REKAYASA GENETIKA

Pengertian Teknologi rekayasa genetika merupakan

transplantasi atau pencangkokan satu gen lainnya dimana dapat bersifat antar gen dan dapat pula lintas gen yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pruduk baru yang unggul. Rekayasa genetika juga diartikan sebagai perpindahan gen.

Contoh

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)• Insulin• Vaksin• Terapi Gen

Sintesis Insulin

Pengertian PCR

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) merupakan teknik yang sangat berguna dalam membuat salinan DNA. PCR memungkinkan sejumlah kecil sekuens DNA tertentu disalin (jutaan kali) untuk diperbanyak (ssehingga dapat dianalisis) atau dimodifikasi secara tertentu.

3 Tahapan PCR3 Tahapan PCR

1.1. Tahap peleburan (melting) atau denaturasiTahap peleburan (melting) atau denaturasi2.2. Tahap penempelan atau annealingTahap penempelan atau annealing3.3. Tahap pemanjangan atau elongasiTahap pemanjangan atau elongasi Lepas tahap 3, siklus diulang kembali Lepas tahap 3, siklus diulang kembali

mulai tahap 1mulai tahap 1 Perkembangan pada siklus-siklus Perkembangan pada siklus-siklus

selanjutnyaselanjutnya

PROSES PCR5`3`3`5`

3`5`

5`3`

3`

5`

5`

3`

5`5`

3`3`

5`3`5` 3`

5`3`5` 3`

5`3`5` 3`

5`3`5` 3`

5`3`5` 3`

5`3`5` 3`

1

2

3

4

RNA polymerase

primer

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

DNA

Pengertian Terapi GenPengertian Terapi Gen

Terapi gen adalah teknik untuk mengoreksi Terapi gen adalah teknik untuk mengoreksi gen-gen yang cacat yang bertanggung gen-gen yang cacat yang bertanggung jawab terhadap suatu penyakit atau jawab terhadap suatu penyakit atau perbaikan kelainan genetik dengan perbaikan kelainan genetik dengan memperbaiki gen.memperbaiki gen.

Terapi GenTerapi Gen

Kucing Hasil KloningKucing Hasil Kloning

Stem CellStem Cell

Rekayasa Genetik

StepsSteps

1.1. Scientists use restriction enzymes to Scientists use restriction enzymes to isolate a segment of deoxyribonucleic isolate a segment of deoxyribonucleic

acid (DNA) that contains a gene of acid (DNA) that contains a gene of interest—for example, the gene interest—for example, the gene regulating insulin production. regulating insulin production.

2. A plasmid removed from a bacterium and 2. A plasmid removed from a bacterium and treated with the same restriction enzyme treated with the same restriction enzyme binds with the DNA fragment to form a binds with the DNA fragment to form a hybrid plasma.hybrid plasma.

3.The hybrid plasmid is re-inserted back 3.The hybrid plasmid is re-inserted back into the bacterium, where it replicates as into the bacterium, where it replicates as part of the cell’s DNA. part of the cell’s DNA.

4. A large number of identical daughter 4. A large number of identical daughter cells (clones) can be cultured and their cells (clones) can be cultured and their gene products extracted for humangene products extracted for human

Restriction EnzymeRestriction Enzyme

Produced by some kinds of bacteria, Produced by some kinds of bacteria, restriction enzymes recognize specific restriction enzymes recognize specific sequences of DNA and cut the double sequences of DNA and cut the double strand where the sequence occurs. strand where the sequence occurs.

Treating the DNA of two different organisms Treating the DNA of two different organisms with the same restriction enzyme produces with the same restriction enzyme produces complementary fragments, or fragments complementary fragments, or fragments with ends that fit together. with ends that fit together.

These can be combined in a hybrid DNA These can be combined in a hybrid DNA molecule that, if part of a living cell, molecule that, if part of a living cell, expresses traits of bothexpresses traits of both

Proses Terapi Gen

virus

Gen penyakit

Gen penyembuh

manipulasi

Di injeksi sel tubuh

Gen penyembuhKeluar dari virus

Sintesis protein

Menghasilkan proteinnormal