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“PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DHUMAKETU RASA W.S.R TO ITS ANTIPYRETIC

ACTIVITY”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OFDr. P.H.C. Murthy Professor and H.O.D P.G. Dept. of RASASHASTRA S.J.G.A.C KOPPAL.

By DR.ALTAF.H.K

Final year PG scholar, Dept. of Rasa Shastra

UNDER THE CO-GUIDANCE OFDr.RUDRAKSHI.P.DEVARAGUDI,M.D. (Ayu)Reader, P.G. Dept. of RASASHASTRA S.J.G.A.C KOPPAL.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Dr. P.H.C. Murthy Professor and H.O.D P.G. Dept. of RASASHASTRA S.J.G.A.C KOPPAL.

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Introduction JVARA is considered as the first and foremost and the king of all

the diseases. A very important disease affecting the human beings and also one of the cause for death. It is the common disease encountered in the universe, which spares no human being, affecting at any point of time throughout the life time, from birth to death. Role of a universal antipyretic drug is the need of every physician in every system of medicine. There are many antipyretic formulations having miraculous actions mentioned in Ayurvedic literatures. Many of such formulations are going out of practice gradually because their role, importance and efficacy are not documented scientifically. Dhumaketu rasa is one such formulation which is claimed by classical texts as a good antipyretic which is said to relieve recent onset of fever very quickly. All classical texts mentioned that dhumaketu rasa reduces tarun jwara very quickly, like Comet traverses in the sky in a very fast pace.

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AIM AND OBJECTIVES

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Aims&Objectives of the studyPharmaceutical:-

To prepare formulation of Dhumaketu rasa according to the procedures laid down in Rasayogasagara.

Analytical:-To analytically study the prepared Dhumaketu rasa as per pharmacognistical and pharmaceutical standards (AFI).

Experimental:-To evaluate the efficacy of Dhumaketu rasa for their

antipyretic action in albino rats.To compare the efficacy of antipyretic action Dhumaketu

rasa with that of control and standard.

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collection of Raw Material:

Raw Materials were collected from the traders after thorough examining the Grahya lakshanas of Parada and Gandhaka, Hingula,Samudraphena.

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Pharmaceutical study:Shodhana of Parada done according to Rasa Tarangini, Saamanya shodhana method, from this 260gms of shuddha Parada obtained out of 300gms of raw Parada.Reference :- Rasatarangini (5/27-29)Shodhana of Gandhaka done acc to Rasa Tarangini,Daalana method,from this 270gms of shuddha Gandhaka obatained out of 300 gms.Reference :- Rasatarangini (8/7-11)Shodhana of Hingula done acc to Rasa tarangini,by nimbu swarasa bhavana method,from this 325gms of shuddha Hingula obatained out of 300gms.Reference :- Rasatarngini (9/12)Shodhana of samudraphena done acc Rasatarangiini,by nimbu swarasa bhavana method ,from this 290gms of shuddha samudraphena obtained out of 300gms.Reference:- Rassatarngini (12/111-112)

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Cont....Prepration of KAJJALI:-Shodhita parada-250gms & Shodhita Gandhaka -250gmstaken in khalwa yantra ,trituration done upto 10 days to get kajjali siddha lakshanas , At the end of 50 hrs,the entire powder became fine, black, smooth, lusterless and KajjalabhaPrepration of DHUMAKETU RASA:-Shuddha Parada - 250gmsShuddha Gandhaka -250gmsShuddha Hingula -250gmsShuddha Samudraphena -250gmsArdraka Swarasa -Q.SShodhita parada & shodhita Gandhaka taken in a equal quantity ,kajjali prepared.All ingredients taken in equal quantity and Trituration continued for three days by using quantity sufficient aardraka swarasa to give bhavana to the drug. After three days ,drug completely dried up, collected & preserved in air tight container in the form of powder.

