dasar penyakit infeksi

7/25/2019 Dasar Penyakit Infeksi

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DASAR PENYAKIT INFEKSI

dr. Enty SpMK

Dept Mikrobiologi

FKUAJ


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Dasar Terjadinya Infeksi

Proses Infeksi

Patogenesis & Virulensi akteri

akteri Anaero!


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DASAR TERJADINYA

PENYAKIT INFEKSI

Mikroba

o!t " pe#a$%

&ertebrata

$an%!ia

interak!i

'ingk%ngan

inte

rak!i in

terak

!i

Mengembangkan

karakteristik

untuk dapatmelewati

pertahananhost

langkah2sampai

terjadinyapenyakitinfeksi


4/49

Koloni!a!i (rgan yang kontak dengan lingk%ngan l%ar )k%lit* !al %rogenital* rongga

$%l%t* !al na+a! ata!* dll,

Pelekatan )adherence / attachment,

Penyebaran lokal " !i!te$ik

M%ltiplika!i

Mele-ati " $engindar dari pertaanan pe#a$%

Kel%ar dari t%b% )shedding / transfer, Ker%!akan !el " #aringan pada pe#a$%

'angka / langka ter#adinya

penyakit in+ek!i

IN

(UT


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Colonization

Adherence/ Attachment, entry into body

Local / general Spreadin the body Multiplication

Evasion of host defenses

Shedding from body (EXIT

!ause Damagein host ("I#EA#E

'angka / langka ter#adinya

penyakit in+ek!iIN

(UT


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PAT(0EN &S N(N PAT(0EN

Nonpathogen:A microorganism that does

not cause disease$ may be part of the

normal flora%

Pathogen:A microorganism capable of

causing disease%

1rook! 0* 1%tel J* Mor!e S. Ja-et2* Melni3k and Adelberg4!. Medi3al

Mi3robiology. 'ange. 56t.M3 0ra-ill.USA.5787.


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Opportunistic pathogen:An agent

capable of causing disease only &hen the

host's resistance is impaired (ie, &hen the

patient is immunocompromised%

Pathogenicity:The ability of an infectious

agent to cause disease% (#ee also

virulence%

1rook! 0* 1%tel J* Mor!e S. Ja-et2* Melni3k and Adelberg4!. Medi3al

Mi3robiology. 'ange. 56t.M3 0ra-ill.USA.5787.


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Pe$bagian $ikroorgani!$e !ebagai

patogen dan non patogen !ering kali tidak

!elal% dapat diaplika!ikan 9onto #%aureus+lora nor$al k%litnon

patogen )JIKA IDUP TETAP DI KU'IT,

MENJADI PAT(0EN KETIKA TEMPAT NYA

DIPINDA* MISA' KE DA'AM JARIN0ANKU'IT " DARA 1AKTEREMIA * A1SES

PAT(0EN


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)ort*d entry

'oka!i di$ana $e$bran $%ko!a berbata!an

dengan k%lit $i!al: Sal na+a! )!al na+a! ata! dan ba-a,

Sal ga!trointe!tinal )ter%ta$a rangga $%l%t,* Sal genital dan %rinari%!

'oka!i " kondi!i abnor$al dari k%lit "

$e$bran $%ko!a '%ka !ayat" l%ka terb%ka* l%ka bakar*dll K%lit dan $%ko!a $e$bran yang nor$al

pertaanan pri$er teradap re!iko in+ek!i.


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Man%!ia dan e-an $e$iliki banyak

!ekali +lora nor$al yang tidak

$enyebabkan penyakit

Diperl%kan kesei"!angan

keperl%an id%p $ikroba $a%p%n pe#a$%ter3apai

DASAR TERJADINYA

PENYAKIT INFEKSI

#+-I-E .0T1 ))A.ATI2


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;at a para!ite " oter $i3robe!

MUST A&Eto !%r


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9onto

#treptococcus pneumoniae,

#taphylococcus aureus

1akteri penyebab penyakit* tapi #%ga

$er%pakan +lora nor$al

1eberapa bakteri yang #ela! patogen

)$i!al:#almonella typhi, dite$%kan dala$

t%b% pe#a$% )!al 3erna, na$%n in+ek!i

ber!i+ak laten " !%bklini! pe#a$%

$er%pakan pe$ba-a )>3arrier?,.


