................ 19

Gambar 3.5 Flowchart Red Channel extraction .................................................... 19

Gambar 3.6 Flowchart K-Means segmentation (a) ............................................... 21

Gambar 3.7 Flowchart K-Means segmentation (b) ............................................... 22

Gambar 3.8 Flowchart cropping ........................................................................... 23

Gambar 3.9 Citra pH ............................................................................................. 24

Gambar 3.10 Nilai red........................................................................................... 24

Gambar 3.11 Nilai green ....................................................................................... 24

Gambar 3.12 Nilai blue ......................................................................................... 24

Gambar 3.13 Flowchart get RGB ......................................................................... 25

xi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Gambar 3.14 Flowchart light calibration.............................................................. 26

Gambar 3.15 Flowchart color matching ............................................................... 27

Gambar 3.16 Halaman deteksi pH ........................................................................ 29

Gambar 3.17 Halaman data deteksi pH................................................................. 30

Gambar 3.18 Halaman master data pH ................................................................. 31

Gambar 4.1 Peta warna ......................................................................................... 32

Gambar 4.2 Objek citra ......................................................................................... 33

Gambar 4.3 Background citra ............................................................................... 33

Gambar 4.4 Citra pH 1 .......................................................................................... 33

Gambar 4.5 Nilai red pH 1 .................................................................................... 33

Gambar 4.6 Nilai green pH 1 ................................................................................ 33

Gambar 4.7 Nilai blue pH 1 .................................................................................. 33

Gambar 4.8 Citra background ............................................................................... 34

Gambar 4.9 Nilai red background ......................................................................... 34

Gambar 4.10 Nilai green background ................................................................... 34

Gambar 4.11 Nilai blue background ..................................................................... 34

Gambar 4.12 Citra resolusi 3264 x 1836 (.jpg) ..................................................... 36

Gambar 4.13 Citra resolusi 250 x 200 (.bmp) ....................................................... 36

Gambar 4.14 Red channel extraction .................................................................... 37

Gambar 4.15 Green channel extraction ................................................................ 37

Gambar 4.16 Blue channel extraction ................................................................... 38

Gambar 4.17 K-Means termodifikasi .................................................................... 39

Gambar 4.18 Segmentasi K-Means tanpa modifikasi ........................................... 39

Gambar 4.19 Segmentasi K-Means termodifikasi ................................................ 39

Gambar 4.20 Iterasi K-Means (1).......................................................................... 40


xii Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya




Gambar 4.25 Iterasi K-Means (10)........................................................................ 40

Gambar 4.26 Larutan 1 dengan cahaya lampu pijar ............................................. 41

Gambar 4.27 Larutan 2 dengan cahaya lampu pijar ............................................. 41

Gambar 4.28 Citra objek ....................................................................................... 42

Gambar 4.29 Citra background putih ................................................................... 42

Gambar 4.30 Halaman deteksi pH ........................................................................ 44

Gambar 4.31 Implementasi button browse ........................................................... 45

Gambar 4.32 Implementasi button proses ............................................................. 45

Gambar 4.33 Halaman button reset ...................................................................... 46

Gambar 4.34 Halaman data pH ............................................................................. 46

Gambar 4.35 Implementasi pencarian data ........................................................... 47

Gambar 4.36 Implementasi button hapus.............................................................. 47

Gambar 4.37 Halaman master data ....................................................................... 48

xiii Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Master data pH ...................................................................................... 28

Tabel 3.2 Data deteksi pH ..................................................................................... 29

Tabel 4.1 Spesifikasi laptop .................................................................................. 32

Tabel 4.2 Master data pH ...................................................................................... 35

Tabel 4.3 Spesifikasi handphone .......................................................................... 36

Tabel 4.4 Perbandingan resolusi ........................................................................... 37

Tabel 4.5 Perbandingan K-Means ......................................................................... 40

Tabel 4.6 Perbandingan light calibration .............................................................. 41

Tabel 4.7 Nilai RGB citra kertas indikator universal ............................................ 42

Tabel 4.8 Nilai RGB master data pH 1 ................................................................. 43

Tabel 4.9 Database master pH .............................................................................. 49

Tabel 4.10 Pengujian pencahayaan lampu LED ................................................... 51

Tabel 4.11 Pengujian pencahayaan lampu pijar .................................................... 25

tugas akhir citra digital deteksi ph larutan …repository.untag-sby.ac.id/186/1/abstrak.pdf ·...

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