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INGREDIENTS FOR PARADA SHODHANA

Sudha churnaRAW PARADA RASONA

MARDANAWITH SAIDHAVA LAVANA & RASONNA KALKAVASTRAGAALANA OF

PARADA

SHODHITA PARADA

PARADA MARDANA WITH SUDHA CHURNA

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ASHODHITA GANDHAKA ADDING GANDHAKA INTO GHEE SMEARED IRON VESSEL

ON STOVE

MELTED GANDHAKA DURING HEATING ON STOVE

POURING MELTED GANDHAKA IN MILK

GANDHAKA IN MILK GANDHAKA WASHED IN HOT WATER

SHODHITA GANDHAKA

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SAMUDRAPHENA NIMBU SWARASA BHAVANA

RAW HINGULA HINGULA SHODHANA WITH NIMBU SWARASA

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ADDING PARADA AND GANDHAKA IN KHALWA

KAJJALI AFTER 6TH HOUR OF TRITURATION

KAJJALI AFTER 30TH HOUR OF TRITURATION KAJJALI AFTER 50TH HOUR OF TRITURATION

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PREPRATION OF DHUMAKETU RASA

SHODHITA HINGULA,SAMUDRAPHENA & KAJJALI

TRITURATING ALL INGREDIENTS IN KHALWA

AARDRAKA SWARASA ADDING TO THE MIXTURE OF DHUMAKETURASA

BHAVANA WITH AARDRAKA SWARASA AFTER COMLETION OF 3DAYS

BHAVANA

PREPARED DHUMAKETU RASA

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Physico-chemical analysis of DHUMAKETU RASA was carried out pH -7.54 Total ash about 26.79%. Loss on drying at 110c is 1.451% Acid insoluble ash is 1.576% Organoleptic character- Dhumaketu Rasa is black coloured amorphous powderXRD- Dhumaketu Rasa intensity peak values in 2 theta at 26.4,31.2,43.67,54.6FTIR –shows organic compounds at1. peak -1538.43, frequency- 6.5µ,functional group- No2,nitro asymmetrical

stretch2. Peak-3399.10,frequency- 2.94 µ, functional group- N-H amines,O-H hydrogen bonded alchohols,phenols, O-H monomeric

alchohols,phenols, C-H alkynes XRF- Shows element oxide form S,Hg,Ca-45.59 %, 31.20 %,16.69 % &in Elemement form-64.98 %,18.26 % ,11.93 %

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Experimental study :-Total 24 Albino rats of either sex weighing between 180g-

250g will take and divided randomly into 4 groups, each containing 6 Albino rats. All the healthy albino rats which will select for the experiment will keep under fasting for 18 hours before to the commencement of the experiment. Initial normal rectal temperature of all the Albino rats will be recorded by using a digital thermometer. Fever will induced by using 15% of Baker’s yeast yeast solution injected subcutaneously in all the albino rats in the dose of 3g/20ml body weight and will be replaced in the cages. Then the rectal temperature of each rat will be noted 18th hour after injection. This temperature noted to confirm pyrexia. After 18th hour of injection of yeast, corresponding test drugs will be administered for all the groups.

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Cont...Albino rats of group 1 which will be administered with

distilled water. Albino rats of group 2 will be administered with

paracetamol suspension at the dose of 100mg/20ml of body weight by using the feeding syringe.

Albino rats of group 3 will administered with the suspension of Dhumaketu rasa therapeutic dose (Albino rat dose will be calculated on the basis of human dose by using standard conversion method) &

group 4 will administered with the suspension of Dhumaketu rasa double the therapeutic dose.

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Cont....There after the rectal temperature was measured repeatedly at an

interval of 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,and 24th hr.Mean temperature of all groups calculated compared with the

control & standard.The result is statistically analysed by paired ‘t’ test& ANOVA.Among the all 4 groups, control group shows insignificant results.standard group shows significant to highly significant results in

reducing temperature. compare to standard group dhumaketu rasa single dose group

shows insignificant results in reducing temperaturedhumaketu rasa double dose group shows significant result at 4 th

hr,at 24th hr it shows highly significant result ,i.e. it shows marginal to moderate anti-pyretic activity profile.