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1AKTERI

Menent%kan bakteri apa !ebagai

penyebab penyakit in+ek!i P(STU'AT K!1

013 4!1*# )#T+LAT 5


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Fi


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9onto

Sal$onella dan 9a$pyloba3ter !p. e-an yang terin+ek!i / prod%k $akanan

B$an%!ia

3%pestis (plague Rodent* rodent +lea! / rodent +lea! /%$an

9lo!tridi%$ !p.

'ingk%nganB$akananB$an%!ia)!%perfringens B ga!troenteriti!,

'ingk%nganBtanaBl%ka terb%ka pada $an%!ia

)!% tetani Btetan%!,


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DASAR TERJADINYA

PENYAKIT INFEKSI

Mikroba

o!t " pe#a$%

&ertebrata

$an%!ia

interak!i

'ingk%ngan

inte

rak!i in

terak

!i

ADAPTASI dari $ikroba dan pe#a$%Interak!i yang !ei$bang

)6ALA2!E" ELATI2#1I),TERINDAR DARI

PENYAKIT INFEKSI

Penyakit

in+ek!i


19/49

Ada di t%b%

Melekat pada !el o!t )bia!anya !el

epitel,

'oka!i in+ek!i pri$er

M%ltiplika!i dan $enyebar )#aringan "

!i!te$ li$+atikaliran dara,

)ba3tere$ia "


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Dasar Terjadinya Infeksi

Proses Infeksi

Patogenesis & Virulensi akteri akteri Anaero!


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Pathogenicity:The ability of an infectious

agent to cause disease%

The !lonal 2ature of 6acterial )athogens

7obile .enetic Elements )athogenicity Islands )PAI,

Patogenita! bakteri


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The !lonal 2ature of 6acterial

)athogens !lonal

Apa it% clonal

T%li! di kerta! yang !%da dibagi )57detik,

1erikan pada te$an kalian di !ebela kiri

1a3akan !e!%ai in!tr%k!i !aya


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9lonality in ba3teria

Isolates of bacterial species that are

indistinguishable in genotype are

assigned as a clone descendedfrom the same recent ancestor

2eed to be assigned by inde8ing genetic

variation that is selectively neutral, and currently

this is best achieved using multilocus

sequence typing%


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The !lonal 2ature of 6acterial

)athogens 9or most pathogens there are only one or

a fe& clonal types that are spread in the

&orld during a period of time

Epide$i3 !erogro%p A $eningo3o33al

$eningiti!

1 influenzaetype b


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7obile genetic elements

To tran!+er geneti3 in+or$ation Pla!$id " page


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E8amples of -irulence 9actors Encoded by

.enes on 7obile .enetic Elements

Plasmid encoded irulence factors

E%coli !eat"labile and heat"stable enteroto#in that causediarrheae

E%coli !emolysin $cytoto#in% in invasive disease or +TI

E%coli and shigellasp%

Adherence factors and genes products involved inmucosal invasion

6%anthracis Capsuleessential for virulence

Phage encoded irulence factors

!lostridiumbotulinum

6otulinum to8in that cause paralysis

!orynebacteriumdiphteriae

"iphteria to8in that inhibits human protein synthesis

-ibrio sp% !holera to8in that cause &atery diarrhea


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PAI 'arge gro%p! o+ gene! tat are a!!o3iated -it patogeni3ity and are

lo3ated on te !a#terial #%ro"oso"e 87 to 577 kb in !i2e.

