penelitian epidemiologi-2ee.docx

7/23/2019 Penelitian Epidemiologi-2ee.docx

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HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN EKONOMI YANG RENDAH

TERHADAP ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU YANG TINGGI DI NTT

KELOMPOK 11A

Nama: 1. Katarina Neva (131!"!!3#

$. M%&amma' %r)*n +i,*-* (131!"!!!#

3. De-i A,i*a B%/&ita Nata0%%ma (131!"!!2#

. Karina Ant*inette Matitianin4 (131!"!!5"#

". Martina Kar*in K*r*mat (131!"!1$#

. Karina A6% In'ira P%tri (131!"!122#

5. 7%ita Ran%n (131!"!$8#

2. Darr6 9&a-n G*'*n4 (131!"!$"$#

8. 7a/06 Hariant* +ia6a +*n4 (131!"!$!#

1!. L6'ia Permata Himan (131!"!1$#

AKULTA9 KEDOKTERAN

UNI;ER9ITA9 KRI9TEN INDONE9IA

TAHUN A7ARAN $!1"

1



KATA PENGANTAR

P%i 'an 96%0%r 0e<a'a T%&an Yan4 Ma&a K%aa= ata ,er0at 'an ra&matn6a

e&in44a 0ami ,ia men6eaai0an Peneitian E<i'emi**4i 6an4 ,er%'% > Hubungan

pendidikan dan ekonomi yang rendah terhadap angka kematian ibu yang tinggi di NTT ?.

Da<at 0ami eeai0an e%ai 'en4an -a0t% 6an4 'itent%0an.

Daam 0eem<atan ini= <en%i men6am<ai0an %/a<an terima 0ai& 0e<a'a em%a

<i&a0 6an4 tea& men'%0%n4 'aam <r*e <eneitian e<i'emi**4i ini.

Pen%i men6a'ari ,a&-a 'aam <en6%%nan 0ar6a t%i ini mai& a%& 'ari

0eem<%rnaan= 0arena a'an6a 0eter,ataan %m,er@%m,er reereni 6an4 'a<at men%nan4

tereeai0ann6a 0ar6a t%i ini= *e& 0arena it% <en%i an4at menera<0an a'an6a ma%0an

'an aran 6an4 iatn6a mem,an4%n 4%na men6em<%rna0an <en%i ini.

.9em*4a a<*ran ini 'a<at mem,eri0an manaat %nt%0 <en4em,an4an -a-aan 'an

<enin40atan im% <en4eta&%an ,a4i 0ita em%a.

7a0arta= $$ 7an%ari $!1"

Pen%i

2



HALAMAN PER9ETU7UAN

3



DATAR I9I

HALAMAN 7UDUL...............................................................................................................1

KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................................$

HALAMAN PER9ETU7UAN................................................................................................3

DATAR I9I...........................................................................................................................

BAB I PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................................................

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG......................................................................................................1.$ RUMU9AN MA9ALAH..................................................................................................5

1.3 TU7UAN PENELITIAN...................................................................................................5

1. MANAAT PENELITIAN..............................................................................................5

BAB II TIN7UAN PU9TAKA...............................................................................................2

$.1 PENGERTIAN ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU...................................................................2

$.$ PENYEBAB ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU......................................................................2

$.3 AKTOR PENYEBAB TIDAK LAN9UNG..................................................................8

$.3.1 A9PEK TIGA TERLAMBAT PADA KEMATIAN IBU....................................8

$.3.$ A9PEK EMPAT TERLALU PADA KEMATIAN IBU.....................................1$

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.......................................................................................13

3.1 7ENI9 PENELITIAN......................................................................................................13

3.$ LOKA9I DAN +AKTU PENELITIAN........................................................................13

3.3. POPULA9I DAN 9AMPEL..........................................................................................13

3. ;ARIABEL PENELITIAN............................................................................................13

3." DEINI9I OPERA9IONAL...........................................................................................1

3. IN9TRUMENT PENELITIAN......................................................................................1

4



3.5 TEKNIK PENGUMPULAN DATA..............................................................................1

3.2 TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN DATA.................................................................................1

3.8 METODE ANALI9I9 DATA........................................................................................1

DATAR PU9TAKA............................................................................................................1"

BAB I

5



PENDAHULUAN

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG

An40a 0ematian i,% 'i In'*neia am<ai aat ini mai& tin44i= 'an ini mer%<a0an

%at% maaa& 0ee&atan 6an4 am<ai aat ini ,e%m 'a<at 'iatai e/ara t%nta.An40a

Kematian I,% mer%<a0an %at% in'i0at*r 6an4 'i4%na0an %nt%0 men44am,ar0an %at%

0ee&atan ma6ara0at 0&%%n6a mei&at 'eraat 0ee&atan <erem<%an.