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Mean GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4

B.T. 39.70 39.65 39.13 39.60

1h 39.77 39.12 39.12 39.50

2nd h 39.72 38.85 39.08 39.58

3rd h 39.67 38.93 39.02 39.40

4th h 39.63 38.93 38.97 39.12

24th h 39.58 38.87 38.53 38.70

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B.T. 1h 2nd h 3rd h 4th h 24th h37.80

38.00

38.20

38.40

38.60

38.80

39.00

39.20

39.40

39.60

39.80

GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4

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MARKING OF RATS FOR IDENTIFICATION YEAST SOLTION PREPARED BY

ADDING DISTILLED WATER & BAKERS YEAST

DIGITAL TELE THERMOMETER WITH PROBES

YEAST INJECTION SUBCUTANEOUSLY GIVEN TO ALBINO RATS TO INDUCE FEVER

RECORDING OF RECTAL TEMP WITH PROBE ATTACHED TO DIGITAL TELE THERMOMETER

ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF DHUMAKETU RASA WITH

SYRINGE

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DISCUSSIONReview of literature :-

On revise of literature it is found that twenty text book of rasashastra contains the reference of Dhumaketu rasa.Many of their being compilation work ,the authorship of this yoga can be attributed to aacharya Dhundhukanath &also to the Aacharya praananath those work Rasendra chintamani,rasa pradip respectively are placed in sixteenth century.

As per the antipyretic property of the ingredient of dhumaketu rasa.Hingula is attributed with jwaraghna property in the Ayurveda prakash,Brihat ras raj sundar,ras tarangini, since Gandhaka alleviates Aama & Samudraphena has got deepana, paachana properties. it appears that those two are added to attribute Aama & thus indirectly act as an antipyretic. Parada is added probably to minimize the dose, it contain the quality of the medicine on storage even for many days.

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Cont....Pharmaceutical study;-In the pharmaceutical processing purification of the drugs has been

carried out basing on the popular ,standard procedure, i.e. Mercury as per R.T(5/27-29)Sulphar as per R.T(8/7-11)Hingula as per R.T(9-12)Samudraphena as per R.T (12/111-112)Parada & Gandhaka are made into Kajjali by triturating for almost 50

hrs ,while took total period of ten days at the end of which the criteria of Kajjali was obtained ,stepwise observation was recorded during the procedure.

Finally all the ingredients i.e. Kajjali ,Hingula,& Samudarphena have been added together and ground to homogenous mixture ,later Aardraka swarasa is added & bhavana given for three days ,there was a weight gain of thirty grams after completion of bhavana.

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Cont..This study revealed that Dhumaketu rasa is a

Black colored amorphous powder,The loss on drying at 105c temp is 1.451% ash is 26.79% insoluble ash is 1.576%Ph value is 7.54

XRD studyshows intensity peak values in 2 theta at 26.4,31.2,43.67,54.6

XRF study major ingredient were SULPHUR,MERCURY,CALCIUM,ARSENIC in the oxide form in the

concentration of 45.59%,31.20%,16.69%,3.79% respectively. POTASSIUM,SILICA,SODIUM etc were also present which were less than 1%.

The concentration of SULPHUR,MERCURY,CALCIUM,ARSENIC in element form was 64.98%,18.26%,11.93%,2.87% respectively.

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Among the all 4 groups,control group shows insignificant results that indicates without treatment pyrexia will not reduced.standard group shows significant to highly significant results in reducing temperature. compare to standard group dhuamaketu rasa single dose group shows insignificant results in reducing temperature & dhuamaketu rasa double dose group shows significant result at 4th hr,at 24th hr it shows high signifianct result ,i.e it shows marginal to moderate anti-pyretic activity profile. There was no mortality within 24hours of observation within trail drug groups.So it was found that safe .

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Conclusion Dhuamaketu rasa is 1st mentioned in rasendra chintamani of aacharya

dhundhukanth & rasa pradip of aachchrya pranantah both belonging to 16 th century

Hingula is the main ingredient which has direct antipyretic property, the other ingredients,are to be considered augmenting & catalytic agents.

Dhuamaketu rasa is a khalwiya rasaayana, a homogenous mixture of parada, gandhaka, hingula, samudraphena, with aardraka swarasa the physical properties of this compound found in the study can be taken as standard for the further processing of this drug.

XRD,XRF,FTIR values found in this project can be taken as standard for characterization of dhumaketu rasa.

The experimental study- it is clear that the test drug has moderate but delayed onset antipyretic activity especially at higher dose level.

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