prof. warapa

8/3/2019 Prof. Warapa

1/33

Warapa Mahakarnchanakul, Ph.D

Assistant Professor

Dept. of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of Agro-Industry

Kasetsart University

Food Safety in Food Security :

Thailand Perspective


2/33

Outline Terminology : Food Security vs. Food

Safety Food Safety as a Trade Issue (domestic

and export market)

Food Safety Linkages to National FoodPolicy

Challenges to Promote Food safetyAwareness in term of Food Security


3/33

Food SecurityFood Security exits when all people,

at all times, have physical and economicaccess to sufficient,

safe and nutrition food to meet theirdietary needs and food preferences for

an active and healthy life(FAO World Food Summit, 1996)


4/33

Dimension of Food Security

Food and Agricultural Organization, 2006 Food Security Policy Brief, June, Issue2

Stability

Availability

Access

Utilization

Food Security


5/33

Food Availability

Food security involves the availability of

good quality nutrition food from local,

regional and international

Food production

Food processing

Management on farm

Trade-imports

Trade-exports

Stock of food


6/33

Food AccessFood security involves the physical

and economic access to enoughfood for active, healthy life

Marketing

Transport

Purchasing powerSchool meals


7/33

Food UtilizationFood security involves utilization offood through diet, clean water,

sanitation and health care to reach astate of nutrition well-being

Nutrition food choices

Clean water and proper sanitationFood safety and quality

Good health status


8/33

Stability

Food security can therefore to both theavailability and access all threedimensions of food security

Anything that interrupts/or interferes

Food supplies (availability) and access

Utilization of food

Will lead to food insecurity


9/33

Challenge of unsafe foodsMicrobial pathogens

Zoonotic diseasesParasites

MycotoxinsAntibiotic drug residues

Pesticide residuesAllergens


10/33

Food Poisoning cases in Thailand during 1996-2006

Cases

Year

10


11/33

Pathogens

Confirmed test of foodborned

pathogens in 2009 (%)

Aeromonas spp. 39.94

Salmonella spp. 12.56

Escherichia coli 11.43

Vibrio parahaemolyticus 7.41

Bacillus cereus 6.76

Vibrio spp. 6.44

Staphylococcus aureus 4.99

Food safety as the public health issue


12/33

Causes of food poisoningoutbreaks in Thailand

Bacterial pathogensToxins from animal / plant originChemicals

Viruses

Unidentified


13/33

Improving food safety,

Improving food security Difference risk varies withClimate

Diets and consumer behaviorsIncome levels

Public infrastructure

Certain food safety hazard are closelylinked with

Sanitation

Water supplyFood preparation

Marketing of food


14/33

Surveillance of consumer behaviors from

365 persons in Bangkok revealed that

frequently fast food consumption is thegroup age


15/33

Surveillance of consumer behaviors in

Bangkok revealed that

due to health concern the consumption of

organic produce has increased, the mostfrequency buyer is the elderly group

the group age < 20 years old buy less, andthe least buyer group is the low-income

less than 5000 baht/month , particularly

male.

www.nesdb.go.th/Portais/o/home/interest/scs


16/33

Study of mobile market behaviors inBangkok

Mostly truck owner ( 1225 persons) did notconcern about the contaminants in theirfood, food particularly vegetable and

products are contaminated with pesticidesand chemicals respectively.

Risk foods such as meat and seafood hadbeen kept in the same ice boxes and therehad a chance to be cross contaminated.


17/33

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Household School Community Socialgathering

Extension Others Undefine

Amoun

tofEvent

Incidence of outbreaks occurred at different events in 2005


18/33

6 2548

.. !

200

Improving food safety, Improving food security


19/33

Pesticide SO2


20/33

Pesticide Residue in Dried shitake

76% contaminated with carbazin (0.05-1.7)

44% contaminated with organophosphate

(0.002-0.2) Bleaching Agent (SO2) in dried white

mushroom

56% found 1530-4150

Lead and Cadmium in dried seaweed

14% found 1-1.9 ppm

91% found > ppm


21/33

Food safety receiving greater attention?

Several economic consequence of unsafe orcontaminated food:

The values of crops and animal products spoiled anddestroyed as a result of such contamination

Value of rejections/detentions in the export trade

Medical treatments cost

Loss of output or earnings from morbidity, disability andpremature death

Reduce quality of life


22/33

Food safety receiving greater attention?

Several factors affecting food systems:

The growing movement of people, live animals, and foodproducts across borders.

Rapid urbanization in developing countries.

Increasing numbers of immune compromised people.Changes in food handling and consumption.

Emergence of new disease or emerging pathogen such

as antibiotic resistant strains


23/33

As the source and consequence of food-borne illness are better understood so

developed countries are strengthening theirfood safety control.

New regulations in developed countriescertainly have implication for developing-country food producers and processors.

The stringency in food regulation increasesthe cost of exporting.

Food Safety as a trade issue


24/33

To help developing- country exportersmaintain market access, therefore the

food industry needed support as :

Technical assistant

Investment by producers

New policies in developing countriesparticularly National Food Policy


25/33

While many low income consumers will continue

to have access to food process and retailingsector,

But those operate in the modern sector may

decide to adopt food safety standard and modelsfrom developed countries.

The challenge is how to regulate food safety in

the growing modern food sector without drivingout the traditional activities that still serve animportant economic function.

Different Food Safety and FoodSecurity perspectives related to:


26/33

Strategies to strengthen food

securityAsian Integrated food security (AIFS) framework andstrategic plan of action on food security in the ASEANregion (SPA-FS) 2009-2013 have been set the actionprograme as:

Promote agricultural innovation including research and

development on improving productivity and agriculturalproduction

Promote closer collaboration to accelerate transfer and

adoption of new technologies

Encourage greater investment in food and agro-basedindustry to enhance food security


27/33

27


28/33

Challenges to promote Food safetyawareness in term of food securityCan be undertaken at the individual or community level.

Individual and community can attempt to change theirbehavior by implementing good practices in foodpreparation

In case of toxin from animal/ plant origin individual maychange their diets to avoid risky food such as the

consumption of puffer fish, horse crab etc.


29/33

Challenges to promote Food safety

awareness in term of food security

At community level, mycotoxin formation in crops can be

limited before harvest through GAP such asRelating crops

Irrigation to eliminate drought stress

Controlling weeds

Cultivating mould- resistant variety

Introducing biocontrols such as non-mycotoxigenicfungal strains

Postharvest measures include drying rapidly bymechanical means or keep crops dry


30/33

Challenges to promote Food safety

awareness in term of food securityCleaning water at community level is the key important factorto assure food safety

Protect water sources and using as Irrigation water

Promote clean water system in community

Utilization of food technologies can increase the availability offoods by extending shelf life and can contribute to their safety.

Food safety education for food handlers is the most criticalfor microbiological hazards and will protect the heat ofconsumers.


31/33

In conclusion, food should be considered not only

an agricultural and/or trade commodity, but also a

public health issue.

Food safety must be integrated along the entirefood chain, from farm to table, with the three

sectors-government, industry and consumers-

sharing responsibility.It is essential that food safety forms an essential

component of National Food Policy of that country.

National food control strategies have to develop

with the support of the various sectors.


32/33

However, many of these practices to accomplish

food safety goals could be defined and adopted by

countries.

Such efforts are more likely to bring in exportmarket.

And without price incentives, people are not like

to be motivate to chronic risk that are not apparent

to them. Thus, it will be the challenged for all to

reach the target of food sustainability in the future.


33/33

Thank you

ForYour Attention

prof. warapa

Documents