stadium anesthesia
DESCRIPTION
stadium anestesiTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DASAR-DASAR ANESTESIA UMUM
DIKUTIP DARI BUKU PENUNTUN PRAKTIS ANESTESI
![Page 2: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 2
PENDAHULUAN
BAHASAN :
1. BATASAN ANESTESIA ATAU ANESTESIA UMUM
2. TEORI ANESTESIA
3. PILIHAN ANESTESIA
4. STADIA ANESTESIA
5. ALAT-ALAT ANESTESIA
6. LANGKAH-LANGKAH ANESTESIA
![Page 3: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 3
BATASAN ANESTESIA UMUM
ANESTESIA Kalau diuraikan terdiri dari KATA: “An” = TANPA “AESTHESIA” = RASA
BERARTI :
TATALAKSANA UNTUK ME”MATI”KAN RASA SECARA
SENTRAL YANG DISERTAI HILANGNYA KESADARAN
YANG BERSIFAT REVERSIBEL
TANPA RASA
![Page 4: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 4
ANESTESIA-ANALGESIA
TRIAS ANESTESIA UMUM1. HIPNOTIK (mati ingatan)2. ANALGESIA (mati rasa)3. RELAKSASI OTOT (mati gerak)
ANALGESIA REGIONAL1. ANALGESIA (mati rasa)
2. SUPRESI REFLEKS (mati gerak)
BERSIFAT “REVERSIBLE”
![Page 5: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 5
APLIKASI OBAT ANESTETIKUM
1. SATU JENIS OBAT - ETER - OBAT ANESTETIK LOKAL
2. KOMBINASI BEBERAPA OBAT- HIPNOTIKUM (INH/IV)- ANALGETIKUM (INH/IV)- PELUMPUH OTOT (IV)
![Page 6: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 6
TEORI ANESTESIA
1. MEYER & OVERTON : (1899) =Teori Kelarutan Lemak2. FERGUSON : (1939)
(Teori Efek Gas Inert)3. PAULING : (1961) =Teori Kristal Mikro Hidrat) 4. TRUDEL: (1963) =Teori Interaksi Molekul Obat Bius dengan
Membran Lipid
![Page 7: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 7
PILIHAN ANESTESIA-ANALGESIA
DIPENGARUHI OLEH BEBERAPA FAKTOR– USIA (BAYI, DEWASA DAN ORANG TUA)– KELAMIN (LAKI/PEREMPUAN)– JENIS OPERASI (LOKASI, POSISI, MANIPULASI DAN
DURASI)– OPERATOR – SDM ANESTESIA – STATUS RUMAH SAKIT– PERMINTAAN PASIEN
![Page 8: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 8
PILIHAN ANESTESIA-ANALGESIA
ANESTESIA – INTRAVENA
• HIPNOTIKUM• KLASIK• TOTAL• NEROLEPT
– INHALASI• SUNGKUP MUKA• PET
– NAFAS SPONTAN– NAFAS KENDALI
ANALGESIA– LOKAL
• INFILTRASI LOKAL• BLOK LAPANGANN• TOPIKAL
– REGIONAL• BLOK SARAF• BLOK FLEKSUS• BLOK SPINAL
![Page 9: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 9
STADIUM ANESTESIA
1. MULAI DIKENAL SEJAK MORTON MENDEMONSTRASIKAN PEMAKAIAN ETER
2. POMLEY, MEMBAGI STADIA TSB
MENJADI 3 STADIUM
3. JOHN SNOW MENAMBAH KAN SATU STADIUM
4. GUEDEL MEMBAGINYA SECARA SISTEMATIK, PADA PASIEN YANG MENDAPATKAN ETER DGN PREMEDIKASI ATROPIN
![Page 10: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 10
STADIA ANESTESIA
I. STADIUM ANALGESIA : MULAI INDUKSI SAMPAI MULAI TIDAK SADAR
II. STADIUM EKSITASI MULAI DARI TIDAK SADAR SAMPAI NAFAS TERATUR
OTOMATIS
III. STADIUM PEMBEDAHAN Plana 1 : mulai nafas otomatis sampai gerak bola mata berhenti Plana 2 : mulai gerak bola mata berhenti sampai nafas torakal lemah Plana 3 : mulai nafas torakal lemah sampai nafas torakal berhenti Plana 4 : mulai nafas torakal berhenti sampai nafas diafragma
berhentiIV. STADIUM PARALISIS : MULAI PARALISIS DIAFRAGMA
SAMPAI HENTI JANTUNG ATAU MENINGGAL
![Page 11: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 11
STADIUM ANESTESIA
