PERBEDAAN KEBUTUHAN AIR MINUM DAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA

PEKERJA TERPAPAR IKLIM KERJA PANAS DI BAGIAN PENGECORAN

LOGAM DAN FINISHING PT. ANEKA ADHILOGAM KARYA CEPER

KLATEN

Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat

untuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat

Disusun Oleh:

Yusuf Hasani

J410 141 004

PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2016

YUSUF HASANI. J 410 141 004

Different Needs Water and Job Fatigue Exposed Work Work Climate Heat in The

Casting of Metal and Finishing PT Aneka Adhilogam Karya Ceper Klaten

ABSTRACT

In working in a hot environment, the body will automatically react to balance the

heat received by the heat loss from the body, heat exchange with the surrounding

environment and the production of heat from the body. The working environment

is too hot resulting in fast worker fatigue and loss of fluids. This study aims to

determine differences in water consumption and fatigue at the foundry and

finishing PT Aneka Adhilogam Karya, Ceper Klaten. Analytic observational study

with cross sectional method. The population in this study were all workers at the

foundry and finishing by 30 respondents. Sampling with sampling total of 30

respondents. Statistical test using Mann Whitney. The results showed Statistical

analysis showed difference in the drinking water needs of the working climate

exposed to heat in the metal casting and finishing (p value 0,011≤0.05) and

difference in fatigue working environment exposed to heat in the metal casting

and finishing (p value 0.040 ≤ 0.05). Based on this study , there was a difference

in the need for drinking and fatigue in metal casting and finishing section.

.

Keywords: Working Hot Climate, Drinking Water Needs, Job Fatigue

ii

PERBEDAAN KEBUTUHAN AIR MINUM DAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA

PEKERJA TERPAPAR IKLIM KERJA PANAS DI BAGIAN PENGECORAN

LOGAM DAN FINISHING PT ANEKA ADHILOGAM KARYA CEPER

KLATEN

Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat

untuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat

Disusun Oleh:

Yusuf Hasani

J 410 141 004

PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2016

iii

iv

v

vi

BIODATA

Nama : Yusuf Hasani

Tempat/Tanggal Lahir : Surakarta, 08 Desember 1990

Jenis Kelamin : Laki-laki

Agama : Islam

E-mail : yusufhasani.yh@gmail.com

Alamat : Jantirejo, RT 03 RW 14 Sondakan Surakarta

Riwayat Pendidikan : 1. Lulus SD Djama’atul Ichwan tahun 2003

2. Lulus SMP Negeri 1 Surakarta tahun 2006

3. Lulus SMF Nasional Surakarta tahun 2009

4. Lulus Program Studi Diploma III Hiperkes dan

KK Fakultas Kedokteran UNS tahun 2012

5. Menempuh Program Studi Sarjana Kesehatan

Masyarakat FIK UMS sejak tahun 2014

vii

viii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i

ABSTRAK

ABSTRACT

HALAMAN SAMPUL ....................................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................ iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iv

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN .................................................... v

BIODATA .......................................................................................................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................... xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1

B. Masalah Penelitian .............................................................................. 4

C. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 5

D. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. Iklim Kerja Panas .............................................................................. 7

1. Pengertian ...................................................................................... 7

2. Faktor-faktor Perpindahan Panas ................................................... 8

3. Penetapan Iklim Kerja Panas ........................................................ 9

4. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efek Iklim Kerja Panas .................... 10

5. Fisiologi Tubuh terhadap Iklim Kerja Panas ................................. 11

6. Akibat Paparan Iklim Kerja Panas ................................................. 12

7. Pengendalian Iklim Kerja Panas .................................................... 13

B. Kebutuhan Air Minum ...................................................................... 16

1. Fisiologi Kebutuhan Air Minum ................................................... 16

2. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kebutuhan Air Minum ......... 17

3. Akibat Kekurangan Air Minum ..................................................... 29

C. Kelelahan Kerja ................................................................................. 21

1. Pengertian ...................................................................................... 21

2. Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kelelahan Kerja .................... 21

3. Jenis Kelelahan Kerja ..................................................................... 23

4. Penyebab Kelelahan Kerja ............................................................. 24

5. Pengukuran Derajat Kelelahan Kerja ............................................. 25

6. Akibat Kelelahan Kerja .................................................................. 27

D. Pengaruh Iklim Kerja Panas terhadap Kebutuhan Air Minum ......... 28

E. Pengaruh Iklim Kerja Panas terhadap Kelelahan Kerja ..................... 28

F. Kerangka Teori ................................................................................. 29

G. Kerangka Konsep .............................................................................. 30

ix

H. Hipotesis ............................................................................................ 30

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

A. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ...................................................... 31

