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Arif Sasongko

SekolahTeknik Elektro dan Informatika

InstitutTeknologi Bandung

EL 5143 Metodologi dan Analisa

Sistem Embedded

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Pendahuluan

EL5143 Metodologi dan Analisa ...2

y Peserta : ..

y Dosen : Arif Sasongko

y Tempat : R. Multimedia, Lab Elektronikay Waktu: 1x perminggu (Senin, 11:00)

y Bentuk kuliah: Kuliah dengan beberapa

tugas/proyek kecil

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Tujuan

3

y Mengerti tentang embedded system, klasifikasi,

issue-issue dalam perancangan embedded system,

dan komponen pendukung/pembentuknyay Mengenal pengetahuan/skill dasar yang

dibutuhkan untuk merancang suatu embedded

system

EL5143 Metodologi dan Analisa ...

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Kuliah Embedded System

4

y Pendukung:ySystem Engineering

ySistem Digital

ySistem MikroprosesoryArsitektur KomputeryPerogramanyElektronika

y Instrumentasiy.


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Penilaian

5

y Proyek/Tugas 4-5 tugas/proyek dengan nilai 60%-70 %

y Demo

y Laporan

y Presentasi

y Ujian (1x) dengan nilai 20%-30 %

y Hal-hal lain dengan nilai 10 %


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Proyek/Tugas 2 Tahun Lalu

6

y Tugas membuat pseudocode assembler untuk

persamaan matematika, (2tugas)

y Implementasi processor sederhana

y Pemrograman processor(ATMEL)

y Penggunaan Operating System (eCOS)

y Proyek besar Token Generator danToken

Extractor


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Pelaksanaan Kuliah

7

y Tugas dilaksanakan perorangan kecuali disebutkan

lain(default)

y Dalam hal tugas kelompok, kelompok akan terdiri dari

dua orang, tetapi masing-masing harus membuat laporandan presentasi, sehingga nilai akan tetap bersifat

perorangan

y Kecurangan dalam bentuk apapun akan langsung

mengakibatkan (minimal) ketidak lulusan


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Embedded systems overview

y Embedded computing systems

y Computing systems embedded within

electronic devices

y

Hard to define. Nearly any computing systemother than a desktop computer

y Billions of units produced yearly, versus

millions of desktop units

y Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile

Computers are inhere...

and here...

and even here...

Lots more of these,though they cost a lotless each.

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9

A short list of embedded systems

And the list goes on and on

Anti-lock brakesAuto-focus camerasAutomatic teller machinesAutomatic toll systemsAutomatic transmissionAvionic systemsBattery chargersCamcordersCell phonesCell-phone base stations

Cordless phonesCruise controlCurbside check-in systemsDigital camerasDisk drivesElectronic card readersElectronic instrumentsElectronic toys/gamesFactory controlFax machinesFingerprint identifiers

Home security systemsLife-support systemsMedical testing systems

ModemsMPEG decodersNetwork cardsNetwork switches/routersOn-board navigationPagersPhotocopiersPoint-of-sale systemsPortable video gamesPrinters

Satellite phonesScannersSmart ovens/dishwashersSpeech recognizersStereo systemsTeleconferencing systemsTelevisionsTemperature controllersTheft tracking systemsTV set-top boxes

VCRs, DVD players

Video game consolesVideo phonesWashers and dryers


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10

Karakteristik

y FungsiTunggal

y Executes a single program, repeatedly

y Tightly-constrained

y Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.y Reactive dan real-time

y Continually reacts to changes in the systems environment

y Must compute certain results in real-time within limited delay


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11

Contoh embedded system -- digital

camera

Microcontroller

CCD preprocessor Pixel coprocessorA2D

D2A

JPEG codec

DMA controller

Memory controller ISA bus interface UART LCD ctrl

Display ctrl

Multiplier/Accum

Digital camera chip

lens

CCD

Fungsi tunggal -- always a digital camera

Tightly-constrained -- Low cost, low power, small, fast

Reactive dan real-time -- only to a small extent


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Klasifikasi

y Kompleksitas: small, medium, sophisticated

y Implementasi: uProcessor, computer-based, SoC, network

y Real-time vs Non real-time

y


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Body ofKnowlegde


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Struktur Kuliah


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Struktur Kuliah

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Struktur Kuliah

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Struktur Kuliah

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CHARACTERISTICS

y Low-end embedded application, 4/8 bit microcontroller,

very small program

y

Cost limitation, scarcity of resourcesSKILL&CHALLENGES

y Assembly language, Hw/Sw Interaction, Resource

Optimation

y Economics scale

y SISMIK cukup ?

