modul bahasa inggris.doc

8/11/2019 modul bahasa inggris.doc

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A. Simple Past Tense

We use simple past to talk about past events.

The pattern

(+) Subject + Verb2 + Object + Modifier( - ) Subject + auiliar! verb (did) + not + Verb"+ Object + Modifier

(#) $uiliar! verb (did) + Subject + Verb"+ Object + Modifier#

Examples:

( + ) % &ent to t'e cinema last ni't.

( - ) S'e did not o to sc'ool !esterda!.

( ? ) id !ou do !our 'ome&ork#

Note:

a. We al&a!s use * did for all subject (% did, !ou did, 'e did).

b. W'en t'e verb is * tobe, &e c'ane t'e verb into *&as and *&ere (% &as, !ou &ere, 'es'e it &as, &e &ere, t'e! &ere).

Examples:

S'e &as in akarta.

/'e! &ere not in t'e class.

Was s'e ri't#

c. We use simple past tense &'en0 /'e event is in t'e past.

/'e event is completel! finis'ed.

We sa! ( or understand) t'e time and or place of an event.

Examples:

% lived in Suraba!a &'en % &as a c'ild.

1ia didnt like t'e s'o&.

W'at did !ou eat for breakfast#

$rief &ent to unaken on Monda!#

d. $dverb of past time 3esterda!

/'e da! before !esterda!

$ fe& minutes ao

/&o 'ours ao

/&o da!s ao

/&o mont's ao

/&o !ears ao

4ast ni't

4ast &eek

4ast mont'

4ast !ear


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Man! !ears ao

EXERCISE:

a. Pt the !er" in the "ra#$ets into the #orre#t %orm.Examples: &% 'i'nt o (not/ go)to &ork !esterda! because % *asnt (not/ be) ver! &ell.

". 4ast &eek our teac'er (notcome) to class because 'e (be)

sick.

2. 5is randfat'er (not/ meet) me &'en 'e (be) in akarta.

6. % (not/ understand) &'at 'e said.

7. % (not/have) to o to &ork !esterda! because it (be) a 'olida!.

8. /'e! (watch) t'e football matc' on /V t'is mornin.

. Simple ,tre Tense

Pattern

Examples:

oni &ill bake a cake toni't. Mr. 9ajar &ill take part in t'e meetin net &eek.

Pattern

Examples:

% am oin to bu! a ne& car net &eek.

S'e is oin to be a dentist.

Note:

e. Shall is used &it' t'e first person subject (%, &e), &'ile will can be used &it' all kinds

of subjects.

f. Shall/ will is used to epress t'e future &'en &e 'ave no plan before. %t means t'at &e

decide to do somet'in at t'e time of speakin and it is not arraned before.

Examples:

%ts so 'ot in t'is room. % &ill turn t'e air conditioner on.

We 'ave run out of paperss, 'avent &e# %ll o and bu! some.

S"/e#t + shall0 *ill + 1er"+ (2"/e#t) + a'!er" o% %tre time

S"/e#t + to "e oin to + 1er"+ 2"/e#t + a'!er" o% %tre time


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Was s'e ri't#

g. Will can also be used to predict about somet'in.

Examples:

%t &ill rain toni't.

:eople &ont make a fl!in car before t'e 22 nd centur!.

h. To be going to is used to epress somet'in t'at 'as been arraned before.

Examples:

% am oin to visit ali net &eek.

;arla is oin to see 'er doctor t'is evenin.

EXERCISE:

Chane the %ollo*in senten#es into the 3going to %orm o% the %tre.

". 5e &ill come tmorro&.

2. W'ere &ill 'e sta!#

6. o'n &ill &ait for us t'ere.

7. We s'all &rite letters all afternoon.

8. 5e &ill lend me some mone!.


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a. %s t'ere an! discount for t'is s'irt#

b. 5o& about fift! t'ousand rupia's#

6. Expressin #ertaint7

a. %m sure t'at its oin to rain t'is afternoon.

b. %t must be 'im &'o called.

