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DAFTAR ISI
PENDAHULUAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
DAFTAR ISI -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
DAFTAR TABEL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x
DAFTAR GAMBAR ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- xi
MODUL 1
Kelainan Pada Bibir ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
4.1. Kelainan Cacat Bawaan ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
4.1.1. Sumbing Bibir --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
4.1.2. Cheilognathoschisis -------------------------------------------------------------- 2
4.1.3. Sumbing Palatum ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2
4.1.4. Cheilognathopalatoschisis ------------------------------------------------------ 2
4.1.5. Obique Facial Cleft -------------------------------------------------------------- 3
4.1.6. Transverse Facial Cleft ---------------------------------------------------------- 3
4.2. Radang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
4.2.1. Cheilitis Vesikularis -------------------------------------------------------------- 3
4.2.2. Cheilosis --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
4.2.3. Radang Kronis Tidak Spesifik -------------------------------------------------- 3
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4.2.4. Radang Kronis Spesifik ---------------------------------------------------------- 4
4.3. Tumor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
4.3.1. Tumor Jinak ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
4.3.2. Pseudo Tumor --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
4.3.2.1. Keratoacanthoma ------------------------------------------------------- 6
4.3.2.2. Granuloma Pyogenicum ----------------------------------------------- 6
4.3.2.3. Verruform Xanthoma --------------------------------------------------- 7
4.3.3. Tumor Ganas ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
4.3.3.1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------- 8
4.3.3.2. Definisi ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
4.3.3.3. Etiologi ------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
4.3.3.4. Gambaran Klinis -------------------------------------------------------- 11
4.3.3.5. Gambaran Histopatologis ---------------------------------------------- 12
4.3.3.6. Lokasi dan Insidensi ---------------------------------------------------- 12
4.3.3.7. Metastasis ---------------------------------------------------------------- 13
4.3.3.8. Diagnosis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14
4.3.3.9. Diferensial Diagnosa --------------------------------------------------- 15
4.3.3.10. Stadium ------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
4.3.3.11. Prognosa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16
4.3.3.12. Terapi -------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
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MODUL 2
Kelainan Pada Mukosa Mulut ------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21
2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 21
4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
4.1. Radang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
4.1.1. Ginggivo-Stomatitis Herpetika Acuta ----------------------------------------- 22
4.1.2. Stomatitis Acuta Fibronosa ----------------------------------------------------- 23
4.1.3. Ginggivitis Ulcerative Nekroticans -------------------------------------------- 23
4.1.4. Angina Ludwig -------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
4.1.5. Stomatitis Acuta Catarrhalis----------------------------------------------------- 23
4.1.6. Stomatitis Nicotina --------------------------------------------------------------- 23
4.1.7. Stomatitis Aphtosa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 24
4.2. Pigmentasi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
4.2.1. Tatto Amalgam -------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
4.2.2. Argyria ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
4.2.3. Plumbism --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
4.2.4. Melanosis -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
4.3. Tumor Jinak ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
4.3.1. Papiloma --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
4.3.2. Fibroma ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
4.3.3. Lipoma ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
4.3.4. Hemangioma ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
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4.3.5. Limfangioma ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
4.3.6. Neurofibroma --------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
4.3.7. Rhabdomyoma --------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
4.3.7.1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------- 35
4.3.3.2. Klasifikasi----------------------------------------------------------------- 36
4.4. Epulis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
4.4.1. Epulis Granulomatosa ----------------------------------------------------------- 40
4.4.2. Epulis Angiomatosa -------------------------------------------------------------- 41
4.4.3. Epulis Fibromatosa --------------------------------------------------------------- 41
4.4.3. Epulis Gigantocellulare ---------------------------------------------------------- 42
4.4.5. Epulis Fissuratum ---------------------------------------------------------------- 42
4.4.6. Epulis Gravidarum --------------------------------------------------------------- 43
5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
MODUL 3
Kelainan Pada Lidah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45
1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45
2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 45
4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
4.1. Kelainan Kongenital --------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
