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Strategy Formulation:

Corporate Strategy

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Corporate Strategy

Tiga Isue Kunci

Strategy direksional Strategy portofolio Parenting strategy

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Strategi Direksional

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Corporate Strategy

Directional Strategy: Orientasi pada pertumbuhan perusahaan

Ekspansi, status quo? Konsentrasi dengan industri saat ini,

diversifikasi kepada industri lain? Pertumbuhan dan ekspansi melalui

pengembangan internal atau akuisisi,merger atau aliansi strategik.

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Corporate Strategy

Directional Strategy: Tiga Strategi utama:

strategies pertumbuhan strategies stabilitas Retrenchment strategies

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Corporate Strategy

Strategi Pertumbuhan: Mekanisme External :

Mergers Transaction yang melibatkan dua atau lebih

perusahaan dimana ada pertukaran tetapi hanya satu perusahaan yang survives.

Akuisisi Pembelian perusahaan yang beroperasi berdasarkan

perusahaan yang mengakuisisi Alliansi Strategi

Kerjsama antara dua atau lebih perusahaan untuk mencapai tujuan strategik yang saling menguntungkan.

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Corporate Strategy

2 Basic Growth Strategies:

Concentration– lini produk utama di satu industri

Diversification– Lini produk pada industri lain

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Corporate Strategy

Basic Concentration Strategies:

Pertumbuhan Vertical

Pertumbuhan Horizontal

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Corporate Strategy

Concentration:

Vertical growth

Integrasi Vertical Full integration Taper integration Quasi-integration

integrasi kebelakang

integrasi kedepan

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Corporate Strategy

Basic Diversification Strategies:

Diversifikasi konsentrik

Diversifikasi konglomerat

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Corporate Strategy

Diversification:

konsentrik:

Pertumbuhan pada industri yang berhubungan

Mencari sinergisitas

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Corporate Strategy

Diversifikasi:

konglomerat:

Pertumbuhan pada industry yg tidak berhubungan

Perhatian utama pada pertimbangan keuangan

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Corporate Strategy

InternationalEntryOptions

ExportingLicensingFranchisingJoint VenturesAcquisitionsGreen-Field DevelopmentProduction SharingTurnkey OperationsBOT ConceptManagement Contracts

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Corporate Strategy

Portfolio Analysis

Berapa banyak waktu dan uang yang harus dikeluarkan perusahaan untuk menhasilkan produk yang berkualitas untuk menjamin keberlanjutan dan kesuksesan perusahaan, atau ketidaksuksesan perusahaan

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Corporate Strategy

Portfolio Analysis

BCG (Boston Consulting Group) Matrix Product life cycle and funding decisions

Question marks Stars Cash cows Dogs

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BCG Matrix

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GE Business Screen

Long-term industry attractiveness

Business strength/competitive position

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General Electric’s Business Screen

AWinners Winners

B

C

Question Marks

D

F

Average Businesses

EWinners

Losers

GLosers H

LosersProfit

Producers

Strong Average Weak

Low

Medium

High

Business Strength/Competitive Position

Indu

stry

Att

ract

iven

ess

Source: Adapted from Strategic Management in GE, Corporate Planning and Development, General Electric Corporation. Used by permission of General Electric Company.

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International Portfolio Analysis

2 Factors:

Country’s attractiveness• Market size, rate of growth, regulation

Competitive strength• Market share, product fit, contribution margin,

market support

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Portfolio Matrix for Plotting Products by Country

Harvest/Divest Combine/License

Invest/Grow Dominate/Divest Joint Venture

Lo

wH

igh

High Low

Competitive Strengths

Co

un

try

Att

ract

iven

ess

Selective Strategies

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Corporate Strategy

Portfolio Analysis

Advantages: Top management evaluates each of firm’s

businesses individually Use of externally-oriented data to

supplement management judgment Raises issue of cash flow availability Facilitates communication

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Corporate Strategy

Portfolio Analysis

Disadvantages: Difficult to define product/market segments Standard strategies can miss opportunities Illusion of scientific rigor Value-laden terms

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Corporate Strategy

Corporate Parenting:

Views the corporation in terms of resources and capabilities that can be used to build business unit value as well as generate synergies across business units.

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Corporate Strategy

Corporate Parenting:

Strategic factors Those elements of a company that determine

its strategic success or failure Performance improvement Analyze fit

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Corporate Strategy

Corporate Parenting:

Parenting-Fit Matrix Summarizes the various judgments

regarding corporate/business unit fit for the corporation as a whole.

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Corporate Strategy

Corporate Parenting:

Parenting-Fit Matrix 2 Dimensions

• Positive contributions parent can make• Negative effects parent can have

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Parenting-Fit Matrix

Edge of Heartland

Heartland

Alien Territory

Low

High

HighLow

FIT between parenting opportunities and parenting characteristics

MIS

FIT

bet

wee

n cr

itica

l suc

cess

fa

ctor

s

and

pa

rent

ing

char

acte

ristic

s

Ballast

Value Trap

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Corporate Strategy

Horizontal Strategy: Corporate strategy that cuts across business

unit boundaries to build synergy across business units to improve the competitive position of one or more business units.