Small and Single Microcontroller

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CHARACTERISTICS

y Used for control feedback

y Specification is coming from closed loop specification of

entire system !!y Example: automotive cruise control system

SKILL&CHALLENGES

y Model based design dynamics of physical system

y HIL testing !!

y Control theory is necessary !!

Embedded Control System

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CHARACTERISTICS

y Multiple CPU connected through real time low bandwidth

network

y

Example: automotive control computingSKILL&CHALLENGES

y Real-time performance with tight constraint

y Distributed computing theory, transaction oriented/event

trigger system

Distributed Embedded Control

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CHARACTERISTICS

y Multi processor, Heterogenous, Aplication Spesific IC design

y Mass product

y Example: Cellular phone, Game consoleSKILL&CHALLENGES

y Heterogeneous

y Super complex

y Various skill

y Codesign (Hw/Sw)

System on Chip

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CHARACTERISTICS

y Bisa PC tapi lambat dan mahal dibanding dedicated pproduct

y Predictive, high data rate

y Example: RouterSKILL&CHALLENGES

y Predictive, high troughput

y RTOS is necessary

y Packet processing

Networking

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CHARACTERISTICS

y PC tapi diadaptasi untuk bentuk/keperluan khusus sehingga

tidak menyerupai PC

y

Example: wearable computer, HMDSKILL&CHALLENGES

y Product design

y Form factor

y Safety

Embedded PC

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CHARACTERISTICS

y Bisa PC tapi lambat dan mahal dibanding dedicated pproduct

y Predictive, high data rate

y Example: RouterSKILL&CHALLENGES

y Predictive, high troughput

y RTOS is necessary

y Packet processing

Networking

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CHARACTERISTICS

y Menggabungkan traditional safety and mission critical system

y High safety and high dependability

y Example: Powerplan control, medical, SKILL&CHALLENGES

y Safety analysis FEMEA,FTA

y Very discipline and accountable software development

Networking

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CHARACTERISTICS

SKILL&CHALLENGES

Robotics

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CHARACTERISTICS

SKILL&CHALLENGES

ComputerPeripherals

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CHARACTERISTICS

SKILL&CHALLENGES

Signal Processing

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CHARACTERISTICS

SKILL&CHALLENGES

Command and Control

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Skill/pengetahuan yang diperlukan

Embedded System designer


y Pengetahuan mengenai arsitektur komputer

y Pengetahuan mengenai macam-macam hardware dan

perancangan sistem hardware

y Operating system: context switch, inter processcommunication,

y Programming

y Real-time system

y Design methodology

y Aplikasi

y Economics aspect

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Design Example

y Robot Control Unit (RCU)

of Arvand soccer-playing

robots

Bottom View of

Arvand Robots

castor wheel

motion wheels

Touch

sensors

Infra-Red

Sensors

steering

motors

(not

shown)

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Design Example (contd)

y Things to handle

y Motors

y PWM for motion motors

y DC control for steering

y Touch sensors

y Read-in and refresh values

y Infra-Red sensors

y Reset, then read them

y Communication to the main motherboardy RS-232 serial link

castor wheel

motion wheels

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Design Example (contd)y Implementation steps

1. Choose HW or SW implementation per operation2. Design the analog IO parts3. Design the Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

1. Pass the PCB files to manufacturing firms4. HW: Develop the FPGA contents

1. Program the FPGA configuration EEPROM

5. SW: Develop the 8051 program1. Program the 8051 instruction memory (EEPROM)

6. Integrate HW, SW, and the PCB7. Test

1. Limited test in isolation (as far as possible)2. Test in action (on the robot)

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Design Example (contd)

Fabrication Test

Systemdesign PCB test

SW test

Time

TasksTraditional System Design Process

Simulation

PCB design

SW design

FPGA design

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Analysisy Development

y Isolated (SW, HW, Analog electronics)

y Consistency check: designers

y

Debugy Before PCB is availabley Isolated (SW, HW, Analog)

y After PCB is available1. Remove the EEPROM/8051

2. Change the configuration/program

3. Re-insert the EEPROM/8051

What ifPCB initial design (or analog parts) waswrong?

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Analysis (contd)

y Some other problems

y Tools used

y Protel, OrCAD for PCB

y Altera MAX+Plus II for FPGA

y 8051 command-line compiler and debugger

y Tool interoperability issues

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Reference


y Embedded Systenified Hardware/Software Introduction,

Frank Vahid & Tony Givargis, John Wiley & Sons, 2002

y Design for Electrical and Computer Engineers: Theory,

Concepts, and Practice, Ralph M.Ford & Chris S.

Coulston,Mc Graw-Hill, 2008

y Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and

Design, Raj Kamal, Mc Graw-Hill, 2004

y

Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis: An EngineersHandbook, Phillip A. Laplante, IEEE press, 1993

kuliah1 2010

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