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Arif Sasongko
SekolahTeknik Elektro dan Informatika
InstitutTeknologi Bandung
EL 5143 Metodologi dan Analisa
Sistem Embedded
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Pendahuluan
EL5143 Metodologi dan Analisa ...2
y Peserta : ..
y Dosen : Arif Sasongko
y Tempat : R. Multimedia, Lab Elektronikay Waktu: 1x perminggu (Senin, 11:00)
y Bentuk kuliah: Kuliah dengan beberapa
tugas/proyek kecil
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Tujuan
3
y Mengerti tentang embedded system, klasifikasi,
issue-issue dalam perancangan embedded system,
dan komponen pendukung/pembentuknyay Mengenal pengetahuan/skill dasar yang
dibutuhkan untuk merancang suatu embedded
system
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Kuliah Embedded System
4
y Pendukung:ySystem Engineering
ySistem Digital
ySistem MikroprosesoryArsitektur KomputeryPerogramanyElektronika
y Instrumentasiy.
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Penilaian
5
y Proyek/Tugas 4-5 tugas/proyek dengan nilai 60%-70 %
y Demo
y Laporan
y Presentasi
y Ujian (1x) dengan nilai 20%-30 %
y Hal-hal lain dengan nilai 10 %
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Proyek/Tugas 2 Tahun Lalu
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y Tugas membuat pseudocode assembler untuk
persamaan matematika, (2tugas)
y Implementasi processor sederhana
y Pemrograman processor(ATMEL)
y Penggunaan Operating System (eCOS)
y Proyek besar Token Generator danToken
Extractor
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Pelaksanaan Kuliah
7
y Tugas dilaksanakan perorangan kecuali disebutkan
lain(default)
y Dalam hal tugas kelompok, kelompok akan terdiri dari
dua orang, tetapi masing-masing harus membuat laporandan presentasi, sehingga nilai akan tetap bersifat
perorangan
y Kecurangan dalam bentuk apapun akan langsung
mengakibatkan (minimal) ketidak lulusan
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Embedded systems overview
y Embedded computing systems
y Computing systems embedded within
electronic devices
y
Hard to define. Nearly any computing systemother than a desktop computer
y Billions of units produced yearly, versus
millions of desktop units
y Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile
Computers are inhere...
and here...
and even here...
Lots more of these,though they cost a lotless each.
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A short list of embedded systems
And the list goes on and on
Anti-lock brakesAuto-focus camerasAutomatic teller machinesAutomatic toll systemsAutomatic transmissionAvionic systemsBattery chargersCamcordersCell phonesCell-phone base stations
Cordless phonesCruise controlCurbside check-in systemsDigital camerasDisk drivesElectronic card readersElectronic instrumentsElectronic toys/gamesFactory controlFax machinesFingerprint identifiers
Home security systemsLife-support systemsMedical testing systems
ModemsMPEG decodersNetwork cardsNetwork switches/routersOn-board navigationPagersPhotocopiersPoint-of-sale systemsPortable video gamesPrinters
Satellite phonesScannersSmart ovens/dishwashersSpeech recognizersStereo systemsTeleconferencing systemsTelevisionsTemperature controllersTheft tracking systemsTV set-top boxes
VCRs, DVD players
Video game consolesVideo phonesWashers and dryers
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Karakteristik
y FungsiTunggal
y Executes a single program, repeatedly
y Tightly-constrained
y Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.y Reactive dan real-time
y Continually reacts to changes in the systems environment
y Must compute certain results in real-time within limited delay
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Contoh embedded system -- digital
camera
Microcontroller
CCD preprocessor Pixel coprocessorA2D
D2A
JPEG codec
DMA controller
Memory controller ISA bus interface UART LCD ctrl
Display ctrl
Multiplier/Accum
Digital camera chip
lens
CCD
Fungsi tunggal -- always a digital camera
Tightly-constrained -- Low cost, low power, small, fast
Reactive dan real-time -- only to a small extent
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Klasifikasi
y Kompleksitas: small, medium, sophisticated
y Implementasi: uProcessor, computer-based, SoC, network
y Real-time vs Non real-time
y
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Body ofKnowlegde
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Struktur Kuliah
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Struktur Kuliah
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Struktur Kuliah
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Struktur Kuliah
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EL2195 Metodologi dan Analisa ...18
CHARACTERISTICS
y Low-end embedded application, 4/8 bit microcontroller,
very small program
y
Cost limitation, scarcity of resourcesSKILL&CHALLENGES
y Assembly language, Hw/Sw Interaction, Resource
Optimation
y Economics scale
y SISMIK cukup ?
Small and Single Microcontroller
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EL2195 Metodologi dan Analisa ...19
CHARACTERISTICS
y Used for control feedback
y Specification is coming from closed loop specification of
entire system !!y Example: automotive cruise control system
SKILL&CHALLENGES
y Model based design dynamics of physical system
y HIL testing !!
y Control theory is necessary !!
