i

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK STRAWBERRY

(FRAGARIA X ANANASSA VAR DUCHESNE) SEBAGAI ANTIINFLAMASI

PADA TIKUS PUTIH STRAIN WISTAR (RATTUS NOVERGICUS)

YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN 1%

Oleh :

DEVI DEWANTI

201010330311023

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2015

ii

HASIL PENELITIAN

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK STRAWBERRY

(FRAGARIA X ANANASSA VAR DUCHESNE) SEBAGAI ANTIINFLAMASI

PADA TIKUS PUTIH STRAIN WISTAR (RATTUS NOVERGICUS)

YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN 1%

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang untuk memenuhi

salah satu persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan

Program Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh :

DEVI DEWANTI

201010330311023

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2015

iii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN

Telah disetujui sebagai hasil penelitian

untuk memenuhi persyaratan

Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Tanggal : 17 Februari 2015

Pembimbing I

dr. Fathiyah Safithri, M.Kes

Pembimbing II

dr. Gita Sekar Prihanti, MPdKed

Mengetahui,

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Dekan,

Dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes

iv

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN

Karya Tulis Akhir oleh Devi Dewanti

telah di uji dan dipertahankan di depan Tim Penguji

pada tanggal 17 Februari 2015

Tim Penguji

dr. Fathiyah Safithri, M.Kes , Ketua

dr. Sri Adila Nurainiwati Sp.KK , Anggota

dr. Gita Sekar Prihanti, MPdKed , Anggota

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas kasih dan cinta-Nya sehingga penulisan

tugas akhir yang berjudul “Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Strawberry (Fragaria X

Ananassa Var Duchesne) Sebagai Antiinflamasi Pada Tikus Putih Strain Wistar

(Rattus Novergicus) Yang Diinduksi Karagenan 1%” ini dapat diselesaikan dengan

baik. Tugas akhir ini diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Pada kesempatan ini, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada :

1. Allah SWT, Berkat rahmat dan petunjuk-Nya sehingga penulis dapat

menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.

2. dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes., selaku dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang atas bimbingannya selama di FK-UMM.

3. dr. Fathiyah Safithri, M.Kes., selaku pembimbing I, atas bimbingan dan

kesabarannya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini dengan

baik.

4. dr. Gita Sekar Prihanti, MPdKed, selaku pembimbing II, atas bimbingan

dan semangatnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini

dengan baik.

5. dr. Sri Adila Nurainiwati Sp.KK, selaku penguji tugas akhir ini, atas

masukan-masukannya yang sangat membantu dalam penyelesaian tugas

akhir ini.

vi

6. H.Pitoyo dan Hj. Rusmiyati, selaku orang tua penulis yang telah bekerja

keras untuk memberikan semua yang terbaik, dan selalu memberikan doa,

mengarahkan, membimbing, serta memberikan semangat kepada penulis

sehingga bisa menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.

7. drg. Lia Puspita selaku kakak penulis, terima kasih atas doa, semangat,

saran, dan idenya dalam membantu kelancaran tugas akhir ini.

8. Tantia Devi Iralawati, Farahiya Nabila, Fika Taslim, Intan Ayu Islami,

Iwana Anni Rakhmawati, Rezky Ami Cahyaharnita, selaku sahabat terbaik

dan orang terdekat yang selalu setia menemani, memberi semangat, dan

membantu memperbaiki kekurangan dalam setiap proses pengerjaan tugas

akhir ini dan teman-teman FK UMM 2010 lainnya.

9. Kakak-kakak 2008 dan 2009, adik-adik 2011 dan 2012 dan teman-teman

BEM FK UMM 2010.

10. Mas Miftah, Pak Kus, dan tim laboratorium biomedik lainnya, tim

laboratorium skill, serta para staff dan karyawan TU.

11. Pak Yono, Bu Endah, Mas Didit, Mbak Citra, Mbak Nuke, selaku pegawai

TU FK UMM yang telah membantu dalam setiap proses demi kelancaran

pengerjaan tugas akhir ini.