Ber'aar0an 9%rve6 Dem*4rai 'an Kee&atan In'*neia (9DKI# $!!5 An40a

Kematian I,% (AKI# 'i In'*neia a'aa& $$2 <er 1!!.!!! 0ea&iran &i'%< 'an An40a

Kematian Ba6i (AKB# 3 <er 1!!! 0ea&iran &i'%<. 9e%ai 'en4an tar4et MDG=

( Millenium Development Goals#= &ai tere,%t mai& a%& 'iata tar4et 6ait% An40a

Kematian I,% (AKI# ta&%n $!1"= 1!$ <er 1!!.!!! 0ea&iran &i'%<= 'an An40a Kematian

Ba6i ,ar% a&ir (AKB# $3 <er 1.!!! 0ea&iran &i'%<.

Pr*<ini<en6%m,an40a%0ematiani,%mea&ir0anter,eara'aa&Pr*<ini Pa<%a

53!1!!.!!! 0ea&iran= N%a Ten44ara Barat ( NTB # 35!1!!.!!! 0ea&iran= Ma%0%

3!1!!.!!! 0ea&iran'an N%a Ten44ara Tim%r ( NTT # 33!1!!.!!! 0ea&iran.

Tin44in6a AKI men%n%00an,a&-a'eraat0ee&atan 'i In'*neia mai&,e%m,ai0.

An40a Kematian I,% an4at ,ervariati etia< 'aera& ter%tama 'i NTT= 6an4

mem<%n6ai 'ata an40a 0ematian i,% 6an4 tin44i 3!! <er 1!!.!!! 0ea&iran &i'%< 'an

,erat ,a'an a&ir ren'a& (BBLR# 11="C= teta<i 'ata ini ,e%m men44am,ar0an %at%

0*n'ii 'i 'aera& ainn6a 'i In'*neia.

9aa& at% <en6e,a, An40a Kematian I,% (AKI# 'i NTT a'aa& <en'i'i0an 'ane0*n*mi 6an4 ren'a&. U<a6a <en/e4a&an 6an4 'a<at 'ia0%0an %nt%0 men4%ran4i an40a

0ematian i,% 'en4an 'ia'a0an <en6%%&an.

1.$ RUMU9AN MA9ALAH

6



Ber'aar0an atar ,ea0an4 maaa& 'i ata= <ermaaa&an %m%m 6an4 'iteiti

'aam <enetian ini H%,%n4an <en'i'i0an 'an e0*n*mi 6an4 ren'a& ter&a'a< an40a

0ematian i,% 6an4 tin44i 'i NTTe'an40an= r%m%an 0&%% <eneitian ini a'aa&:

1. Ba4aimana0a& <en'i'i0an 'an e0*n*mi 6an4 ren'a& mem<en4ar%&i an40a 0ematian

i,% 6an4 tin44i 'i NTT

1.3 TU7UAN PENELITIAN

T%%ann6a a'aa& %nt%0 men4eta&%i <en6e,a, An40a Kematian I,% 6an4 tin44i 'i

NTT.

1. MANAAT PENELITIANManaat 6an4 'i&ara<0an 'ari &ai <eneitian a'aa&:

1. Ba4i <%0ema e,a4ai ,a&an ma%0an %nt%0 ren/ana tin'a0n an%t <r*4ram 'aam

<en%r%nan an40a 0ematin i,% 'i <%0ema.

$. Ba4i ma6ara0at= 'a<at menam,a& <en4eta&%n 'an -a-aan ma6ara0at men4enai

<entin4n6a mena4a 0e&amian 'an <erainan.

