adolescent mental health issues in digital era...2019/08/08 · (erik erikson) teori perkembangan...

Adolescent Mental Health Issues in Digital Era

Royke Tony Kalalo, dr., Sp.KJ (K)

ROYKE TONY KALALO, dr.,Sp.KJ(K)

Pendidikan :

SMA Negeri 3 Malang

Sarjana Kedokteran FK UNAIR Surabaya

Profesi Dokter FK UNAIR Surabaya

Spesialis 1 Psikiatri FK UNAIR Surabaya

Spesialis 2 Konsultan Psikiatri Anak dan Remaja FK UNAIR

Saat ini bekerja sebagai Dokter Pendidik Klinis

FK UNAIR dan Staf Medik Fungsional RSUD Dr.SOETOMO

[email protected]

dr.Royke T. Kalalo,Sp.KJ(K)

TANTANGAN REMAJA DI ERA DIGITAL

Identity Formation and Social

Network Use

Gaming Disorder


Identity Formation and

Social Network Use



“If you’re

not on

MySpace,

you don’t

exist”

(perkataanseorang remajaberumur 18 tahun, 2007)

Fase 5

Usia 13 – 21 tahun

Fase IDENTITY vs

ROLE CONFUSION

(Erik Erikson)

TEORI PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOSOSIAL


offline online

10

Human’s life consists of their behaviour in

the two dimensions – online and offline(File from Soloveev D., Digital Detox)

8 TAHAP PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOSOSIAL

1. Trust vs Mistrust lahir–18 bulan

2. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt 18 bln-3 thn

3. Inisiative vs Guilt 3 thn-5 thn

4. Industry vs Inferiority 5 thn-13 thn

5. IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION 13 thn-21 thn

6. Intimacy vs Isolation 21 thn-40 thn

7. Generativity vs Stagnation 40 thn-60 thn

8. Integrity vs Despair 60 thn-meninggal

(Erikson, 1950)

Ritualisasi Ideologi (nilai kesetiaan)

Vs

Totalisme (fanatik,eksklusif,

PROYEKSI ke kelompok lain) dr.Royke T. Kalalo,Sp.KJ(K)

(Erik Erikson, 1950)

“Keseluruhan masa depan individutergantung pada penyelesaian masalah

(krisis) Identitas.”


Apakah konsep kunci dalammemahami perkembangan remaja ?

IDENTITAS


*

REMAJA MENUNTUT SOLUSI

atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai Identitas =

*“Siapakah aku ini ?”

*“Apakah keunikanku ?”

*“Bagaimana caranya agar aku membuat diriku unik ?”

*“Apa tujuan hidupku ?”

*“Bagaimana menentukan berbagai macam pilihan ?”dr.Royke T. Kalalo,Sp.KJ(K)

*

*SOLUSI yang sering diambil remaja untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentangidentitas =

BEREKSPERIMEN

*Bereksperimen dengan berbagai peran dan kepribadian

(suatu saat berpakaian rapi, kemudian berpakaian asal-asalan, suatu hari menyukai seorang teman, hari lain memandang rendah teman tsb)


8

information

-oriented

society

Industrialsociety

Changes in society,

The Big Shift economy and human

behavior(File from Soloveev D., Digital Detox)

Organizationwhich provides

60% of population with the access

to the information resources

Popularmobile applicationsThe network

of Harvard students

World social network

57

Facebook EvolutionFrom the network of Harvard students to the organization which provides 60% of the World

population with the access to the information resources at particular charge

(File from Soloveev D., Digital Detox)

58

Digital services is the new architecture that models our

behaviour


53%worry

When their phone runs down or

service is unavailable in the Metro

or remoteparts of the country

YOUGOV

12

Nomophobia (an abbreviation for “no-mobile-phone phobia”) –

is the fear of being left without your mobile phone.Being out of mobile contact means for the modern person not only to lose touch with your nearest and dearest,

but also to lose access to the whole exocortex.


54%check their mobile phonesduring the night and

morning

LOOKOUT MOBILE

STUDY

in the

13

24 / 7

online


22 22

65%65% of teens use their

phones even when they

are chatting

Phones affect people's relationships, even when the devices just lie closely to the people. If during

a personal conversation people have their phone within their line of sight, they have less trust to

each other and feel less empathy comparing to those who keep their phones out of sight./ University of Essex

22


Screen-voyeurismIs the practice of observing personal life of people through spying on their screens in

public transport, office or at home.


ALASAN BERSOSMED (Social Networking Sites / SNS)

•Mendapatkan informasi

•Memberikan informasi,feedback

•“Hang out”

•Ekspresi (diri)


“Whenever you put anykind of information outthere you have theintention of what youwant people to thinkabout you”

(Manago et al., 2008)

DAMPAK SOSMED

TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN IDENTITAS, SELF CONCEPT, SELF ESTEEM

dan kehidupan sosial


DAMPAK SOSMED

TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN IDENTITAS, SELF CONCEPT, SELF ESTEEM

dan kehidupan sosial

Bergantung kepada :

• Keragaman teman

• “imagined audience”

• Keterbukaan vs Penyesuaian posting

Feedback Positif / Negatif

(like, dislike, comment)

• Jumlah waktu Adiksi (?)

offline online


TEORI PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOSOSIAL

(IDENTITAS)

O Banyak peran yang dapat dicoba remaja….