12. Semua pihak yang terlibat langsung maupun tidak langsung yang tidak

mampu penulis sebutkan satu-persatu.

Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini masih belum sempurna, untuk itu

penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun. Semoga karya tulis ini

dapat bermanfaat.

Malang, Februari 2015

Penulis

vii

ABSTRAK

Dewanti, Devi. 2015, Efek Anti Inflamasi Ekstrak Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa

Duchesne) terhadap Tikus Strain Wistar (Rattus Novergicus) yang Diinjeksi

Karagenan 1%, Tugas Akhir, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang. Pembimbing: (1) Fathiyah Safithri*), (2) Gita Sekar

Prihanti**).

Latar Belakang : Inflamasi merupakan respon protektif untuk menyingkirkan stimulus

berbahaya. Untuk mengobati inflamasi biasa digunakan obat golongan NSAID yang

memiliki efek samping merugikan bagi pasien. Strawberry mengandung flavonoid yang

dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim cyclooxygenase, sehingga dapat mengurangi dan

menurunkan inflamasi.

Tujuan : Untuk membuktikan ekstrak strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne)

berpengaruh sebagai anti inflamasi terhadap tikus strain wistar (Rattus novergicus) yang

diinjeksi karagenan 1%.

Metode : Penelitian eksperimental dengan The Pre and Post Test Control Group

Design, menggunakan 4 kelompok: (1) kontrol positif, (2) perlakuan dosis 150

mg/kgBB, (3) perlakuan dosis 300 mg/kgBB, dan (4) perlakuan dosis 450

mg/kgBB. Analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, homogenitas, uji korelasi

regresi, HSD Tukey 5% dan One Way ANOVA

Hasil dan Diskusi : Uji One Way ANOVA pada jam ke-3 didapatkan nillai sig = 0,005

(p

viii

ABSTRACT

Dewanti, Devi. 2015, Anti Inflammatory Effect of Strawberry Extract (Fragaria x

ananassa Duchesne) to Carrageenan Injected Strain Wistar Rats (Rattus

novergicus) . Final Assignment, Faculty of Medicine University of

Muhammadiyah Malang. Supervisors: (1) Fathiyah Safithri*), (2) Gita Sekar

Prihanti **).

Background : Inflammation is a protective response of the harmful stimulus. To reduce

inflammation, people used NSAID which caused many adverse effect. Strawberry

contains flavonoid which can inhibit cyclooxygenase enzym, so can reduce inflammation.

Objective : To explore out that strawberry extract take anti inflammatory effect to

carrageenan injected strain wistar rats.

Method : This study was an experimental study with the Pre and Post Test Control Group

Design and using 4 groups: (1) control, (2) treatment dose of 150 mg / kg, (3) treatment

dose of 300 mg / kg, and (4) treatment dose of 450 mg / kg. Data analysis was using

normality, homogeneity test, correlation and linear regression, Tukey HSD 5% and One-

Way ANOVA.

Result and Discussion : One Way ANOVA test on the third hour (ANOVA p

ix

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

JUDUL ....................................................................................................................i

HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... iii

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ........................................................................................ iv

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ v

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ vii

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah................................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................................... 4

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .............................................................................. 4

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ........................................................................ 4

1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis ............................................................................... 4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 5

2.1 Strawberry ............................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Taksonomi Buah Strawberry ........................................................ 5

2.1.2 Morfologi Buah Strawberry .......................................................... 6

2.1.3 Kandungan Strawberry.................................................................. 8

2.2 Inflamasi Akut ...................................................................................... 14

2.2.1 Definisi Inflamasi Akut ............................................................... 14

2.2.2 Patofisiologi Inflamasi ................................................................ 15

2.2.3 Mediator Inflamasi ...................................................................... 18

x

2.2.4 Manifestasi Klinis Inflamasi akut ............................................... 19

2.3 Karagenan ............................................................................................. 20

2.3.1 Definisi Karagenan...................................................................... 20

2.3.2 Mekanisme Karagenan sebagai Penginduksi Inflamasi .............. 21

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .................... 22

3.1 Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................. 22

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian .............................................................................. 23

