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DETERMINING BODY HEIGHT MEASUREMENT

USING THE LENGTH OF TIBIA BONE

Dosen Penguji :

dr. Arif Rahman Sadad,SH,Sp.F,MSi,Med,DHM

Residen Pembimbing :

dr. Wian Pisia Anggreliana



Introduction



Forensic Medicine

Forensic Identifcation

Have an important roles to

identify someone’s identity

BACKGROUND

Cases of m!tilation andaccidents in "ndonesia#$$%$& KUHA'



'ROB()M

Is there any significantcorrelation between

body heightmeasurement and thelower extremity (Tibia

bone) length of co-assat RSUP Kariadi

Semarang



(o de$ermine %he$her $he

iden$ifi*a$ion of bod' heigh$ *an bede$ermined b'measuring $he

leng$h of $he $ibia bone

Goal

GOA( of R)*)ARCH



To gain !nowledge

about correlation between bodyheight and tibia

bone

R)*)ARCH B)N)F"+*

"# $or Researchers

%# $or &eneral Po'ulations

# $or $orensic medicine

# $or other Researchers

References for

other researchers who wants to study

with anothermethods

To gain !nowledgein the field of

anatomy* forensics*

and anthro'ometric

Source of data orreferences in

anthro'ometric

study



+H)OR"+"CA( R),")-

Internal Factors:

•Genetic

•Sex

Eksternal Factor :

•Environment

• Nutrition Intake

•Drug

•Disease

Bone Growth

Body Height



The Length of tibia bone

The body height

Concept!al *tr!ct!re

DependentVariable

IndependentVariable



H.'O+H)*"*

The length of tibia bone can be used

as a tool to measure body height ofindi+iduals



BASED THEORY



Bone is *onne*$i+e $issue %hi*h is rigidand form $he larges$ par$ of $hes#ele$al, and is a main suppor$ing

$issue of $he bod'

onsis$s of $%o $'pes of bone: 1. substantia spongiosa-. substantia compacta



Functions of Bone

-. (o s$ablish join$

/. (o s$ablish s#ele$on

0. Mus*les a$$a*hmen$

1. Suppor$s $he bod'

2. As a pro$e*$ion

3. Hema$opoiesis

4. )mmunolog'

5. S$ore of minerals



Bone classificationBased on Shape

/. 6ong bones

-. Shor$ bones

0. Fla$ bones

1. )rregular bones

2. Sesamoid bones



Anatomy Bone Tibia

Tibia is a lower leg bones# It,s large andlocated on the medialside* and the longest bone in the lower

extremities afterfemur



The Development of Bones

steogenesis

membranous endochondral



.onegrowth

/ongitudinal growth

Radialgrowth

0odelling

Remodelling



Body HeightHeight is a measurement result with the vertical distance rom the highest !oint o the head "cranium# called vertex to the lowest !oint o thecalcaneus $one which touching the loor%

1eight can be used as a 'arameter to determine the state of the body#1eight de'ends on genetic and en+ironmental factors#

2dult males tend to be higher than adult female* and male usuallyha+ing a longer limb* because they ha+e bigger limb and biggermuscle#



S'ine3eformities

/ordosis

Ky'hosis

Scoliosis



Height Measureent Foru!a

Amri Amir Formula

$ormula made by Prof#dr#2mri 2mir in "454 is based on an examination of the li+es of maleand female young adult#

Tibia length (cm) 6 "#"% x tibia length 7 "%#55



8 Pari#h Formula

This formula is based on an examination of thedry bones

Men:

T. (cm) 6 Tibia x #4

Women:

T. (cm) 6 Tibia x #9



8 Djaja Sur'a A$madja Formula

2 formula gi+en by :aya against adults who li+eda long* long bones were measured from outsidethe body* following the s!in on the outside#

Men based on $ibia leng$h:

T. 6 ;<*45== 7 %*4%% (tibia length)

Women based on $ibia leng$h:T. 6 ;;*;"; 7 %*"554 (tibia length)



Forensic

Identification$orensic

identification is theeffort made with the

goal of hel'ingin+estigators to

determine a 'erson>sidentity



Forensi* an$hropolog' is defined as a field of study thatdeals with the examination of materials belie+ed to be theman to answer medical ?uestions of law* including thoserelated to identification

Mu$ila$ion is a condition where the body was foundare no longer intact in the form of 'ieces of body'arts caused by a criminal act#