4.1.1. Mikroglosia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45
4.1.2. Makroglosia ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
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4.1.3. Lingual Thyroid ------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
4.1.4. Median Rhomboid Glossitis ----------------------------------------------------- 47
4.1.5. Bifid Tongue------------------------------------------------------------------------ 48
4.2. Radang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
4.2.1. Radang Akut ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
4.2.1.1. Glossitis Akuta ----------------------------------------------------------- 48
4.2.1.2. Stomatitis Scarlanita ---------------------------------------------------- 48
4.2.2. Radang Khronis Spesifik -------------------------------------------------------- 49
4.2.2.1. Tuberculosis ------------------------------------------------------------- 49
4.2.2.2. Sifilis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
4.2.3. Radang Kronis Yang Tidak Spesifik ------------------------------------------- 49
4.2.3.1. Geographic Tounge ----------------------------------------------------- 49
4.2.3.2. Hairy Tounge ------------------------------------------------------------ 50
4.3. Lesi-lesi Prekanker ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
4.3.1. Leukoplakia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51
4.3.2. Erythroplakia ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
4.3.3. Karsinoma In Situ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 57
4.4. Lesi-lesi yang Lain ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
4.4.1. Lichen Planus --------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
4.4.2. Nevus Pigmentosus --------------------------------------------------------------- 60
4.5. Neoplasma --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
4.5.1. Pendahuluan ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
4.5.2. Tipe-tipe Rhabdomiosarkoma -------------------------------------------------- 64
4.5.3. Sistem Staging -------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
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4.5.4. Prognosis --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
4.5.5. Perawatan -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
4.2.3.1. Tindakan Pembedahan ------------------------------------------------- 71
4.2.3.2. Terapi Radiasi ----------------------------------------------------------- 71
5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
MODUL 4
Kelainan Pada Gigi dan Tulang Rahang ------------------------------------------------------- 75
1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 75
2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 75
4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
4.1. Patogenesis Kelainan Cacat Bawaan -------------------------------------------------- 75
4.1.1. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ------------------------------------------------------ 76
4.1.2. Amelogenesis Imperfecta -------------------------------------------------------- 76
4.1.3. Hipoplasia Email ----------------------------------------------------------------- 77
4.1.4. Anodontia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
4.1.5. Microdontia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 78
4.1.6. Macrodontia ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
4.1.7. Agnathia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
4.1.8. Micrognathia ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
4.1.9. Macrognathia --------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
4.1.10. Acromegalia --------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
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5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
MODUL 5
Kelainan Pada Lidah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 102
4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
4.1. Sialadenitis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
4.2. Mucocele ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
4.3. Mikulicz’s Disease ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
4.4. Mikulicz’s Syndrome --------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
4.5. Sjogren Syndrome ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 105
4.6. Tumor Jinak Kelenjar Ludah ----------------------------------------------------------- 106
4.6.1. Pendahuluan ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
4.6.2. Patogenesis ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 107
4.6.3. Klasifikasi Tumor Jinak Kelenjar Ludah -------------------------------------- 109
4.6.3.1. Pleomorfik Adenoma --------------------------------------------------- 109
4.6.3.2. Monomorfik Adenoma -------------------------------------------------- 111
4.6.3.3. Ductal Papiloma -------------------------------------------------------- 120
4.7. Tumor Ganas Kelenjar Ludah ---------------------------------------------------------- 122
4.7.1. Pendahuluan ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 122
4.7.2. Klasifikasi ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123
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5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129
6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130
MODUL 6
Cara Pengambilan, Pengiriman dan Dasar Penilaian Biopsi/ Sitologi -------------------- 131
1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 131
2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 131
4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
4.1. Prinsip Dasar Fiksasi -------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
4.2. Macam-Macam Cairan Fiksasi --------------------------------------------------------- 132
4.3. Cara Pengiriman Sediaan Biopsi ------------------------------------------------------- 135
4.4. Cara Pengiriman Sediaan Sitologi ----------------------------------------------------- 135
