Download - REKAYASA GENETIKA
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REKAYASA GENETIKA
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Pengertian Teknologi rekayasa genetika merupakan
transplantasi atau pencangkokan satu gen lainnya dimana dapat bersifat antar gen dan dapat pula lintas gen yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pruduk baru yang unggul. Rekayasa genetika juga diartikan sebagai perpindahan gen.
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Contoh
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)• Insulin• Vaksin• Terapi Gen
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Sintesis Insulin
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Pengertian PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) merupakan teknik yang sangat berguna dalam membuat salinan DNA. PCR memungkinkan sejumlah kecil sekuens DNA tertentu disalin (jutaan kali) untuk diperbanyak (ssehingga dapat dianalisis) atau dimodifikasi secara tertentu.
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3 Tahapan PCR3 Tahapan PCR
1.1. Tahap peleburan (melting) atau denaturasiTahap peleburan (melting) atau denaturasi2.2. Tahap penempelan atau annealingTahap penempelan atau annealing3.3. Tahap pemanjangan atau elongasiTahap pemanjangan atau elongasi Lepas tahap 3, siklus diulang kembali Lepas tahap 3, siklus diulang kembali
mulai tahap 1mulai tahap 1 Perkembangan pada siklus-siklus Perkembangan pada siklus-siklus
selanjutnyaselanjutnya
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PROSES PCR5`3`3`5`
3`5`
5`3`
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5`
5`
3`
5`5`
3`3`
5`3`5` 3`
5`3`5` 3`
5`3`5` 3`
5`3`5` 3`
5`3`5` 3`
5`3`5` 3`
1
2
3
4
RNA polymerase
primer
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
DNA
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Pengertian Terapi GenPengertian Terapi Gen
Terapi gen adalah teknik untuk mengoreksi Terapi gen adalah teknik untuk mengoreksi gen-gen yang cacat yang bertanggung gen-gen yang cacat yang bertanggung jawab terhadap suatu penyakit atau jawab terhadap suatu penyakit atau perbaikan kelainan genetik dengan perbaikan kelainan genetik dengan memperbaiki gen.memperbaiki gen.
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Terapi GenTerapi Gen
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Kucing Hasil KloningKucing Hasil Kloning
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Stem CellStem Cell
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Rekayasa Genetik
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StepsSteps
1.1. Scientists use restriction enzymes to Scientists use restriction enzymes to isolate a segment of deoxyribonucleic isolate a segment of deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) that contains a gene of acid (DNA) that contains a gene of interest—for example, the gene interest—for example, the gene regulating insulin production. regulating insulin production.
2. A plasmid removed from a bacterium and 2. A plasmid removed from a bacterium and treated with the same restriction enzyme treated with the same restriction enzyme binds with the DNA fragment to form a binds with the DNA fragment to form a hybrid plasma.hybrid plasma.
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3.The hybrid plasmid is re-inserted back 3.The hybrid plasmid is re-inserted back into the bacterium, where it replicates as into the bacterium, where it replicates as part of the cell’s DNA. part of the cell’s DNA.
4. A large number of identical daughter 4. A large number of identical daughter cells (clones) can be cultured and their cells (clones) can be cultured and their gene products extracted for humangene products extracted for human
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Restriction EnzymeRestriction Enzyme
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Produced by some kinds of bacteria, Produced by some kinds of bacteria, restriction enzymes recognize specific restriction enzymes recognize specific sequences of DNA and cut the double sequences of DNA and cut the double strand where the sequence occurs. strand where the sequence occurs.
Treating the DNA of two different organisms Treating the DNA of two different organisms with the same restriction enzyme produces with the same restriction enzyme produces complementary fragments, or fragments complementary fragments, or fragments with ends that fit together. with ends that fit together.
These can be combined in a hybrid DNA These can be combined in a hybrid DNA molecule that, if part of a living cell, molecule that, if part of a living cell, expresses traits of bothexpresses traits of both
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Proses Terapi Gen
virus
Gen penyakit
Gen penyembuh
manipulasi
Di injeksi sel tubuh
Gen penyembuhKeluar dari virus
Sintesis protein
Menghasilkan proteinnormal