1manajemen operasi dan produksi pendahuluan

8/20/2019 1Manajemen Operasi Dan Produksi Pendahuluan

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Manajemen

Operasi DanProduksi

Materi 1 : Pendahuluan

a. Pengertian MO/P

b. Sistem Produksic. Perkembangan MO/P


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Buku :

a. T. ani andoko! Dasar"Dasar Manajemen Produksi

dan Operasi! 1##1b. ei$er/%ender! Manajemen

Operasi &d 11! '(1)


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*khtisar

• +pa itu Manajemen Operasi,MO-

• +pa ang disebut Sistem

Produksi• +pa hasil Produksi

• 0enapa belajar MO

• Perkembangan MO• Produktitas


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T& +%D %O20 2+3&

• Dibuka pertama kali pada tahun 1#41

• %estoran bertema pertama di dunia,memorabilia musik rock-

• Sekarang ada lebih dari 1)( restoran diseluruh dunia

• Menediakan 5)(( jenis makanan di

Orlando• Bagaimana mereka menentukan

menu/hari

•Bagaimana mereka menghadapi 5) jutaen un un er tahunn a


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Manajemen Operasi

+pa *tu Manajemen Operasi

Produksi?Penciptaan barang dan jasa

Manajemen Operasi adalahserangkaian aktitas angmenciptakan nilai dalam bentukbarang dan jasa denganmen ubah masukan men adi hasil


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Sistem Produksi

Proses Pengubahan input berupaSumber daya menjadi barang-

barang dan jasa yang lebihberguna

Produk Barang dan Jasa

Barang : Hasil Produksi yang berwujud asa : !kti"tas yang memberikan

kombinasi dari nilai dari waktu# lokasi#

bentuk atau psikologis


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Operasi Sebagai SistemProduksi

Handoko, 1991


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2ontoh Sistem Produksi

enis $ndustri $nput OutputBank Teller! kasir! Sta6!

komputer! 6asilitas!modal

Pelaanan 3inansialseperti deposito!tabungan! trans6er!kredit! insurance dll

%umah sakit Dokter! pera7at! sta6!peralatan! Pelaanan kesehatanseperti pemeriksaanumum! cek rontgen!cek lab! cek 8S9! *9D

%estoran 3asilitas! energi! koki!pelaan! bahan

makanan

idangan! hiburan

(Handoko, 1991 p8)

t


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engorgan sas an untuMenghasilkan Barang dan

asa• Setiap organisasi melakukan 56ungsi:

a- Pemasaran : Menghasilkanpermintaan terhadap suatu produk

b- Produksi/opersi : Menciptakan

Produkc- 3inansial/+kuntansi: Melacak kinerja!

pembaaran tagihan dan

pengumpulan uang


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Organi%ational &harts


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0enapa Belajar MO

1. MO merupakan salah satudari tiga 6ungsi utama angselalu dilakukan sebuahorganisasi jadi sangatpenting mengetahuibagaimana aktitas MOber6ungsi

'. Mengetahui bagaimanabarang dan jasa diproduksi

5. Pemahaman mengenai apaang dilakukan oleh

Manajer Operasi


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Opsi 8ntuk Menaikkan0ontribusi

Sales $100,000 $150,000 $100,000 $100,000

Cost of Goods – 80,000 – 120,000 – 80,000 – 64,000

Gross Margin 20,000 30,000 20,000 36,000

Finance Costs – 6,000 – 6,000 – 3,000 – 6,000Sutotal 14,000 24,000 1!,000 30,000

"a#es at 25 – 3,500 – 6,000 – 4,250 – !,500

Contriution $ 10,500 $ 18,000 $ 12,!50 $ 22,500

Finance%Mar&eting 'ccounting (M

()tion ()tion ()tion

*ncrease +educe +educe

Sales Finance roductionCurrent +e-enue 50 Costs 50 Costs 20


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!pa yang 'ilakukan olehManajer Operasi ?