Embedded Control System
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EL2195 Metodologi dan Analisa ...20
CHARACTERISTICS
y Multiple CPU connected through real time low bandwidth
network
y
Example: automotive control computingSKILL&CHALLENGES
y Real-time performance with tight constraint
y Distributed computing theory, transaction oriented/event
trigger system
Distributed Embedded Control
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EL2195 Metodologi dan Analisa ...21
CHARACTERISTICS
y Multi processor, Heterogenous, Aplication Spesific IC design
y Mass product
y Example: Cellular phone, Game consoleSKILL&CHALLENGES
y Heterogeneous
y Super complex
y Various skill
y Codesign (Hw/Sw)
System on Chip
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CHARACTERISTICS
y Bisa PC tapi lambat dan mahal dibanding dedicated pproduct
y Predictive, high data rate
y Example: RouterSKILL&CHALLENGES
y Predictive, high troughput
y RTOS is necessary
y Packet processing
Networking
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CHARACTERISTICS
y PC tapi diadaptasi untuk bentuk/keperluan khusus sehingga
tidak menyerupai PC
y
Example: wearable computer, HMDSKILL&CHALLENGES
y Product design
y Form factor
y Safety
Embedded PC
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CHARACTERISTICS
y Bisa PC tapi lambat dan mahal dibanding dedicated pproduct
y Predictive, high data rate
y Example: RouterSKILL&CHALLENGES
y Predictive, high troughput
y RTOS is necessary
y Packet processing
Networking
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CHARACTERISTICS
y Menggabungkan traditional safety and mission critical system
y High safety and high dependability
y Example: Powerplan control, medical, SKILL&CHALLENGES
y Safety analysis FEMEA,FTA
y Very discipline and accountable software development
Networking
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CHARACTERISTICS
SKILL&CHALLENGES
Robotics
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CHARACTERISTICS
SKILL&CHALLENGES
ComputerPeripherals
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CHARACTERISTICS
SKILL&CHALLENGES
Signal Processing
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CHARACTERISTICS
SKILL&CHALLENGES
Command and Control
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Skill/pengetahuan yang diperlukan
Embedded System designer
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y Pengetahuan mengenai arsitektur komputer
y Pengetahuan mengenai macam-macam hardware dan
perancangan sistem hardware
y Operating system: context switch, inter processcommunication,
y Programming
y Real-time system
y Design methodology
y Aplikasi
y Economics aspect
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EL2195 Metodologi dan Analisa ...31
Design Example
y Robot Control Unit (RCU)
of Arvand soccer-playing
robots
Bottom View of
Arvand Robots
castor wheel
motion wheels
Touch
sensors
Infra-Red
Sensors
steering
motors
(not
shown)
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Design Example (contd)
y Things to handle
y Motors
y PWM for motion motors
y DC control for steering
y Touch sensors
y Read-in and refresh values
y Infra-Red sensors
y Reset, then read them
y Communication to the main motherboardy RS-232 serial link
castor wheel
motion wheels
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Design Example (contd)y Implementation steps
1. Choose HW or SW implementation per operation2. Design the analog IO parts3. Design the Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
1. Pass the PCB files to manufacturing firms4. HW: Develop the FPGA contents
1. Program the FPGA configuration EEPROM
5. SW: Develop the 8051 program1. Program the 8051 instruction memory (EEPROM)
6. Integrate HW, SW, and the PCB7. Test
1. Limited test in isolation (as far as possible)2. Test in action (on the robot)
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Design Example (contd)
Fabrication Test
Systemdesign PCB test
SW test
Time
TasksTraditional System Design Process
Simulation
PCB design
SW design
FPGA design
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Analysisy Development
y Isolated (SW, HW, Analog electronics)
y Consistency check: designers
y
Debugy Before PCB is availabley Isolated (SW, HW, Analog)
y After PCB is available1. Remove the EEPROM/8051
2. Change the configuration/program
3. Re-insert the EEPROM/8051
What ifPCB initial design (or analog parts) waswrong?
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Analysis (contd)
y Some other problems
y Tools used
y Protel, OrCAD for PCB
y Altera MAX+Plus II for FPGA
y 8051 command-line compiler and debugger
y Tool interoperability issues
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Reference
EL2195 Metodologi dan Analisa ...37
y Embedded Systenified Hardware/Software Introduction,
Frank Vahid & Tony Givargis, John Wiley & Sons, 2002
y Design for Electrical and Computer Engineers: Theory,
Concepts, and Practice, Ralph M.Ford & Chris S.
Coulston,Mc Graw-Hill, 2008
y Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and
Design, Raj Kamal, Mc Graw-Hill, 2004
y
Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis: An EngineersHandbook, Phillip A. Laplante, IEEE press, 1993