![Page 12: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 12
PERALATAN ANESTESIA
BEBERAPA ALAT-ALAT ANESTESIAYANG PERNAH ADA :1. TETES TERBUKA : ETER2. INHALER TRILIN3. EMO(Epstein-MacIntosh-Oxford)
![Page 13: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 13
TEKNIK TETES TERBUKA
![Page 14: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 14
EMO
![Page 15: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 15
MESIN ANESTESIA
![Page 16: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 16
MESIN ANESTESIA
KOMPONEN MESIN ANESTESIA :– SUMBER GAS DAN SISTEM PERPIPAAN– ALAT PANTAU TEKANAN GAS– KATUP PENURUN TEKANAN GAS– METER ALIRAN – ALAT PENGUAP (VAPORIZER)– LUBANG KELUAR CAMPURAN GAS– KENDALI OKSIGEN DARURAT– SISTEM PERNAFASAN/SIRKUIT NAFAS– KONEKTOR
![Page 17: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 17
SUMBER GAS
![Page 18: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 18
SUMBER GAS
![Page 19: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 19
WARNA TABUNG GAS MEDIK
O2 = PUTIH/HIJAU N2O = BIRU UDARA = PUTIH/HITAM CO2 = ABU-ABU
![Page 20: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 20
METER ALIRAN DAN ALAT PENGUAP
![Page 21: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 21
SIRKUIT ANESTESIA
1. SISTEM SIRKUIT (REBREATHING) 2. SISTEM MAGILL 3. SISTIM “TO AND PRO” 4. SISTEM “T-PIECE” (Spesial utk Bayi)
![Page 22: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 22
SIRKUIT ANESTESI
![Page 23: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 23
SISTEM SIRKUIT ANESTESIA
TERDIRI DARI :•TEMPAT MASUK CAMPURAN GAS•PIPA NAFAS INSPIRASI-EKSPIRASI•KANISTER (BERISI ABSORBER CO2 = KAPUR
SODA)•KATUP SEARAH INSPIRASI-EKSPIRASI•KANTONG CADANG•KATUP POP-OF•KONEKTOR Y
![Page 24: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 24
SIRKUIT ANESTESIA
![Page 25: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 25
SIRKUIT ANESTESIA
![Page 26: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 26
SIRKUIT ANESTESIA
PENYERAP CO2 DALAM KANISTER :– SODALIME, TERDIRI DARI :
• Ca(OH)2 = 76 - 81%• NaOH = 4%• KOH = 1%• PELEMBAB SILIKAT = 14 - 19% • UKURAN GRANUL = 4 - 8 MESH • REAKSINYA : CO2 + H2O ----> H2CO3
NaOH + H2CO3 -->Na2CO3 + 2H2O + PANAS Ca(OH)2 + H2CO3 --> CaCO3 + 2H2O+PANAS
• WARNA : PUTIH BERUBAH --> BIRU
![Page 27: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 27
SIRKUIT ANESTESIA
PENYERAP CO2 DALAM KANISTER :– BARALIME, TERDIRI DARI :
• Ba(OH)2 = 20%
• Ca(OH) = 80%
• REAKSINYA :
CO2 + Ba(OH)2.18 H2O ----> Ba2CO3+9H2O
• WARNA DASAR MERAH ---> SETELAH JENUH BERUBAH
MENJADI PUTIH
![Page 28: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 28
KONEKTOR
TERDIRI DARI : 1. SIKU KONEKTOR 2. SUNGKUP MUKA 3. PET
![Page 29: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 29
SISTEM MEPLESON
![Page 30: Stadium Anesthesia](https://reader036.vdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081418/563dbb36550346aa9aab36df/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
04/18/23 ANESTESIA 30
LANGKAH-LANGKAH ANESTESIA
1. EVALUASI PRAANESTESIA
2. PERSIAPAN PRAANESTESIA
3. PILIHAN ANESTESIA
3.1. INDUKSI
3.2. PEMELIHARAAN
3.3. PEMULIHAN
4. PASCA ANESTESIA