Fungsi dasar dari manajemen adalah untuk melakukanaktifitas :

Planning (Perencanaan)rgani!ing (Pengorganisasian)"taffing#eading (Pengarahan)$ontrolling (Pengendalian)

() *


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() *eputusanManajemen Operasi

.esign of goods and ser-ices Managing /ualit rocess and ca)acit design

ocation strateg aout strateg uan resources and o design Su))l cain anageent

*n-entor anageent Sceduling Maintenance


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*eputusan *ritis

• er• o7 should 7e design these

products and ser=ices

Desainbarang

dan jasa

• o7 do 7e dene ?ualit•


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*eputusan *ritis•


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*eputusan *ritis

• o7 should 7e arrange the6acilit• o7 large must the 6acilit

be to meet our plan

Strategi Tata%uang

• o7 do 7e pro=ide a

reasonable 7orken=ironment• o7 much can 7e eApect our

emploees to produce

SDM

danDesainPekerjaa

n


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*eputusan *ritis

• Should 7e make or bu thiscomponent

•


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*eputusan *ritis

• +re 7e better o> keepingpeople on the parollduring slo7do7ns

•


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'imana +anahPekerjaan MO?

Figure 1%&

er st wa ent ng a am


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er st wa ent ng a amPerkembangan ManajemenOperasi


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PerkembanganManajemen Operasi

$omputer ('tanasoff 198)

$P*P+- (.uPont 19/0)

aterial reuirements planning (rlick2 1934)

$omputer aided design ($'. 1904)

Fle5i6le manufacturing s2stem (F" 190/)

7aldrige ualit2 'ards (1984)

$omputer integrated manufacturing (1994)

lo6ali!ation (199&)

;nternet (199/)


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&li


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3rederick


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Talors Principles

Menempatkan pekerja padapekerjaan ang tepat untuk na

Memberikan pelatihan ang laak

Memberikan metode dan alat kerjaang tepat

Memberikan insenti6 untukpekerjaan ang sudah selesai

-anggung


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3rank C @illian 9ilbreth

rank -1868.192/; iian -1878. 1972

us&and.and.wi$e engineering teamurther deveo"ed work

measurement methods

3""ied e$$icienc' methods to theirhome and 12 chidren4

Book %ovie +hea"er &' the

o!en, &ook Bes on :heir :oes


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Born 186; died 19/7

In 190, created ord %otor+om"an'

In 191, $irst used moving assem&'ine to make %ode :


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0ontribusi untuk MO

uman 6actors

*ndustrial engineering

Management scienceBiological science

Phsical sciences

*n6ormationtechnolog


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Tantangan Baru PadaBidang MO

Do&a $ocus

Aust.in.time

Su""' chain "artnering

Ea"id "roductdeveo"ment,

aiances %ass

customi!ation

@m"owered

em"o'ees, teams

-oFrom #ocal or national focus

7atch shipments

#o 6id purchasing

#ength2 productde=elopment

"tandard products


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0arakteristik Barang

:angi&e "roduct

+onsistent "roductde$inition

=roduction usua'se"arate $romconsum"tion

+an &e inventoried ow customer

interaction


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0arakteristik dari asa

Intangi&e "roduct

=roduced andconsumed at same time

F$ten uniue

igh customerinteraction

Inconsistent "roductde$inition

F$ten knowedge.&ased

reuent' dis"ersed


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Barang ersus asa

-a6le 1%

$an 6e resold

$an 6e in=entoried

"ome aspects of ualit2

measura6le"elling is distinct fromproduction

Product is transporta6le

"ite of facilit2 important for cost

ften eas2 to automate

e=enue generated primaril2from tangi6le product

'ttri6utes of oods

(-angi6le Product)

