LESITIN: TEKNOLOGI, LESITIN: TEKNOLOGI, APLIKASI & SYAR’IAPLIKASI & SYAR’I

LESITIN: TEKNOLOGI, LESITIN: TEKNOLOGI, APLIKASI & SYAR’IAPLIKASI & SYAR’I

Yohanes KristiantoYohanes KristiantoLektor Kepala bidang ilmu Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi pada Lektor Kepala bidang ilmu Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi pada

Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang - 2012Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang - 2012

"Dan makanlah makanan yang halal lagi baik dari apa yang Allah telah rizkikan kepadamu, dan bertakwalah kepada Allah yang kamu beriman kepadanya

"(QS. Al-Maaidah: 88).

LECITHIN (Phosphatidyl Choline)

• Greek word "lekithos," = "egg yolk"

• Discovered by Maurice Gobley (French scientist) in 1850

• An emulsifying substance found in the cells of all living organisms

• Commercial sources: – Egg yolk, 2% lecithin– Soybean oils, 0.5 - 2% lecithin

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

• Composed of phosphoric acid, cholines, esters of glycerol, and two fatty acids

• The term lecithin is also used for a mixture of phosphoglycerides containing principally lecithin, cephalin (specifically phosphatidyl ethanolamine), and phosphatidyl inositol

A lecithin molecule has a nonpolar portion (the two fatty-acid ester groups), which is insoluble in water, and a polar portion (phosphorylcholine), which is soluble in water

EMULSIFYING AGENT

PENGGUNAAN LESITINFood industries: coklat,

bakery, margarin, candies, dairy

Industri: cat, tekstil, insekstisida

Health supplements

LECITHIN & FOOD INDUSTRY

• Lecithin is most used in food applications• Used in small amount: not exceeding 1% by

weight of the final food product• Protein content in food grade lecithin is set up to

0.3% or 300 mg/ 100 g lecithin• In the US lecithin derived from soy is maintained

at 0.05% hexane-insoluble material or 50 mg/100g lecithin

FDA/Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, 2006

HEALTH ASPECTS

• Bukan merupakan nutrient esensial• Termasuk dalam GRAS• Protein content of soy lecithin: 2.8-202 mg per 100

g (Besler et al., 2001; Paschke et al., 2001).• Dlm bentuk supplemen digunakan utk Px:

– Hipercholesterol, alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis

– Psychological and neurological disorders: Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease

• Over dosis: abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea

PROSES PEMBUATAN

OIL FILTRATION

DEGUMMING

LECITHIN PROCESSING &

STORAGE

ADDITIONAL PROCESSINGS:

•BLENDING•FRACTIONATING•DEOILING

Memisahkan phoshatides (gums)Umumnya dg pe+an bleaching agent

Membuang hexane-insoluble (HI) material

WET DEGUMMING

LECITHIN PROCESSING: DRYING

DEGUMMING DRYER

COMMERCIAL LECITHIN SPECS (FLUID)

NATURAL BLEACHED DOUBLE-BLEACHED

Acetone-insolubles, min (%)

62 62 62

Moisture, max (%) 1 1 1

Hexane-insolubles, max (%)

0.3 0.3 0.3

Acid value, max 32 32 32

Color, Gardner, max (diluted)

10 7 4

Viscosity, poises, @ 77oF, max

150 150 150

STATUS HALAL

• Kode lesitin E322• Lesitin yang tidak jelas asal-usulnya hukumnya

syubhat (Anton Apriantono, 2006), karena dimungkinkan terjadi hal-hal berikut:– Produk akhir paska fraksinasi masih

mengandung residu ethanol yg cukup tinggi– Selama proses produksi dapat melibatkan

fosfolipase A yang diambil dari pankreas babi selama proses

STATUS HALAL EMULSIFIER/STABILISER

HALAL

E400 Alginic Acid

E401 Sodium Alginate

E402 Potassium Alginate

E403 Ammonium Alginate

E404 Calcium Alginate

E405 Propane-1,2-Diol Alginate (Propylene glycol alginate; alginate ester)

E406 Agar

E407 Carrageenan

E410 Locust Bean Gum

E412 Guar Gum

E413 Tragacanth

E414 Gum Acacia (Gum Arabic)

E416 Karaya gum (Sterculia gum,

E440a Pectin

E460 Microcrystalline/Powdered Cellulose

E466 Carboxymethylcellulose, Sodium Salt

STATUS HALAL EMULSIFIER/STABILISERSUBHAT

E322 Lecithins

E415 Xanthan Gum

E430 Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate (polyoxyl 8 stearate)

E431 Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (Polyoxyl 40 stearate)

E432 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Polysorbate 20,Tween 20)

E433 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-oleate (Polysorbate 80,Tween 80)

E434 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40: Tween 40)

E435 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60;Tween 60)

E436 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (Polysorbate 65; Tween 65)

Disclaimer & sumber

• Semua property yang tercantum dalam slide ini tetap menjadi milik mereka. Penulis hanya menggunakan untuk tujuan penyebarluasan informasi.

• Referensi:– Ensiklopedia Britannica