8. 5i!in an' respon'in to #ompliments

a. 9antasticB

b. 3ou look beautiful toni't.

c. /'ank !ou.

9. Expressin opinions

a. % t'ink t'ats not true.

b. W'at % 'ave in m! mind is t'at ....

. Expressin areement0 'isareement:

a. 3oure ri't.

b. %m afraid !ouve ot &ron information, Sir.

;. Expressin arment

a. 3es, but dont foret ...

b. /'at ma! be so but ...

EXERCISE:

Complete the 'ialoe *ith the pro!i'e' *or's "elo*. Consessi!e Con/n#tions

;onsessive conjunctions are conjunctions &'ic' introduce consessive clauses to create

a relations'ip bet&een t&o or more pieces of information.

/'e most common consessive conjunctions are although, even though, while, whereas,

in spite of (the fact that),despite (the fact that).

Examples:

% didnt et t'e job in spite of t'e fact t'at % 'ad t'e necessar! >ualifications.

$lt'ou' t'e traffic &as bad, &e arrived on time.

Fven t'o' % &as reall! tired, % couldnt sleep.

We &ent out in spite of t'e rain.

E. se' to/'ere are t&o constructions of *used to &'ic' 'ave different meanin. Stud! t'e

eplanation belo&.

a. Gsed to + V"/'is construction is used to talk about somet'in t'at 'appened reularl! in t'e

past, but no loner 'appens.

Examples:

% used to pla! fooball a lot, but % dont pla! ver! often no&.

;'andra used to be ver! t'in &'en 'e &as a c'ild.

We used tto live in Solo, but no& &e live in Medan.

/o form neative sentence, &e used didnt use to or *used to not.

% didnt use to like 'im.

% used to not like 'im.

/'e pattern of >uestion is 'i' (7o) se to....?Examples:

id !ou use to eat a lot of candies &'en !ou &ere a c'ild#

". e et used to + V-in

/'is construction is used to talk about somet'in t'at is not ne& or strane for

somebod!.


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Examples:

aus is used to livin far from 'is parents.

od! isnt used to ettin up earl!.

5adi is used to ridin a bic!cle to o to sc'ool.

,. Expressin Pre%eren#es/'ere are several &a!s to epress preferences.

a. S + prefer + noun + to + noun

4ita 0 &'ic' do !ou prefer, apples or oranes#aus 0 I pre%er oranes to apples.

". S + prefer + V-in + to + V-in

1atna 0 W'ic' do !ou prefer, pla!in or sta!in 'ome#5elimi 0 I pre%er pla7in to sta7in home.

#. S + like + noun + better t'an + noun

4inda 0 &'ic' does 'e like, juice or milk#

Sandra0 @e li$es mil$ "etter than /i#e.

'. S + like + V-in + better t'an + V-in

Hali' 0 &'ic' do !ou like, pla!in football or basketball#

5eru 0 I li$e pla7on %oot"all "etter than "as$ett"all.

e. S + &ould rat'er + V"+ t'an + V"Hracia 0 &ould !ou rat'er sta! 'ome or o out#

%ndri 0 I' rather o ot than sta7 home.

EXERCISE:

b) Melenkapi kalimat.

Complete these senten#es #ontr#tion sin although because or soerees o% Comparison

a. Comparison o% A'/e#ti!es

1) :ositive (t'e base form)

Example:

/ravelin b! plane is expensi!e.

) ;omparative


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Example:

/ravellin b! train is #heaper t'an b! plane.

6) Superlative

Example:

/ravelin b! bus is the #heapest of all.

". 5eneral Rles

One or t&o s!llables adjectives.

$dder andest for t'e comparative and superlative form.

Positi!e #omparati!e sperlati!e

;'eap c'eaper c'eapestlovel! lovelier loveliest

/'ree or more s!llable adjectives.

$dd more and most for t'e comparative and superlative form


epensive more epensive most epensive

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

$djectives endin iner ,!, ow, orie.