3. Ba4i <eneiti= ini an4at ,ermanaat eama 'aam <r*e ,eaar 0arena a0an ,an6a0

menam,a& /a0ra-aa <an'an4 <eneiti mena'i %a.

BAB II

TIN7AUAN PU9TAKA

$.1 PENGERTIAN ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU

7



An40a Kematian I,% (AKI# a'aa& ,an6a0n6a 0ematian <erem<%an <a'a aat

&ami ata% eama $ &ari ea0 terminai 0e&amian tan<a meman'an4 ama 'an tem<at

<erainan <er 1!!.!!! 0ea&iran &i'%<. (---.'atatatiti0@in'*neia./*m#.

$.$ PENYEBAB ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU

Ren'a&n6a 0ea'aran ma6ara0at tentan4 0ee&atan i,% &ami mena'i a0t*r <enent%

an40a 0ematian= me0i<%n mai& ,an6a0 a0t*r 6an4 &ar% 'i<er&ati0an %nt%0 menan4ani

maaa& ini.Men%r%t a<*ran KIA Pr*vini ta&%n $!11= %ma& 0ematian i,% 6an4 'ia<*r0an

e,an6a0 ".112 i-a. Tin44in6a AKI ter0ai0 'en4an <en6e,a, an%n4 'an ti'a0 an%n4.

Pen6e,a, an%n4 0ematian i,% ter,an6a0 mai& 'i'*minai Per'ara&an (3$C#= 'i%%

Hi<erteni 'aam 0e&amian ($"C#= Ine0i ("C#= Part% ama ("C#= 'an A,*rt%(1C#.

Pen6e,a, ain@ain (3$C# /%0%< ,ear= terma%0 'i'aamn6a <en6e,a, <en6a0it n*n *,teri0.

a0t*r@a0t*r ain%4a mena'i <en6e,a, 0ematian i,% 6an4 /%0%< <entin4.

Mian6a= <em,er'a6aan <erem<%an 6an4 ta0 ,e4it% ,ai0= atar ,ea0an4 <en'i'i0an= */ia

e0*n*mi 0e%ar4a= in40%n4an ma6ara0at 'an <*iti0= 0e,ia0an %4a ,er<en4ar%&. Ka%m

ea0i <%n 'it%nt%t &ar% ,er%<a6a i0%t a0ti 'aam e4aa <ermaaa&an ,i'an4 re<r*'%0i

e/ara e,i& ,ertan44%n4 a-a, 0arena ren'a&n6a <er&atian a0i@a0i ter&a'a< i,% &ami 'an

mea&ir0an.

$.3 AKTOR PENYEBAB TIDAK LAN9UNG

$.3.1 A9PEK TIGA TERLAMBAT PADA KEMATIAN IBU

A'a 3 a0t*r 6an4 ,er<eran a'aa& :

1. 9*iae0*n*mi'an,%'a6a'ana<e0ti4ateram,at

a. Teram,at 'aam <en4am,ian 0e<%t%an

8

Gambar 1. Pen ebab

http://www.datastatistik-indonesia.com/

http://www.datastatistik-indonesia.com/



Pa'a ta&a< ini -anita ,erintera0i 'en4an a0t*r@a0t*r tertent%

e,e%m men/a<ai 0e<%t%an a<a0a& a0an men/ari aiita 0ee&atan

ata% ti'a0.

a0t*r@a0t*r 6an4 mem<en4ar%&i <em,%atan 0e<%t%an a'aa& :

a0t*r <en6a0it= */ia ,%'a6a (<en'i'i0an= <en'a<atan= <emanaatan

tena4a '%0%n= ,%'a6a ni0a& m%'a#= ,ia6a 6an4 tin44i 'an ren'a&n6a

0%aita <era-atan.

Keteram,atan 'aam men/ari <era-atan 0ee&atan 'ia0%0an ,ia

<en6a0it tea& men4a0i,at0an im<i0ai 6an4 eri% ter&a'a< i,%.

Peneitian 6an4 'ia0%0an 'i Ban4a'e& *e& Kie*-* et a ( $!! #

menem%0an ,a&-a <en/arian <era-tan m*'ern a'aa& <ii&an tera0&ir

0eti0a tera'i 0e4a4aan 6an4 ea men%r%t <en'a<at */a mere0a.

