penggunaan metode meta-analisis dalam upaya mewujudkan … · 2018-07-07 · d....
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Penggunaan metode meta-analisis dalam upaya mewujudkan Feeding Standard Indonesia
Anuraga Jayanegara, Muhammad Ridla, Erika B. Laconi, NahrowiFakultas Peternakan IPB
Outline
A. PendahuluanB. Feeding standard negara lainC. Feeding standard IndonesiaD. Meta-analisisE. Penggunaan meta-analisis dalam feeding standardF. Apakah akurat?
A. Pendahuluan
- Optimalisasi produktivitas ternak formulasi ransum seimbang
- Data untuk formulasi ransum:1. Komposisi nutrien bahan pakan yang digunakan dalam
formulasi2. Kebutuhan nutrisi ternak
- Suatu feeding standard mencakup dua kategori informasi (data) di atas
B. Feeding standard negara lain
- Umumnya dimiliki oleh negara-negara maju- Sejumlah negara yang memiliki feeding standard:
1. USA (NRC)2. UK (AFRC)3. Jerman (GfE)4. Perancis (INRA)5. Dutch (VEM DVE)6. Australia (CSIRO)7. Skandinavia (NORFOR)8. Brazil (BR CORTE)
- Komposisi nutrien bahan pakan:- Sudah berbasis nutrien terutilisasi- Ruminansia: net energy (NE), metabolisable protein (MP)- Unggas: metabolisable energy (ME), digestible amino acids
- Kebutuhan nutrisi ternak:- Spesifik untuk setiap spesies ternak- Spesifik untuk setiap bangsa ternak (faktor koreksi), jenis
kelamin, umur, fase fisiologis, level produksi
Rumen degradation model CP fraction
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
de
gra
da
tio
n O
M (
%)
incubation time (h)
A + B
Kf
A
U
NRC 2001
kf
RDCP = A + ----------- * B
kf + kp
kp
BP = U + ----------- * B kf + kp
MP = TDOM x 0.130
microbial growth yield
Total digestible
organic matter
TDOM = TDN – (EE - 1) x 2.25
NRC-system (2001)
TPDSI = BPDSI + MPDSI – MDPL (endogenous N loss)
MPDSI = FOM x 0.150 x 0.75 x 0.85
microbial growth yield
AA-content
Duodenal digestibility true microbial protein
Fermentable organic
matter
Belgian-Dutch DVE-system (1994)
NRC-system (2001)
MPDSI = TDOM x 0.130 x 0.80 x 0.80
microbial growth yield
Total digestible
organic matterAA-content
Endogenous N loss (g/d) =
DMI (kg/d) x 1.9
C. Feeding standard Indonesia
- Feeding standard resmi belum ada AINI?- Penyusunan feeding standard memerlukan
sumberdaya yang tidak sedikit: manusia, waktu, finansial, fasilitas, dsb.
- Data komposisi nutrien bahan pakan:- Belum dielaborasi dan tersimpan pada
masing-masing institusi (PT, lembaga riset, industri)
- Milestone: Tabel komposisi bahan pakan Indonesia (UGM; Hartadi et al., 1980)
- Data kebutuhan nutrisi ternak di Indonesia:- Masih sedikit- Terbatas pada eksperimen yang dilakukan problem
dalam generalisasi dan aplikasi pada skala yang lebih luas
- Metode penentuan kebutuhan nutrisi:1. Kalorimetri2. Comparative slaughter technique3. Meta-analisis dari feeding trials
D. Meta-analisis
- Research synthesis = review of primary research on a given topic with a purpose of integrating the findings (creating generalizations, conflict resolution)
- Systematic review = the type of research synthesis on a precisely defined topic using systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, critically appraise and analyze relevant research
- Meta-analysis = statistical synthesis of the results of separate studies (quantitative research synthesis)
Research synthesis
Systematic review Meta-analysis
Step in meta-analytic process
Statistical models
ANOVA-based meta-analysis
Fixed or random effects?