'ttri6utes of "er=ices

(;ntangi6le Product)

eselling unusual

.ifficult to in=entor2

ualit2 difficult to measure

"elling is part of ser=ice

Pro=ider, not product, isoften transporta6le

"ite of facilit2 important for customer contact

ften difficult to automate

e=enue generated primaril2from the intangi6le ser=ice


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Barang dan asa

'utomo6ile$omputer

;nstalled carpeting

Fast>food meal

estaurant meal*auto repair

Hospital care

'd=ertising agenc2*in=estment management

$onsulting ser=ice*teaching

$ounseling

Percent of Product that is a ood Percent of Product that is a "er=ice

144? 0/ /4 &/ 4 &/ /4 0/ 144?@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

Figure 1%A


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Ee7 Trends in OM

oca ornationa$ocus

Eeia&e wordwidecommunication andtrans"ortation networks

Do&a $ocus,moving "roduction

o$$shore

Batch -argeshi"ments

Short "roduct i$e c'cesand cost o$ ca"ita "ut "ressure on reducinginventor'

Aust.in.time "er$ormance

ow.&id "urchasing

Su""' chain com"etitionreuires that su""iers &eengaged in a $ocus on theend customer

Su""' chain "artners,coa&oration,aiances,outsourcing

Figure 1%3

Past $auses Future


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Ee7 Trends in OM

ength' "roductdeveo"ment

Shorter i$e c'ces,Internet, ra"id internationacommunication, com"uter.

aided design, andinternationa coa&oration

Ea"id "roductdeveo"ment,aiances,

coa&orativedesigns

Standardi!ed "roducts

3$$uence and wordwidemarkets; increasing'$e#i&e "roduction "rocesses

%asscustomi!ationwith addedem"hasis on

uait' Ao&s"eciai!ation

+hanging sociocuturemiieu; increasing' aknowedge and in$ormationsociet'

@m"oweredem"o'ees,teams, and ean "roduction

Figure 1%3

Past $auses Future


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Ee7 Trends in OM

ow.cost$ocus

@nvironmenta issues, ISF1/000, increasing dis"osacosts

@nvironmenta'sensitive "roduction, greenmanu$acturing,rec'ced

materias,remanu$acturing

@thics notat $ore$ront

Businesses o"erate moreo"en'; "u&ic and go&areview o$ ethics; o""ositionto chid a&or, &ri&er',

"oution

igh ethicastandards andsociares"onsi&iit'

e#"ected

Figure 1%3

Past $auses Future


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Ee7 Trends in OM

9lobal 6ocus ust"in"time per6ormance Suppl chain partnering %apid product de=elopmentMass customi$ation &mpo7ered emploees &n=ironmentall sensiti=e

production

&thics


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Tantangan Produktitas

Producti=it2 is the ratio of outputs (goodsand ser=ices) di=ided 62 the inputs

(resources such as la6or and capital)-he o6jecti=e is to impro=e producti=it2B

;mportant CoteBProduction is a measure of output onl2

and not a measure of efficienc2


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*mpro=ing Producti=it atStarbucks

' team of 14 anal2stscontinuall2 look for a2s tosha=e time% "ome

impro=ements:

Sto" reuiring signatureson credit card "urchasesunder >25

Saved 8 seconds "er transaction

+hange the si!e o$ the icescoo"

Saved 1/ seconds "er drink

Gew es"resso machines Saved 12 seconds "er shot


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*mpro=ing Producti=it atStarbucks

' team of 14 anal2stscontinuall2 look for a2s tosha=e time% "ome

impro=ements:

Sto" reuiring signatureson credit card "urchasesunder >25

Saved 8 seconds "er transaction

+hange the si!e o$ the icescoo"

Saved 1/ seconds "er drink

Gew es"resso machines Saved 12 seconds "er shot

F"erations im"rovements havehe"ed Star&ucks increase 'ear'revenue "er outet &' >200,000 to>9/0,000 in si# 'earsH