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN.......................................................................... 24

4.1 Rancangan Penelitian ........................................................................... 24

4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................... 24

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ............................................................ 24

4.3.1 Populasi Penelitian ................................................................... 24

4.3.2 Sampel Penelitian .................................................................... 24

4.3.3 Teknik Sampling ...................................................................... 24

4.3.4 Estimasi Besar Sampel ............................................................. 25

4.3.5 Kriteria Sampel Penelitian ....................................................... 25

4.3.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi ............................................................ 25

4.3.5.2 Kriteria Eksklusi .......................................................... 26

4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................... 26

4.3.6.1 Variabel Bebas ............................................................ 26

4.3.6.2 Variabel Tergantung .................................................... 26

4.3.7 Definisi Operasional ................................................................ 26

4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian .................................................................... 27

4.4.1 Alat ........................................................................................... 27

4.4.2 Bahan ....................................................................................... 28

4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 28

4.5.1 Dasar Penentuan Dosis Ekstrak Strawberry ............................ 28

4.5.2 Pembagian Kelompok Tikus .................................................... 28

4.5.3 Adaptasi Hewan Coba ............................................................. 29

4.5.4 Induksi Karagenan ................................................................... 29

4.5.5 Pemberian Ekstrak Strawberry ............................................... 29

4.5.6 Pembuatan Ekstrak Strawberry ............................................... 30

xi

4.5.7 Pembuatan Larutan Karagenan 1% ......................................... 31

4.5.8 Prosedur Pelaksanaan dan Pengumpulan Data ....................... 31

4.6 Alur Penelitian ...................................................................................... 33

4.7 Analisis Data......................................................................................... 34

BAB 5 HASIL DAN ANALISIS DATA PENELITIAN ..................................... 35

5.1 Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................................... 35

5.2 Analisis Data Penelitian ........................................................................ 38

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ....................................................................................... 43

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 45

7.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 45

7.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 45

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 46

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 50

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 2.1 Kandungan Nutrisi Strawberry .............................................................. 8

Tabel 2.2 Kandungan Asam Amino Strawberry ..................................................... 8

Tabel 2.3 Kandungan Mineral Strawberry .............................................................. 9

Tabel 2.4 Kandungan Vitamin Strawberry ............................................................. 9

Tabel 2.5 Kandungan Flavonoid Strawberry .......................................................... 9

xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa Var Duchesne) .............................. 6

Gambar 2.2 Rumus Bangun Kimia Flavonoid ...................................................... 10

Gambar 2.3 Rumus Bangun Kimia Antosianin .................................................... 11

xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

C/EBP : CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein

CAT : Catalase

COX : Cyclooxygenase

COX-1 : Cyclooxygenase-1

COX-2 : Cyclooxygenase-2

Na : Natrium

NF-κB : Nuclear Factor-kappa B

NO : Nitrite Oxide

TNF : Tumor Necrosis Factor- α

IL-1 : Interleukin 1

PG : Prostaglandin

PGI1 : Prostasiklin

PGE2 : Prostaglandin E2

xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran Halaman

Lampiran 1: Hasil Penelitian Pendahuluan ............................................. 50

Lampiran 2: Data Hasil Penelitian .......................................................... 52

Lampiran 3: Tabel Konversi Dosis..........................................................55

Lampiran 4: Analisis Data ...................................................................... 56

Lampiran 5: Dokumentasi Penelitian ...................................................... 66

Lampiran 6: Determinasi Tanaman Strawberry ...................................... 68

Lampiran 7: Surat Keterangan Penelitian ............................................... 69

Lampiran 8: Kartu Konsultasi Tugas Akhir.............................................70

xvi

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