8/18/2019 Komplikasi Dari Faringitis

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Salah satu komplikasi dari faringitis adalah Lemierre's syndrome

Patofisiologi Lemierre's syndrome

Lemierre's syndrome is initiated by an infection of the head and neck region. Usually this

infection is a pharyngitis (which occurred in 87.! of patients as reported by a literature

re"iew#$%& but it can also be initiated by an otitis a mastoiditis a sinusitis or a parotitis.

uring the primary infection F. necrophorum coloni)es the infection site and the infection

spreads to the parapharyngeal space. *he bacteria then in"ade the peritonsillar blood "essels

where they can spread to the internal +ugular "ein.#,%  -n this "ein the bacteria cause the

formation of a thrombus  containing these bacteria. urthermore the internal +ugular "ein

 becomes inflamed. *his septic thrombophlebitis can gi"e rise to septic microemboli#/%  that

disseminate to other parts of the body where they can form abscesses and septic infarctions.

*he first capillaries  that the emboli encounter where they can nestle themsel"es are the

 pulmonary capillaries. 0s a conse1uence the most fre1uently in"ol"ed site of septic

metastases are the lungs followed by the +oints (knee hip sternocla"icular +oint shoulder 

and elbow#2%&. -n the lungs the bacteria cause abscesses nodulary and ca"itary lesions.

Pleural effusion is often present.#$% 3ther sites in"ol"ed in septic metastasis and abscess

formation are the muscles and soft tissues li"er spleen kidneys and ner"ous system

(intracranial abscesses meningitis&.#,%

Production of bacterial to4ins such as lipopolysaccharide leads to secretion of cytokines  by

white blood cells which then both lead to symptoms of sepsis.  F. necrophorum  produces

hemagglutinin  which causes platelet aggregation that can lead to diffuse intra"ascular 

coagulation and thrombocytopenia.#%#5%

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Chirinos-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastoiditishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapharyngeal_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_jugular_veinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Syed-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_jugular_veinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombophlebitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_embolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_embolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternoclavicular_articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Chirinos-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Syed-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Kanoe-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Hagelskjaer-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastoiditishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapharyngeal_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_jugular_veinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Syed-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_jugular_veinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombophlebitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_embolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternoclavicular_articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Chirinos-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Syed-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Kanoe-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Hagelskjaer-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome#cite_note-Chirinos-5