=roductivit' has im"roved &' 27,or a&out /H5 "er 'earH


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%easure o$ "rocess im"rovement

Ee"resents out"ut reative to in"ut

Fn' through "roductivit'increases can our standard o$ ivingim"rove

Producti=it

Producti=it2 DEnits produced

;nput used


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Producti=it 2alculations

Producti=it2 D

Enits produced

#a6or>hours used

D D A units*la6or>hour

1,444

&/4

#a6or Producti=it2

ne resource input single>factor producti=it2


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Multi"3actor Producti=it

utput

#a6or aterial +nerg2 $apital iscellaneous

Producti=it2 D

'lso knon as total factor producti=it2

utput and inputs are often e5pressed indollars

ultiple resource inputs multi>factor producti=it2


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2ontoh Soal

$ollin -itle ;nsurance #td% ;ngin menge=aluasi produktifitas6uruh dan multifaktorn2a dengan se6uah sistem pencarian

judul 2ang terkomputerisasi% perusahaan memiliki A orang

staf, masing>masing 6ekerja selama 8 jam*hari dengan6ia2a G3A4*hari dan 6ia2a o=erhead senilai GA44*hari%.engan sistem lama ini, $ollins memproses dan menutup8 judul setiap hari% "istem pencarian judul

terkomputerisasi 2ang 6aru memungkinkan pemrosesan1A judul *hari%


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2ollins Title Producti=it

"taff of A orks 8 hrs*da2 8 titles*da2Pa2roll cost D G3A4*da2 =erhead D GA44*da2

ld "2stem:

Dld la6or

producti=it2

8 titles*da2

& la6or>hrs


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ld "2stem:

8 titles*da2

& la6or>hrsDld la6or

producti=it2 D %&/ titles*la6or>hr


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ld "2stem:

1A titles*da2 =erhead D G844*da2

Ce "2stem:

8 titles*da2

& la6or>hrsDld la6or

producti=it2 D %&/ titles*la6or>hr

1A titles*da2

& la6or>hrsDCe la6or

producti=it2 D %A0/ titles*la6or>hr


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ld "2stem:


Ce "2stem:

Dld multifactor

producti=it2

8 titles*da2

G3A4 A44


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ld "2stem:


Ce "2stem:

8 titles*da2

G3A4 A44Dld multifactor

producti=it2 D %4400 titles*dollar


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ld "2stem:


Ce "2stem:

8 titles*da2

G3A4 A44Dld multifactor

producti=it2

DCe multifactor

producti=it2

D %4400 titles*dollar

1A titles*da2

G3A4 844


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ld "2stem:


Ce "2stem:

8 titles*da2

G3A4 A44

1A titles*da2

G3A4 844

Dld multifactor

producti=it2

DCe multifactor

producti=it2




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ld "2stem:


Ce "2stem:

8 titles*da2

G3A4 A44

1A titles*da2

G3A4 844

Dld multifactor

producti=it2

DCe multifactor

producti=it2




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Measurement Problems

ualit2 ma2 change hile the uantit2of inputs and outputs remains

constant+5ternal elements ma2 cause an

increase or decrease in producti=it2

Precise units of measure ma2 6elacking


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Producti=it ariables

#a6or > contri6utesa6out 14? of the annualincrease

$apital > contri6utesa6out 8? of the annualincrease

anagement >contri6utes a6out /&?of the annual increase


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0e ariables 6or *mpro=ed

@abor Producti=it 7asic education appropriate for the la6or

force

.iet of the la6or force

"ocial o=erhead that makes la6ora=aila6le

aintaining and enhancing skills in themidst of rapidl2 changing technolog2 andknoledge


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*n=estment andProducti=it

14

8

3

A

&

4 P e r c

e n t i n c r e a s e

i n

p r o

d u c t i = i t 2

Percentage in=estment

14 1/ &4 &/ 4 /


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M+E+9&M&ET

'C'


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T+E0 FO8

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