imunologi
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imunologiTRANSCRIPT
7/21/2019 IMUNOLOGI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/imunologi-56d9f4bfbd10d 1/22
7/21/2019 IMUNOLOGI
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Agen Asing
• Agen infeksius (bakteri, virus, parasit dan
jamur)
• Agen noninfeksius (protein, hormon,
peptida, protein DA, m!A, polisakarida
dll)
• "ahan asing tersebut disebut antigen
7/21/2019 IMUNOLOGI
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SEJARAH PERKEMBANGANIMUNOLOGI
• Disiplin ilmu imunologi muncul ka!naa"an#a o$s!%asi s!caa in"i%i"ualaki$a& a"an#a p!n#aki& in'!ksi( "ans!lan)u&n#a in"i%i"u #ang &!la* s!m$u*"ai saki& &!n#a&a &!lin"ungi "aip!n#aki& #ang sama )!nisn#a+
• B*s La&in immunis a&in#a $!$asp!n#aki&• B*s Inggis immuni&# a&in#a &!lin"ungi
"ai p!n#aki& in'!ksi.
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P!k!m$angan s!lan)u&n#a
• ,-. &a*un s!$!lum mas!i s!oangP!loponn!sian "ai A&*!na m!nulis
$a*/a p!a/a& &i"ak "apa& &!k!nap!n#aki& pla0u! ka!na k!$al+S!lan)u&n#a p*!nom!na ini "ipakai "alamk!"ok&!an s!$agai mo"!l p!nc!ga*anp!n#aki& #g !'!k&i'+
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1aiola&ion
• P!&ama kali in"uksi imuni&as "ilakukan"i 2*ina "an 3uki "!ngan caam!m$!ikan kus&a k!ing "ai pus&ula
smallpo4 m!lalui in*alasi k! nos&il( a&aum!masukan po&ongan k!cil k!"alam kuli&+3!knik ini "ik!nal "!ngan 1aiola&ion+
• 3* 5678 La"# Ma# 9o&l!# Mon&agu
m!lakukan o$s!%asi( "an &!n#a&a&!knik %aiola&ion sanga& posi&i' "ans!lan)u&n#a "i&!apkan s!n"ii pa"a
anakn#a+
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E"/a" J!nn!
• 3* 5678 p!n#aki& #ang &i"ak ganas"ik!nal co/po4( caian pus&ula "ai sapi
"i$!ikan k!pa"a s!oang anak laki:laki$!umu 8 &*+ Lalu s!caa in&!nsi' anak&!s!$u& "iin'!ksi "!ngan smallpo4( "an
&!n#a&a smallpo4 &!s!$u& &i"ak "apa&$!k!m$ang+ S!lan)u&n#a #g m!n)a"ip!&an#aan $ukan *asil p!n!li&ian &api!&*ical implica&ions+
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A"%anc! Immunolog#
• P!pa"uan an&aa o$s!%asi s!caain"i%i"u #ang "iga$ung "!ngan
p!ngalaman J!nn!( maka muncula ma)oa"%anc! immunolog# #ang &!la*m!ng!m$angkan in"uksi imuni&as "!nganm!nggunakan kuman c*ol!a ol!* LuisPa&!u+
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Louis Pas&!u
• B!*asil m!ngkul&u $ak&!i c*ol!a
• M!ngin)!ksikan pa"a a#am+ S!&!la* li$uan
a#am "iin)!ksi "!ngan $ak+ 2*ol!a #ang lama(k!mu"ian a#am &!s!$u& m!n)a"i saki&+S!lan)u&n#a p!n!li&ian &!s!$u& "iulangi"!ngan m!nggunakan $ak&!i c*ol!a #ang
'!s* "ai kul&u &!n#a&a a#am &i"ak saki&(maka muncul is&ila* a&&!nua&!" s&ain %accin!+
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Vaksin
• Ba*asa la&in ;%acca< a&in#a sapi #ang"ia"opsi "ai J!nn! #ang m!nginokulasico/po4 pa"a anak(
• Pas&!u &* 5885 m!ng!m$angkan %aksinan&a4 "!ngan caa m!manaskank!mu"ian "iin)!ksikan pa"a kam$ing( lalu"iu)i &an&ang pa"a kam$ing #g &i"ak
"i%aksin ma&i( s!"ang kam$ing #g"i%aksin &!&ap *i"up+
• 3* 588= Pas&!u m!m$!ikan %aksin
pa"a )os!p* m!is&! "!ngan a$i" "og.
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P!n!muan Imuni&as Humoal
• 1aksin &!la* "ik!m$angkan ol!* Pas&!u &api&i"ak &a*u apa #ang &!)a"i
• Emil 1on B!*ing "an S*i$asa$uo Ki&asa&o &*587. p!&ama kali m!n!mukan m!kanism!
imuni&as "alam $!n&uk ;s!um< >caiannons!lul! #ang "i"apa& s!&!la* "aa*m!m$!ku?+ Hal ini "i"apa& "ai *!/an #ang"iin'!ksi "!ngan "!p&*!ia s!umn#a k!mu"ian"i$!ikan pa"a *!/an #g &i"ak "iimunisasi+
• S!um "p& m!n!&alisasi &o4in( p!sipi&asi&o4in "an m!ngalu&inasi kuman.
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Imunoglo$ulin
• El%in Ka$a& &* 57-. 'aksinasi s!um @ #g "ik!nal "!ngan ;gamma glo$ulin<s!kaang l!$i* "ik!nal ;imunoglo$ulin< #g
$!&anggung )a/a$ &!*a"ap imuni&as+S!lan)u&n#a 'aksi "ai imunoglo$ulin"ik!nal ;an&i$o"i<+ Mol!kul ini
&!kan"ung "alam caian &u$u* >*umos?maka l!$i* "ik!nal *umoal immuni&# >k!k!$alan *umoal?+
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Imuni&as s!lul!