Examples of meta-analyses
E. Meta-analisis dalam feeding standard
- Studi kasus: data feeding trials pada domba di Indonesia- Data merupakan hasil publikasi pada sejumlah jurnal
peternakan di Indonesia seperti Media Peternakan, Jurnal Pengembangan Peternakan Tropis, Buletin Peternakan, Jurnal Produksi Ternak, Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner, dsb.
- Total jumlah studi (artikel) = 34 artikel, 151 data- Bangsa: priangan, ekor gemuk, lokal (tidak spesifik)- Penentuan kebutuhan energi (TDN) dan protein (PK), baik
untuk maintenance maupun gain
Figure 1. Relationship between
initial body weight (BW0, kg) and
dry matter intake (DMI, g/d).
DMI (g/d) = 288 + 21.6 BW0 (kg)
(N = 137; P<0.001; R2 = 0.829).
All interactions between breed, sex
and BW0 on DMI were
insignificant.
Figure 2. Relationship between initial body weight (BW0, kg) and percentage of dry
matter intake (DMI) to BW0.
DMI (%BW0) = 6.04 – 0.120 BW0 (kg) (N = 137; P = 0.003; R2 = 0.746).
All interactions between breed, sex and BW0 on DMI were insignificant.
Figure 3. Relationship between dry matter intake (DMI, g/kg MBW/d) and average daily
gain (ADG, g/kg MBW/d).
DMI (g/kg MBW/d) = 57.6 + 2.20 ADG (g/kg MBW/d) (N = 137; P<0.001; R2 = 0.823).
All interactions between breed, sex and ADG on DMI were insignificant.
Figure 4. Relationship between total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI, g/kg MBW/d) and average
daily gain (ADG, g/kg MBW/d) of local (-○-), Priangan (-∆-) and fat-tailed (-□-) sheep breeds.
Local breed:
TDNI (g/kg MBW/d) = 27.0 + 2.75 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)
(N = 46; P<0.001; R2 = 0.833)
Priangan breed:
TDNI (g/kg MBW/d) = 28.2 + 0.860 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)
(N = 26; P<0.001; R2 = 0.829)
Fat-tailed breed:
TDNI (g/kg MBW/d) = 27.5 + 1.22 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)
(N = 9; P = 0.019; R2 = 0.568)
Figure 5. Relationship between crude protein intake (CPI, g/kg MBW/d) and average daily gain
(ADG, g/kg MBW/d) of local (-○-), Priangan (-∆-) and fat-tailed (-□-) sheep breeds.
Local breed:
CPI (g/kg MBW/d) = 6.27 + 0.497 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)
(N = 88; P<0.001; R2 = 0.844)
Priangan breed:
CPI (g/kg MBW/d) = 6.47 + 0.295 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)
(N = 33; P<0.001; R2 = 0.823)
Fat-tailed breed:
CPI (g/kg MBW/d) = 6.33 + 0.336 ADG (g/kg MBW/d)
(N = 16; P<0.001; R2 = 0.851)
F. Apakah akurat?
Salah et al. (2014)
1. Dibandingkan dengan literatur
2. Dibandingkan dengan data real lapangan
- Peternakan domba MT Farm, Bogor- 500 ekor domba, mayoritas domba priangan- BB rata-rata saat awal penggemukan 18 kg- PBB teramati 80-100 g/ekor/hari- Pemberian pakan untuk 500 ekor domba (segar)/hari:
- Daun + batang jagung = 100 kg- Kulit singkong = 125 kg- Ampas tahu = 125 kg- Konsentrat = 100 kg
Bahan BK abu BO PK LK SK BETN TDNDaun+batang jagung 69.0 8 92 6.5 2.3 33 50.2 57.5Kulit singkong 47.2 17.7 82.3 11.2 4.3 6.5 60.3 68Ampas tahu 53.2 10 90 25.6 5.3 14.5 44.6 76Konsentrat 80.3 10 90 9.5 6.5 17.5 56.5 66.5
Kalkulasi: Excel sheetTDN allowable gain = 141 g/ekor/hariPK allowable gain = 50.6 g/ekor/hariKesimpulan: ransum tidak seimbang (↑energi, ↓protein)
Thank you very much for your attention!