4.5. Pengelolaan Jaringan -------------------------------------------------------------------- 136
4.6. Interpretasi Hasil Pemeriksaan Biopsi ------------------------------------------------ 140
4.7. Interpretasi Hasil Pemeriksaan Sitologis ---------------------------------------------- 140
4.8. Klasifikasi Diagnosa Sitologi ----------------------------------------------------------- 141
5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 141
6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142
LATIHAN PENGUASAAN DAN PENERAPAN TEORI ------------------------------ 143
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1. Faktor Penyebab Karsinoma Sel Squamous -------------------------------------- 10
Tabel 1.2. TNM Untuk Malignansi Pada Tumor Rongga Mulut --------------------------- 16
Tabel 1.3. Stadium Untuk Karsinoma Rongga Mulut --------------------------------------- 17
Tabel 2.1. Gambaran Klinis Variasi Klasifikasi Rhabdomyoma --------------------------- 36
Tabel 3.1. Sistem Pengelompokan Menurut Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma
Study Group (IRS) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 66
Tabel 3.2. Sistem Staging dengan G-TNM ---------------------------------------------------- 67
Tabel 3.3. Pengelompokan Stadium dan Angka Bertahan Hidup -------------------------- 69
Tabel 6.1. Klasifikasi Diagnosa Sitologis ----------------------------------------------------- 141
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1. Gambaran Klinis Moniliasis pada Bibir --------------------------------------- 4
Gambar 1.2. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Granuloma Pyogenicum
Pada bibir --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Gambar 1.3. Karsinoma Sel Squamous Pada Bibir dan Lidah ------------------------------ 11
Gambar 1.4. Gambaran Histopatologis karsinoma Sel Squamous
Well Differentiated ---------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Gambar 2.1. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Stomatitis Nikotina ------------------- 24
Gambar 2.2 Gambaran Histopatologis Tubercle Pada Tuberculosis ---------------------- 25
Gambar 2.3. Gambaran Klinis Tatoo Amalgam ---------------------------------------------- 26
Gambar 2.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Tatto Amalgam ------------------------------------ 27
Gambar 2.5. Gambaran Klinis Papiloma Pada Lidah ---------------------------------------- 28
Gambar 2.6. Gambaran Histopatologis Papiloma -------------------------------------------- 29
Gambar 2.7. Gambaran Klinis Fibroma Rongga Mulut ------------------------------------- 30
Gambar 2.8. Gambaran Histopathologis Fibroma -------------------------------------------- 30
Gambar 2.9. Gambaran Klinis Lipoma Rongga Mulut -------------------------------------- 31
Gambar 2.10. Gambaran Histologis Lipoma -------------------------------------------------- 31
Gambar 2.11. Gambaran Klinis Hemangioma ------------------------------------------------ `32
Gambar 2.12. Gambaran Histopatologis Hemangioma Cavernosum
dan Hemangioma Capilare ---------------------------------------------------- 33
Gambar 2.13. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Limfangioma ------------------------ 34
Gambar 2.14. Gambaran Klinis Epulis Pada Gusi ------------------------------------------- 40
Gambar 2.15. Gambaran Histopatologis Epulis Granulomatosa -------------------------- 41
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Gambar 2.16. Gambaran Histopatologis Giant Cell Epulis --------------------------------- 42
Gambar 2.17. Gambaran Klinis Epulis Fissuratum ------------------------------------------ 43
Gambar 3.1. Gambaran Klinis Median Rhomboid Glossitis -------------------------------- 47
Gambar 3.2. Gambaran Histopatologis Median Rhomboid Glossitis --------------------- 48
Gambar 3.3. Gambaran Klinis Leukoplakia Pada Lidah dan Mukosa Bukal ------------- 54
Gambar 3.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Leukloplakia ---------------------------------------- 56
Gambar 3.5. Gambaran Klinis Erythroplakia yang Bercampur
dengan Leukoplakia --------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Gambar 3.6. Gambaran Klinis Lichen Planus, Reticular Form
dan Hyperthropyform ------------------------------------------------------------- 59
Gambar 4.1. Gambaran Klinis Ameloblastoma ----------------------------------------------- 83
Gambar 4.2. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Follikeler ------------------ 84
Gambar 4.3. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Plexiform ------------------ 84
Gambar 4.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Akantomatous ------------ 85
Gambar 4.5. Gambaran Klinis Torus Palatinus ---------------------------------------------- 99
Gambar 4.6. Gambaran Klinis Torus Mandibularis ----------------------------------------- 99
Gambar 4.7. Gambaran Mikroskopis Oswteogenic Sarcoma ------------------------------- 100
Gambar 5.1. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Mucocele ------------------------------ 105
Gambar 5.2. Gambaran Klinis Pleomorfik Adenoma Kelenjar Parotis -------------------- 110
Gambar 5.3. Gambaran Histopatologis Pleomorfik Adenoma ------------------------------ 111
Gambar 5.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Onkositoma ----------------------------------------- 111
Gambar 5.5. Gambaran Klinis Tumor Warthin Pasda Kelenjar Parotis ------------------- 119
Gambar 5.6. Gambaran Histopatologis Tumor Warthin ------------------------------------- 120
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Gambar 5.7. Gambaran Histopatologis Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Low Grade Malignancy --------------------------------------------------------- 125
Gambar 5.8. Gambaran Histopatologis Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ----------------------- 126
Gambar 5.9. Gambaran Histopatologis Acinic Cell Carcinoma ---------------------------- 127
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