• 3* 588- Eli! M!&c*niko'' "!mons&asikon&i$usi s!l imun #ai&u s!l "aa* pu&i*
#ang $!'ungsi un& m!m'agosi&
>p*agoc#&!s?+ S!l ini ak&i' "i&!mukanpa"a *!/an #g &!la* "iimunisasi( s!"angp" *!/an #g &i"ak "iimunisasi &i"akak&i'+ Lalu "i&!mukan kons!p ;c!llm!"ia&!" immuni&#<
• 3* 57,. M!ill 2*as! $!*asilm!ngkul&u! s!l "aa* "ai $a$i
s!lan)u&n#a "i&ulai m#co$ac&!ium+
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Imuni&as Humoal "an S!lul!
• 3* 57=. mBuc! Glick MissisipiUni%!si&#( USA+ 3!la* m!ngi"!n&i'ikasi$a*/a l#mp*oc#&! #ang $!&anggung
)a/a$ &!*a"ap !spons imun *umoal"an s!lul!• L#mp*oc#&! 3 "!i%a& "ai &*#mus #ang
m!m!"iasi s!l imun "an l#mp*oc#&! B
"!i%a& "ai $usa 'a$icius #ang$!&anggung )a/a$ &!*a"ap imuni&as*umoal+ K!"ua imuni&as ini &!n#a&a
saling m!ngun&ungkan
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obel #ri$es di "idang Imunologi
%ahun #enerima egara #eneliti
&'& mil *. "ehring +ermany erum antito-in
&' !obert /o0h +ermany 1ellular immunity to %"1
&'2 lie 3et0hnikoff
#aul rli0h
!usia
+ermany
#hago0yte dan antito-insimmunity
&'&4 1harles !i0het 5ran$e Anaphyla-is
&'&' Jules "ordet "elgium 1omplement mediatedba0teriolyssis
&'4 /arl 6andsteiner 7A 8uman blood group
&'& 3a- %heiler outh Afri0a *aksin yello9 fever
&': Daniel "ovet 9iss Antihistamin&':; !odney !. #orter
+erald 3 delman
7/
7A
1hemi0al stru0turantibodies
&':: !osalyn !. <alo9 7A !adioimmunoassay
&'2 +eorge nell
Jean Dausset
7A
5ran0e
3ajor histo0ompatability
0omple-
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obel #ri$es
%ahun #enerima egara #eneliti
&'2= 1esar 3elstein
+eorges 5. /ohler
iels /. Jerne
7/
+ermany
Denmark
3ono0lonal antibody
Immun regulatorytheories
&'2: usumu %onega9a Japan +ene rearragement inantibody produ0tion
&''&
&''>
Donald %homasJoseph 3urray
#eter 1 Doherty
!olf 3. ?inkernagel
7A7A
Australia
9iss
%ransplantationimmunology
pe0ifi0ity of the 0ellmediated immunrespons
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Imun Nonsp!si'ik >Inna&!Immuni&#?
• Monosi&• Baso'il
• Eosino'il• Polimo'onukl!a >PMN?• Mako'ag!
• D!n"i& s!l• Lang!*ans s!l• Kompl!m!n
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Imun pesifik (Adaptive Immunity)
• el %@ /ekebalan seluler (%h, %h&, %h;,
AD11, 1%6)
• el "@ /ekebalan humoral (IgA, Ig+, Ig3,Ig dan IgD)
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Organisme
Vertebrata
Kulit permukaan
bagian luar
#ermukaan salurn
pernpasan, dan
saluran pen0ernaan
Bagian Luar Bagia
n
Dalam
Agen patogen masuk
setelah merusak dinding
luar
ASI
RS
APD Aktivasi istemImun (AI)
!espons Imun
(!)
Agen #atogen
Dirusak (A#D)
Innate
Immunity
Adaptive
Immune
Responses
Imun/Kebal
%dk
dinetr
alisir
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.A.
A#1
381
el % el "
Imun seluler Imun humoral
Assesories sel
AntigenMekanisme singkat
respons imun
Imunodefisiensi
S l d d it
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K
M
!
%0
"
"
#
%8akti
$
1%6 el
#lasm
a
AP%Sistem
Komplemen
K
M
!
M#% II
"%R II
Antigen
Sel Dendrit
&sel asesori' Native
antigen
M#% II
M#% I
!eseptor
sel %
/ dan 3 aktif
3ikroorganisme
Imunoglobulin
Sel Mengenali antigen
Sel dendrits
Antigen
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Lim$o
sit
Lim$o
sit B
Lim$o
sit "
%"L "
helpe
r
"
Spr(
Respons
imun
humoral
"idak
mengenali
antigen nati$
Mengenali
antigen nati$
Cell-mediated
immunity
Sel
Plasma
Su$s!& lim'osi& #ang$!$!"a
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Daftar #ustaka
• Austin, J.3. and Bood /.J. &''. #rin0iples of1ellular and mole0ullar immnunology.C-ford
7niversity #ress.
• +olsby, !.A., /indt, %.J. and Csborne, ".A.
;. /uby Immunology =ed. 5reemann and0ompany, e9 <ork.
• !antam, 5.A., ;4. 3etode Imunologi.
Airlangga 7niversity #ress.• !antam, 5.A. ;. *irologi. Airlangga 7niversity
#ress ("ab IIIEI*).