Pen%n'aan <en/arian <era-atan 'i<en4ar%&i *e& 0%ran4n6a

<en4eta&%an 'an 0ea'aran tentan4 tan'a ,a&a6a *,tetri/.

Ham,atan */ia e0*n*mi 6an4 'iraa0an mem,%at 0eti'a0mam<%an

<erem<%an %nt%0 men4am,i 0e<%t%an %nt%0 men/ari <era-tan.

9e,e%m mem%t%0an= mere0a men4&it%n4 ,ia6a 6an4 'i,%t%&0an

'aam <eraanan 0eaiita 0ee&atan. Men%r%t M<em,eni et a 'aam

/&am et a ($!!2#= <en6e,a, %tama <erainan 'i r%ma& a'aa&

tere'ian6a '%0%n ,a6i 'an 0eta0%tan 6an4 tin44i ter&a'a< ,ia6a

0eti0a 'ir%%0 0e r%ma& a0it.

K%aita <ea6anan 0ee&atan 6an4 mer%<a0an &aan4an %nt%0 men/ari

aa <ea6anan 0ee&atan= i0a< 6an4 ,%r%0 'ari <et%4a 0ee&atan=

ti'a0 tere'ian6a tena4a 6an4 ,ai0= inratr%0t%r 0ee&atan 6an4 ,%r%0

'an aiita 6an4 mena4a <riva/6 'an 0era&aiaan= 0%ran4n6a *,at@*,atan= <ere'iaan 'an <eraatan a'aa& i% 6an4 'a<at men/i<ta0an

an44a<an ne4ative 'ari <aien.

Tra'ii 6an4 %it 'itin44a0an &in44a aat ini a'aa& <erainan 'i

r%ma& 6an4 'ia0%0an *e& '%0%n. Data 'ari RI9KE9DA9 $!1!

men%n%00an ,a&-a <ert**n4an <erainan 6an4 'ia0%0an *e&

tena4a 0ee&atan men/a<ai 2$=$C 'ari t*ta <erainan a0an teta<i

mai& ter'a<at 15 <r*vini 'en4an /a0%<an <erainan *e& tena4a

9



0ee&atan 'i,a-a& 2!C. Ba&0an mai& a'a <r*vini 'en4an /a0%<an

<erainan *e& tena4a 0ee&atan&an6a $=C.

,. Teram,at men/a<ai aiita r%%00an

Ini tera'i <a'a ta&a< 'imana e*ran4 -anita 'i&ara<0an %nt%0

men4i'entii0ai 'an men/a<ai aiita me'i. Ta&a< ini ter%tama

'i'*minai *e& a0t*r@a0t*r *i*e0*n*mi a0t%a 6an4 mem<re'i0i

a<a0a& e*ran4 -anita a0an men4i'entii0ai 'an menan40a% aiita

me'i <a'a -a0t% 6an4 te<at. Diantara &am,atan ini mei<%ti:

0%ran4n6a arin4an tran<*rtai= 0%ran4n6a *n40* %nt%0 tran<*rtai

'an tran<*rtai ti'a0 terat%r.

Di Ne4ara ,er0em,an4= 0e,%t%&an tran<*rtai 6an4 'a<at 'ian'a0an

%nt%0 men/a<ai aiita 0ee&atan ti'a0 mema'ai 'an ,e%m merata.

9eain it% inratr%0t%r 'an 4e*4rai 6an4 ee0 men6e,a,0an ti'a0

a'an6a a0e 0e aiita <ea6anan 0ee&atan.

/. Teram,at <ert**n4an

Keteram,atan 0eti4a tera'i 'i aiita <ea6anan 0ee&atan 6an4

,er0aitan 'en4an 0%aita te0ni <era-atan. 9aa& at% aa an

men4a<a -anita ti'a0 menerima <era-atan 6an4 mere0a ,%t%&0an

a'aa&: 0eti'a0e'iaan aat ata% ren'a&n6a 0%aita <ea6anan 6an4

'ie'ia0an (+HO= $!!8#.