An$hropome$r' is a series ofsystematic measurement techni?uethat re+eals the ?uantitati+edimensions of the human body and

s!eleton

An$hropolog', an$hropome$r',

and mu$ila$ion



ETHODS of RESEAR!H



A/ "nstalation forensic of Kariadi

0ospital *emaran1

B/ 23 Novem4er 3 Decem4er 25#6

Location and ti"e

Descriptiveanalitic

'rogram

Crosssectional

Type of

Re#earch



A7orda4le8 Colla1e

st!dent 90ic0 t0ro!10period of clinical 9or:in1in forensic instalation ofKariadi Hospital*emaran1

Colla1e st!dent 90ic0 t0ro!10period of clinical 9or:in1 inforensic instalation of KariadiHospital *emaran1 since $5Novem4er ; 3 Decem4er 25#6

+ar1et8 Colla1e st!dent 90ic0 t0ro!10period of clinical 9or:in1 in KariadiHospital

SUBJECT

PPU/2TI@

Sam'le



C

R"

+)R

"A

*AM'()

#/ Colla1e st!dent90ic0

approval to

participate ont0is researc0

2/ A1e <2#

$/ Do not ever 0aveincident of

fract!re s:eleton

3/ Have not p0ysicaldisa4ility

#/ Colla1e st!dent90ic0 0ave

not normal 0ei10t

2/ Colle1e st!dent90ic0

disa4le to standin1perfect

9it0 !n:no9n reason

"ncl!sion

e=cl!cion



• *at!ratedsample

Technic sam'ling

• #5$respondent

Total sam'ling



'reparation researc0

'roced!re researc0

Mappin1 an o!tp!t

"denti>ed sample

,eri>cation ofincl!si and

e=cl!ci criteria"nformed Consent

Analy?e dataMeas!rement

0ei10t and ti4ialen1t0

'rimaryconcl!sion of

researc0



INSTRUMEN RESEARCH

Heigh$

6eng$h measuremen$

Tibia /ength

S$a$ure Me$er78ro%$h har$



Measurement height



Measurement tibia length



#/ +0e o!tp!t 9ill 4e served indescriptive format 90ic0

descri4in1 varia4le of researc0

2/ 2/ Find o!t correlation

4et9een varia4le

$/ Calc!lation re1resi formata4o!t meas!rement of 0ei10tand ti4ia len1t0 4ased on se=

%men and 9oman&

3/ 'rimary concl!sion

ANA(.@"NG DA+A



Resu!ts of Research an"Ana!#sis



Measuremen$s Resul$s

A+erage Heigh$ 9Mean "9%*; cm

A+erage (ibia 6eng$h 9Mean ;*5 cm

Minimum Heigh$ "< cm

Minimum (ibia 6eng$h % cm

Ma;imum Heigh$ "5" cm

Ma;imum (ibia 6eng$h cm

(o$al "= 'eo'les

Distribution Of Respondents



Se; n <

Male %

Female ;= 95

(o$al "= "==

Distribution Of Respondents by Sex

Measuremen$s n Mean sd

Male Heigh$ ";"*= cm ;#"=4%;

Female Heigh$ ;= "<5*;= cm <#9%9=

Height Comparison of Male and Female

omparison of (ibia 6eng$h =e$%een Men and



Measuremen$s n Mean sd

(ibia 6eng$h9Male

=*% cm "#5;""

(ibia 6eng$h

9Female

;= ; cm "#59%%=

omparison of (ibia 6eng$h =e$%een Men and Women

Measuremen$s Pearson

orrela$ion 9r

n P

(ibia 6eng$h

and Heigh$

9Female

=*;4; ;= =*===

Re!ationshi$ Bet%een Ti&ia Length an" Height'Fea!e(




orrela$ion 9r

n P

(ibia 6eng$h

and Heigh$

9Male

=*9 =*===

Relationship Between Tibia ength and Height !Male"


orrela$ion 9r

n P

(ibia 6eng$h

and Heigh$

9Male and

Female

=*599 "= =*===

Relationship Between Tibia ength and Height !Maleand Female"



Measureme

n$s

= S =e$a P

ons$an$a <"#994 9#= - =#===

(ibia

6eng$h

%#4 =#"94 =#599 =#===

Relationship between Tibia ength and Height based

on inier Regression !Male and Female"

Formulation for Height # $%&''( ) *&((+ !Tibia ength"



Measurem

en$s

= S =e$a P

ons$an$a 9%#< 5#54 - =#===

(ibia6eng$h

%#9%% =#%" =#;4; =#===

Rela$ionship be$%een (ibia 6eng$h andHeigh$ based on 6inier Regression 9Female

Formula$ion for Heigh$ 9Female > 3-.012 ?