B. Populasi dan Sampel ....................................................................... 32

1. Populasi ......................................................................................... 32

2. Sampel ........................................................................................... 32

a. Jumlah Sampel .......................................................................... 32

b. Teknis Pengambilan Sampel ..................................................... 32

C. Waktu dan Tempat .......................................................................... 32

D. Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................... 33

E. Definisi Operasional Variabel .......................................................... 33

F. Pengumpulan Data .......................................................................... 37

1. Jenis Data .................................................................................... 37

2. Sumber Data ................................................................................ 37

3. Cara Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 38

4. Alat Penelitian atau Instrumen Penelitian .................................... 38

G. Prosedur Penelitian .......................................................................... 40

H. Pengolahan Data .............................................................................. 41

I. Analisis Data ................................................................................... 42

BAB IV HASIL

A. Gambaran Umum Perusahaan ......................................................... 44

B. Proses Produksi .............................................................................. 45

C. Hasil Observasi Iklim Kerja Panas .................................................. 47

C. Analisis Univariat ............................................................................ 50

D. Analisis Bivariat .............................................................................. 55

BAB V PEMBAHASAN

A. Analisis Iklim Kerja Panas .............................................................. 57

B. Analisis Kebutuhan Air Minum ...................................................... 60

C. Analisis Kelelahan Kerja ................................................................. 62

D. Perbedaan Kebutuhan Air Minum terpapar Iklim Kerja Panas di

Bagian Pengecoran Logam dan Finishing ....................................... 63

E. Perbedaan Kebutuhan Kelelahan Kerja terpapar Iklim Kerja

Panas di Bagian Pengecoran Logam dan Finishing ......................... 65

F. Keterbatasan Penelitian .................................................................... 68

BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN

A. Simpulan ......................................................................................... 69

B. Saran ............................................................................................... 70

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman

1. Nilai Ambang Batas Indeks Suhu Basah dan Bola ........................................ 10

2. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efek Iklim Kerja Panas ..................................... 11

3. Distribusi Frekuensi Umur Reponden ............................................................ 50

4. Distribusi Frekuensi Masa Kerja Responden ................................................. 51

5. Rata-Rata Beban Kerja Responden ................................................................ 52

6. Distribusi Frekuensi Indeks Masa Tubuh Responden .................................... 53

7. Hasil Rata-Rata Iklim Kerja Panas (ISBB) di Bagian Pengecoran dan

Finishing ......................................................................................................... 53

8. Hasil Katagori Kebutuhan Air Minum ........................................................... 54

9. Hasil Pengukuran Katagori Kelelahan Kerja ................................................. 55

10. Analisis Perbedaan Kebutuhan Air Minum terpapar Iklim Kerja Panas

atas NAB dan Di Bawah NAB ....................................................................... 56

11. Analisis Perbedaan Kelelahan Kerja terpapar Iklim Kerja Panas atas

NAB dan Di Bawah NAB .............................................................................. 56

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

1. Kerangka Teori ............................................................................................... 29

2. Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................................... 30

3. Rancangan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 31

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran

1. Formulir Persetujuan Menjadi Responden

2. Hasil Pengukuran Iklim Kerja

3. Hasil Pengukuran Kebutuhan Air Minum

4. Hasil Pengukuran Kelelahan Kerja

5. Hasil Pengolahan SPSS

6. Surat Ijin Penelitian

7. Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian

8. Mapping Lokasi Pengukuran Iklim Kerja

9. Dokumentasi Penelitian

xiii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

APD : Alat Pelindung Diri

CSAO : Construction Safety Association of Ontario

CV : Commanditaire Vennootschap

EEG : Electroenchepalography

IFRC : Industrial Fatigue Research Committee

IMT : Indeks Masa Tubuh

ISBB : Indeks Suhu dan Basah Bola

Kemenkes : Kementrian Kesehatan

K3 : Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

N : Normal

NAB : Nilai Ambang Batas

OSHA : Occupational Safety Health Administration

KAUPK2 : Kuesioner Alat Ukur Perasaan Kelelahan Kerja

KEK : Kurang Energi Kronis

KKB : Kelelahan Kerja Berat

KKR : Kelelahan Kerja Ringan

KKS : Kelelahan Kerja Sedang

PERDOKI : Perhimpunan Spesialis Kedokteran Okupasi Indonesia

Permenakertrans : Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi

PT : Perseroan Terbatas

SH : Sarjana Hukum

WBGT : Wet Bulb Globe Temperature