K*m<*nen 0eteram,atan 0eti4a 6an4 mem<en4ar%&i 0%aita

<era-atan a'aa&: 0eteram<ian ta terma%0 tena4a 0ee&atan

<erem<%an= ti'a0 a'an6a 0*mitmen 'an m*tivai ta= ema&n6a

mana4ement 'an a'minitrai <ea6anan 0ee&atan= 0e0%ran4an 'ana=

<eren40a<an= *,at@*,atan 'an <eraatan= 0%ran4n6a <riva/6 'an

0era&aiaan erta *r4aniai 6an4 ,%r%0 'ari <ea6anan 'an

inratr%0t%r.

$. A0e aiita 0ee&atan 'an a<e0 ti4a teram,at

a0t*r 4e*4rai 'an 0e,era'aan <ea6anan 0ee&atan a0an an4at

mem<en4ar%&i &ai <ea6anan 0ee&atan 0e<a'a ma6ara0at. Pea6anan

0ee&atan 6an4 m%'a& 'ian40a% ,ai0 'ari e4i <em,ia6aan ma%<%n 'ari e4i

ara0 a0an e,i& ,an6a0 'i0%n%n4i *e& ma6ara0at 0&%%n6a ma6ara0at

10



'en4an e0*n*mi ren'a& 'an mi0in. Ha ini e%ai 'en4an <en'a<at 9%marn*

($!!5# 6an4 men6ata0an ,a&-a ,ia6a 'an ara0 erin4 ,er0aitan e,a4ai

,a&an <ertim,an4an ee*ran4 'aam men4a0e <ea6anan.

A0e 0e aiita 0ee&atan an4at ,er0aitan erat 'en4an 0eteram,atan

<ertama= 0e'%a= 'an 0eti4a 'imana */ia e0*n*mi ren'a& men4a0i,at0an

-anita ma%<%n 0e%ar4an6a ti'a0 'a<at men/a<ai a0e 0e <ea6anan

0ee&atan ter0ait 'en4an ,ia6a tran<*rtai= 0etia'aan ,ia6a %4a

men4a0i,at0an i,% 'an 0e%ar4an6a %it %nt%0 men'a<at0an a0e ter&a'a<

<ea6anan 6an4 ,er0%aita (HAM et a = $!!2#.

3. K%aita <ea6anan 'an a<e0 ti4a teram,at

Kematian <a'a i,% a0i,at <er'ara&an tera'i 0arena aa& at% a0t*r 0eteram,atan 'aaam men'a<at0an <ert**n4an 0e4a-at'ar%ratan 0arena

a0t*r@a0t*r <er*ni 'an arana 6an4 ti'a0 mema'ai= <er*ni@<er*ni 6an4

ti'a0 terati& 'an maaa& 0e%n4an (KEMENKE9 RI = $!!5#.

K%aita <ea6anan 6an4 'i,eri0an 0e<a'a ma6ara0at %4a mer%<a0an aa&

at% a<e0 <ertim,an4an 'aam 0e%ar4a %nt%0 men4am,i 0e<%t%an 'aam

men/ari <ea6anan 0ee&atan. K%aita <ea6anan 6an4 0%ran4 mema'ai 'an

ti'a0 e%ai tan'ar men4a0i,at0an ma6ara0at ti'a0 men4a0e <ea6anan

0ee&atan tere,%t 6an4 men4a0i,at0an 0eteram,atan 'aam mem%t%0an

<en**n4 <erainan mere0a.

$.3.$ A9PEK EMPAT TERLALU PADA KEMATIAN IBU (Ri0e'a $!1!#:

1. Tera% t%a &ami ('i ata %ia 3" ta&%n# e,an6a0 $5C

$. Tera% m%'a %nt%0 &ami ('i ,a-a& %ia $! ta&%n# $=C

3. Tera% ,an6a0 (%ma& ana0 e,i& 'ari # e,an6a0 11=2C

. Tera% 'e0at (ara0 antar 0ea&iran 0%ran4 'ari $ ta&%n#

11



3.3 POPULA9I DAN 9AMPEL

P*<%ai teran40a% <eneitian ini a'aa& <erem<%an 6an4 mea&ir0an 'i <%a%

R*te. In4in 'i<ii& $! 'ari $!! <erem<%an 6an4 mea&ir0an 'en4an /ara am<in4

itemati0: ,erarti 'i<er%0an $!$!! : 11! ,a4ian 'ari <*<%ai 6an4 a0an

'ii0%terta0an e,a4a iam<e.