$dder andest to t'e base form for t'e comparative and superlative form (!

c'ane to i)


simple simpler simplest

bus! busier busiest

#. Comparison o% A'!er"s

One s!llable adverbs.

$dder and Jest for t'e comparative and superlative form.

Positi!e #omparati!e sperlati!efast faster fastestearl! earlier earliest

Ot'er adverbs.

Gse more and most for t'e comparative and superlative form.


slo&l! more slo&l! most slo&l!

carefull! more carefull! most carefull!

Note:

Superlative form is al&a!s preceded b! *t'e.

Examples:

Mount Fverest is the highest mountain in t'e &orld.

Vian is the most diligent student in our class.

>. Expressions o% ReBests

The patterns:

a. =o'als ( *ill #an #ol' *ol') + 7o + 1


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". >o 7o min' i% + S + 1ol 7o min' i% + S + 1I *on'er i% 7o #ol'............

Examples:

Will !ou open t'e door, please

;an !ou speak a little more slo&l!# ;ould !ou tell me t'e &a! to t'e 'ospital#

Would !ou pleas& meet me at = toni't#

o !ou mind sta!in 'ere a moment#

Would !ou mind &aitin outside#

E. Expresssion o% 2"liations

a. :ositive obliation

S + mst + 1

Examples: 3ou must o no&.

% must save m! mone!.

S + ha!e0has to + 1Examples:

3ou 'ave to come on time.

5e 'as to meet t'e manaer at = a.m.

S + nee' to + 1Examples:

% need to visit t'e landslide victims.

5e needs to look at t'e map.". Ceative Obliations

S + mst not + 1Examples:

3ou must not smoke 'ere.

#. Co Obliation

S + 'ont ha!e to + 1Examples:

3ou dont need to do it.

'. :ast Oblation

S + ha' to +

Examples: % 'ad to take part in t'e meetin last ni't.

,. Expressin o% 5i!in A'!i#e an' 5i!in Sestions

a. S + sest 2 + 1Example:

4ona 0 %m tired.


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ana 0 % suest !ou take a rest.

". S + sest + 1-in

Example:

Eia 0 %ts ver! dark 'ere.

Marsa 0 % suest turnin on t'e li't.

#. S + a'!i#e + 2 + to 1Example:

ian 0 M! mot'er is anr! &it' me.

a!a 0 % advise !ou to apoloiDe to 'er.

'. S + shol' + 1Example:

9randa 0 % dont understand t'e lesson.

Viar 0 % t'ink !ou s'ould ask !our teac'er.

e. S + ha' "etter + 1Example:

4ula 0 % 'ave a tootac'e.

Ma!a 0 % t'ink !ou 'ad better see a dentist.%. h7 'ont 7o + 1

Example:

Sandra 0 %m bored sta!in at 'ome durin t'e 'olida!s.

esta 0 &'! dont !ou o to t'e teac'er.

. hat a"ot + Non 0 1-in

Example:

$ndi 0 &'at present s'all &e ive to 4isa on 'er birt'da!#

ima 0 &'at about a purse#

h. @o* a"ot + Non 0 1-in

Example:

1ico 0 &at do !ou &ant to eat toni't#!ta 0 'o& about makin a nice c'icken curr!#

i. I% I *ere 7o I *ol' + 1Example:

%ndra 0 M! mot'er &as anr! &it' me t'is mornin.Cara 0 %f % &ere !ou, % &ould apoloiDe to 'er.

1. Imperatives

a. ont smoke at t'e petrol station.

b. Eeep silentK t'e bab! is sleepin.

Exer#ise:

c. :ili'an anda.

Choose the "est ans*er "7 #rossin (X) a " # ' or eue but 'e is ver!

&orried t'at 'e can not do it &ell. /'en !ou told 'im t'at 'e absolutel! &ill be t'e

c'ampion.

e. Menerjema'kan.

) Translate the senten#es "elo* into In'onesian

modul bahasa inggris.doc

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