Ma#or propertie! o+ PAI! :

a


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PAI


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9(NT(

E% coli


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&ir%len!i bakteri

Virulen#e(The :uantitative ability of an

agent to cause disease%

-irulent agents cause disease &hen

introduced into the host in small numbers%

-irulence involves adherence, invasion,

and to8igenicity%


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&ir%len!i bakteri

Adherence 9actors

Invasion of 1ost !ells ; Tissues

To8ins

Enzymes

Antiphagocytic 9actors

Intracellular )athogenicity

Antigenic 1eterogeneity 6acterial #ecretion #ystems < #ecretion type I=-

The e:uirement for Iron

6acterial 6iofilms


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ADEREN9E FA9T(RS

S%r+a3e ydropobi3ity

'igand!: Pili

Fi$briae )Strepto3o33%! gr%p A, 'ipotei3oi3 a3id

Protein F

Protein M


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ECotoCin


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EndotoCin


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En2y$

Ti!!%e Degrading en2y$e 9. per+ringen! / le3itina!e* 3ollagena!e

S. a%re%! / 3oag%la!e

Strepto3o33%! /!treptokina!e )Fibrinoly!in,

Stapylo3o33%!* Strepto3o33%!* anaerob /

yal%ronida!e!

IgA8 Protea!e 2 gonorrhoeae, 2 meningitidis, 1 influenzae,

dan # pneumoniae


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Antipago3yti3 +a3tor!

Protein A / #% aureus

9ap!%l poly!a3aride!Ada 7 tipe pada #treptococcus

pneumoniae

Protein M / #% pyogenesAda 867 tipe protein M


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Intra3ell%lar Patogeni3ity

id%p dala$ poly$orpon%3lear 3ell!*

$a3ropage!* ata% $ono3yte! )M.

t%ber3%lo!i!* 1r%3ella* legionella,

id%p dala$ pagoly!o!o$e


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Antigeni3 eterogeneity

Str%kt%r per$%kaan bakteri dan $.o lain!angat ber


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1io+il$

Sekelo$pok bakteri

)lan>tonic / free living bacterial

Melekat pada per$%kaan yang !olid

Terb%ngk%! "atriks e)o*olisakarida Me$bent%k lapi!an li3in

1io+il$ terbent%k:uorum sensing

$olek%l5!elB!el berko$%nika!i

Mengindari $ekani!$e i$%n o!t* barrier %nt%k

anti$ikroba


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&ir%len!i bakteri


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Sela$at bela#ar


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1E'UM SE'ESAI


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PERTEMUAN 1ERIKUTNYA

KAMIS* 5 (KT(1ER 578@

1UAT PRESENTASI )P(;ER P(INT, PER

(RAN08. Enteroba3teria3eae*

5. P!e%do$onada3eae*

@. A3inetoba3ter*

. MoraCella*

6. 9la$ydia*

. Ri3kett!ia3eae


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1akteri anaerob


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Anaero!i# !a#teria( Do not %!e oCygen +or gro-t and $etaboli!$ b%t obtain teir

energy fro" fer"entation rea#tions.

Re%ire red%3ed oCygen ten!ion +or gro-t and +ail to gro- on

te !%r+a3e o+ !olid $edi%$ in 87L 9(5in a$bient air.

6acteroidesand !lostridium!pe3ie!

Fa#ultati$e anaero!es( 1a3teria tat 3an gro- eiter o)idati$ely+%!ing oCygen a! a

ter$inal ele3tron a33eptor* or anaero!i#ally+ %!ing +er$entation

rea3tion!

#treptococcus!pe3ie! *Enteroba3teria3eae )Escherichia coli,

(+ten* ba3teria tat are +a3%ltati


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(k!igen " radikal ok!igen 1ERSIFAT

T(KSIK

Unt%k $engata!i !i+at tok!ik ok!igen*

perl%

Si!te$ 9yto3ro$e /$etaboli!$e (5.

S%peroCide di!$%ta!e )S(D,*

9atala!eDi"iliki ole% !akteri aero! , fakultatif anaero!

TIDAK DI-I.IKI /.E0 AKTERI ANAER/


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S%$ber P%!taka

7ims !, et al% 7edical 7icrobiology%

+pdated ?rded% Elsevier 7osby% @B

6roo>s ., 6utel C, 7orse #% Ca&etz,

7elnic> and Adelberg*s% 7edical

7icrobiology% Lange% @Dth%7c

.ra&1ill%+#A%@%

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