3. ;ARIABEL PENELITIAN

Ber'aar0an <a'a <*0*0 <ermaaa&an 6an4 tea& 'ir%m%0an= ma0a varia,e@

varia,e 6an4 'ii'entii0ai e,a4ai ,eri0%t.

Unt%0 men4eta&%i &%,%n4an <en'i'i0an 'an e0*n*mi 6an4 ren'a& ter&a'a< an40a

0ematian i,% 6an4 tin44i 'i NTT= varia,e ,e,a (in'e<en'ent# 6an4 'i4%na0an 'aam

<eneitian ini 6ait% <en'i'i0an 'an e0*n*mi e'an40an varia,e teri0at ('e<en'ent# 6an4

'i4%na0an 'aam <eneitian ini 6ait% an40a 0ematian i,%.

3." DEINI9I OPERA9IONAL (7ELA9KAN KEADAANPENGERTIANNYA#

1. Pen'i'i0an a'aa&

$. E0*n*mi a'aa&

3. An40a Kematian I,% a'aa&

3. IN9TRUMENT PENELITIAN

Aat %0%r <eneitian ,er%<a 0%ei*ner 6an4 'i4%na0an e,a4ai <en4%m<%an 'ata.

3.5 TEKNIK PENGUMPULAN DATA

A'a '%a met*'e <en4%m<%an 'ata= 6ait%:

1. Data <rimer a'aa& 'ata 6an4 'i<er*e& 'ari re<*n'en mea%i 0%ii*ner 6an4

'i,%at *e& <eneiti.

13



$. Data e0%n'er 'aam <eneitian ini 'i<er*e& mea%i a<*ran ma%<%n '*0*men

'ari <%0ema 6ait% 'ata vita tatiti0 ta&%n $!1$@$!1 tentan4 An40a

Kematian I,% 3!! <er 1!!.!!! 0ea&iran &i'%<.

3.2 TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN DATA

Pen4*a&an 'ata <a'a <eneitian ini mei<%ti ta&a< e'itin4 'an 0*'in4

(<em,%atan0*'in#= <en6e'er&anaan 'ata 'an men40*'e 'ata.

3.8 METODE ANALI9I9 DATA

Anaii 'ata <a'a <eneitian ini mei<%ti <enent%an varia,e 6an4 &en'a0

'ianaii= re0*ntr%0i varia,e 6an4 &en'a0 'ianaii= 'an <en4e*m<*00an varia,e

,ar% 6an4 'ima0%'0an a4ar 'ata <eneitian mena'i e'er&ana 'an mem%'a&0an

<eneiti mea0%0anan anaii 'an mem,%at 0eim<%an.

DATAR PU9TAKA

Di%n'%& 'ari eprints.undip.ac.id/32!3/"/dina#".pd$.$7an%ari $!1"

An40a Kematian I,% Mea&ir0an. Di%n'%& 'ari &tt<:t*ra4e.a0@

ti0.a/.i'Pr*'%0H%0%mMenPANin'e.<&<@

*<ti*n/*m'*/manJta0'*/'*-n*a'J4i'$8!JItemi'111.<' . $ 7an%ari $!1"

Diunduh dari http://www.e!ehatanibu.depe!."#.id/wp$

%#ntent/up&#ad!/d#wn&#ad!/2013/01/'a%t!heet()paya$PP$*+,.pd- . 24 anuari

2015

Diunduh dari http://di"i&ib.unimu!.a%.id . Dia!e!padatan""a& 22 anuari 2015.

Diunduh dari http://www.ri!e!da!.&itban".depe!."#.id/. Dia!e! pada tan""a&

22 anuari 2015

14

http://storage.jak-stik.ac.id/ProdukHukum/MenPAN/index.php-option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=290&Itemid=111.pdf




http://www.kesehatanibu.depkes.go.id/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/01/Factsheet_Upaya-PP-AKI.pdf









*riunt#. 2010. ProsedurPenelitian: SuatupendekatanPraktik . aarta.

hineeipta

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