O Menurut Erikson, di masa remaja akhir,

hal yang penting bagi perkembangan identitas adalah :

PERAN VOKASIONAL (Latihan memasuki dunia kerja)



KOMUNITAS

ROLE MODEL

TANTANGAN REMAJA DI ERA DIGITAL

Identity Formation and Social

Network Use

Gaming Disorder


Gaming Disorder


LATAR BELAKANG

• Penggunaan gadget yang dimulai di usia anak meningkat

• Kurangnya pengawasan orang tuamampu tidak

71 % menguasai saat

usia Sekolah Dasar29 %

71 %


Definisi

Gaming disorder adalah

• Pola perilaku bermain game

• yang ditandai dengan :

gangguan kontrol terhadap permainan,

peningkatan prioritas , minat dan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari yang

diberikan untuk game diatas,

dan berkelanjutan dalam bermain game tersebut,

• dengan mengesampingkan konsekuensi negatifnya”

(World Health Organization)


Penyebab Gaming Disorder• Gender, Usia• Ciri Kepribadian• Kondisi yang berkomorbiditas / menyertai• Kurangnya kemampuan manajemen diri /

memecahkan masalah• Kurangnya Self-Esteem / Rasa Percaya Diri• Kurangnya pencapaian pribadi / prestasi

FaktorInternal

(Individual

• Lingkungan (komunitas gamers)• Pengaruh teman sebaya• Pengaruh keluarga• Trauma terhadap aspek berelasi

FaktorEksternal

• Tipe Game• Fitur – fitur Game

FaktorTerkaitGame King D & Delfabro P, 2019


DAMPAK POSITIF

• Keterampilan Motorik yang Lebih Baik

• Peningkatan Keterampilan Kognitif

• Menjadi Distraksi agar Tidak Melakukan

Hal yang Tidak Diinginkan

• Hiburan yang lebih menyenangkan

• Sumber Ilmu

• Keterampilan Bersaing

• Memotivasi untuk Mencapai Target

• Koneksi dengan Teman Menjadi Mudah

DAMPAK NEGATIF• Menjadi pribadi yang tertutup

• Kesehatan terganggu

• Gangguan tidur

• Suka menyendiri

• Ancaman cyberbullying

• Hambatan perkembangan

• Malas melakukan banyak hal

• Agresif

• Menurunnya kemampuan bersosialisasi

• Mempengaruhi kemampuan analisamasalah

• Gangguan Jiwa

Rigid diet+ drugs+ diet+

sessions with a

psychologist + military

physical training

Most of them werebrought there againsttheir will for 3-4months

The main reason ofgetting there –addictiongames

to theonline

71

Today there are hundreds of medical camps that conduct treatment programs

throughout China and South Korea .

( F I L E F R O M S O L O V E E V D . , D I G I T A L D E T O X )

72

“We call the Internet an electronic heroin. If someone is on the Internet more than

6 hours per day and it is neither work nor learning – that person is likely to be the

Internet addict .”

( F I L E F R O M S O L O V E E V D . , D I G I T A L D E T O X )

PENATALAKSANAAN

PSIKOTERAPI

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

•Motivational Interviewing

• Hipnoterapi


PENATALAKSANAAN

PSIKOFARMAKA

•Antidepresan

•Antianxietas

•Antipsikotik


Digital Detoxand

Netiquette


Dmitriy SoloveevResearch Think Tank in digital detox research teamGOFORDIGITAL DETOX


23

Micro boredoma brief spell during the day when one grows weary. Micro boredom may appear at the bus stop

while you’re waiting for a bus, when you’re queuing up to the cashier's office, or on the Metro.


39 39

limits

Technologies begin to demand Huge information volume

active human involvement , 24/7 online

efforts go through the humanceiling Work+ private life

and there the need to disconnect arises 39

Within threshold Distraction, stress,fatigue


25


27


35

Paul Miller, The Verge editor, conducted an experiment on himself

and took a hiatus from the Internet for the whole year


Paul admits that disconnection from the Internet has led to the loss of

the most important thing - human communication


“We should draw adistinct line betweenthe time we areonline and offline”

48

Eric Schmidt declared his intention to give up gadgets while

having a meal.


Periodic individual detoxes allow you to create an information

vacuum, to revise the usual information environment , and promote

creative thinking.

Legitimate thoughtsCreativity

Concentrated andactive attention

Chronophage

The abundance of alien information hinders your personal thinking

process. The users search for the answers, instead of drawing their

own conclusions.

dr.Royke T. Kalalo,Sp.KJ(K)(File from Soloveev D., Digital Detox)

47

474740

One of the causes of the chronic stress is that there is no

netiquette standards in the society.You can easily get work messages in the social nets demanding the answer and etc.


48

4848

Once read a message,

should answer. So, if you

don’t have time for an

answer, just leave itunread, to do it inconvenient time.

a more

41

Social pressureThere is a socially-accepted behaviour – polite person always ready to supply an instant

and detailed answer to the message.


49

4949

Everybody can leave the chat at any timewithout notice or explanation.

Once read a message,

should answer. So, if you

don’t have time for an

answer, just leave it

To start a dialogue with the single “Hello”

and wait for an answer is regarded as ill-

mannered, to say the least.unread, to do it inconvenient time.

.

a more

The online status tells of the computerbeing on, but notcommunicate.

of the user’s readiness to

42

There is a need for a new netiquetteBrand new netiquette needs to be developed, but it is still in the grey area.


KESIMPULAN

•Kesempatan Emas = Pembentukan IDENTITAS

•Tantangan Pengaruh Sosial Media

•Tantangan Gaming Disorder

•KOMUNITAS YANG UNGGUL DAN BERMORAL

•RESPECT

•ROLE MODEL

•Digital Detoxdr.Royke T. Kalalo,Sp.KJ(K)

TERIMA KASIH


adolescent mental health issues in digital era...2019/08/08 · (erik erikson) teori perkembangan...

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