-.3-- 9(ibia 6eng$h



Rela$ionship be$%een (ibia 6eng$h andHeigh$ based on 6inier Regression 9Male

Formula$ion for Heigh$ 9Male > @1.32 ?/.@3 9(ibia 6eng$h

Measure

men$s

= S =e$a P

ons$an$

a

4#9=< "9#5% - =#===

(ibia

6eng$h

"#4=9 =#"5 =#9 =#===



Comparison of Resear,hers Formulation and-re.ious Formulation !-ari/h formulation0 D1a1aSurya 2tmad1a formulation" to ,al,ulate height

based on tibia length !Male and Female"

Formula$ion Sampels

"umbers -5

9Male, (ibia

6eng$h > 1 *m

Sampels

"umber /4

9Female ,(ibia

6eng$h > 05 *m

e$

Resear*hers

Formula$ion

";"*5 cm "9<*= cm 2''roach 2ctual

1eight

Amri AmirFormula$ion

"94*95 cm "9;* cm 2''roach 2ctual1eight

A*$ual Heigh$ ";" cm "9< cm

C i f i




based on Tibia ength !Female"

Formula$ion Female Sampels

"umber igh$

,(ibia 6eng$h: 03

*m

Female Sampels

"umber fif$',

(ibia 6eng$h: 02

*m

"o$e

Resear*hers

Formula$ion

"<9*;; cm "<*""< cm 2''roach actual

height

Pari#h

Formula$ion

"9=*<9 cm "<9*" cm 2''roach actual

height

Djaja Sur'a

A$madja

Formula$ion

"<9*%; cm "<*=%5< cm Approac0 act!al

0ei10t

A*$ual heigh$ "<9 cm* "<< cm

C i f R h F l i d




based on tibia length !Male"

Formula$ion Male Sampels

"umber

Si;$een ,(ibia

6eng$h: 1- *m

Male Sampels

"umber (%en$'

(%o (ibia

6eng$h: 05 *m

"o$e

Resear*hers

Formula$ion

";#9<; cm "9;*= cm 2''roach actual

height

Pari#h

Formula$ion

"55#<5 cm ";=#9% cm 2''roach actual

height

Djaja Sur'a

A$madja

Formula$ion

";9#<% cm "99*559 cm Approac0 act!al

0ei10t

A*$ual heigh$ ";< cm "95 cm



C(O*"NG

RESEAR!H LIITATIO$S



RESEAR!H LIITATIO$S

"# The Aorrelation between these +ariables are not acausality correlation because this study used crosssectional design which can only assess the correlation between these +ariables in one 'eriod at a time

%# The 'o'ulation of sam'le used during this study onlycame from the A-2SS students in the $orensicde'artment # .ecause of this* the final result of thisresearch cannot be used to describe the general

'o'ulation as a whole#

# The chances of .ias during the data collection

CONC(U*"ON



CONC(U*"ON

•The re#ult of the re#earch and di#cu##ion % &econcluded that there i# a #trong correlation

bet&een the length of tibia bone and the bodyheight of indi'idual#•The body height can be deter"ined u#ing thelength of tibia bone ba#ed by the #e(e# ofindi'idual



(he *on*lusions are $he indi+idual bod' heigh$ *an be de$ermined using $hese regression formula:

)f $he gender are unde$ermined:

8 =H > 2/,33@ ? -,@@09(ibia leng$h)f $he gender *an be de$ermined:

8 =H > 3-,012 ? -,3--9Female (ibia leng$h

8 =H > @1,32 ? /,@3 9Male (ibia leng$h

*UGG)*+"ON



*UGG)*+"ON

Using different body 'art in future researchsand using larger 'o'ulations

8 Re+iew and ree+aluation of the study sothe regression formula can be used todetermine the body height of indi+idualsunder the age of %" years old

The same research can also be used usingdifferent ethnics in Indonesia to gain more

data for this formula #



(HA" &O!

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