chapther 23

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

1/20

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

2/20

PendahuluanSeperti disebutkan dalam Bab 21, upaya

hukum terhadap kerusakan dapat diberikan atassetiap pelanggaran kontrak, baik yang besar atauyang sepele. Hal ini berhubungan dengan Bab

penawaran dengan solusi informasi lainnya yangmungkin tersedia untuk pelanggaran kontrak secaraserius, atau dalam situasi lain di mana kejadiansecara mendasar mengubah lingkungan kontrak.

Kontrak kerja secara sah dapat menjadiberhenti, baik sementara atau permanen. Hal inimemerlukan pertimbangan solusi penghentian kerjasementara, pemutusan kontrak untuk pelanggarandan pemutusan hubungan kerja kontraktor. Ada jugakemungkinan bahwa kontrak dapat diakhiri dibawah

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

3/20

CHAPTER 23.

23.1 PENANGGUHAN PEKERJAAN23.2 PENGHENTIAN UNTUK

PELANGGARAN DI HUKUM ADAT23.3 PEMUTUSAN KONTRAK DENGAN

JCT23.4 PEMUTUSAN KONTRAK DENGAN

FRUSTASI

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

4/20

PENAGGUHAN PEKERJAAN At common law (unlike French law), one contracting party (A) has noright to suspend performance of contractual obligations on atemporary basis, on the ground that the other party (B) is in breachof contract.

As far as construction contracts are concerned, the common lawposition has been reversed by statute.

The Act provides that any time during which work is suspended inthis way is to be disregarded in working out the length of time takento complete the contract work, and any other work which is directlyor indirectly affected (for example under a sub-contract).

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

5/20

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

6/20

PENGHENTIAN UNTUKPELANGGARAN DI HUKUM

ADATTermination of a contract for breach refers to the situation here themisconduct of one of the parties is so serious that the law gives theother party the option to bring the contract to an end.

This Section explores the issue of termination for breach, contrastingit with termination of the contractors employment, and examines thecircumstances in which termination commonly happens inconstruction contracts.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

7/20

23.2.1 Pemutusan untuk pelanggarandan pemutusan hubungan kerja

dibedakanIt is important at the outset to understand the distinction between the twoconcepts of termination for breach and termination of the contractorsemployment. The common law right to terminate or repudiate a contractcan arise in either of two situations. First, one party may make clear thatit has no intention of performing its side of the bargain. Secondly, thatparty may be guilty of such a serious breach of contract that it will betreated as having no intention of performing.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

8/20

23.2.2 Sifat dan efek penolakan

As mentioned above, repudiatory conduct by a contracting partydoes not of itself bring that contract to an end. This will come aboutonly when the innocent party chooses to exercise its right toterminate the contract and notifies the guilty party to that effect.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

9/20

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

10/20

Pelanggaran Majikan/Pemilik :

Penolakan untuk memberikan kepemilikan situs ;While minor interference by the employer with the contractors possessionof the site is not a repudiatory breach,13 an outright refusal to give

possession in the first place will be so.

Jumlah non - pembayaran yang harus dilunasi ;

As a general principle of law, failure to pay on time what is due under acontract will not normally be treated as a sufficient breach to justify theother party in terminating that contract

Pemotongan sertifikat ;

If the contract administrator refuses to certify at the appropriate time, or

negligently under-certifies, this may well constitute a breach of contract onthe employers part.

Hambatan dari kontraktor :

A breach by the employer of the duties of non-hindrance and positive co-operation may be so serious as to indicate an intention not to be bound.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

11/20

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

12/20

PEMUTUSAN KONTRAKDENGAN JCT

23.3.1 Pemutusan oleh majikan di bawah JCT SBC 05 klausul 8,4-8,8 Alasan penghentian

Prosedur

Konsekuensi dari pemutusan hubungan kerja

23.3.2 Pemutusan oleh kontraktor di bawah JCT SBC 05 klausul 8.9 dan8.10

Alasan penghentian

Prosedur

Konsekuensi dari penghentian

23.3.3 Penghentian atas dasar netral di bawah JCT SBC 05Pasal 8.11

Option Asuransi C - Ayat C.4.4 Jadwal 3

23.3.4 Pemutusan bawah sub-kontrak

Alasan penghentian

Prosedur dan konsekuensi

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

13/20

23.3.1 Pemutusan oleh majikandi bawah JCT SBC 05 klausul

8,4-8,8Alasan p enghen t ianClause 8.4.1 entitles the employer to terminate the contractors employmentfor certain defaults, namely:

1. Suspension of work without reasonable cause.

2. Failure to proceed regularly and diligently.

3. Failure to comply with a contract administrators instruction to remove defective work, so that the works are materially affected.

4. Unauthorized sub-contracting or assignment.

5. Failure to comply with contractual obligations regarding CDM Regulations.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

14/20


8,4-8,8ProsedurWhere the contractor is guilty of any of the defaults specified in clause 8.4.1,the

contract administrator is to issue a written notice specifying the default. If the

28 Thomas default is then continued for 14 days, the employer may within 10

days of thecontinuance terminate the contractors employment by issuing a notice to this

effect. Furthermore, if termination does not take place on this occasion, any

subsequent repetition of a specified default gives the employer the right to

terminate immediately; there is no need (and indeed no power) to issue aseconddefault notice.30 It may be noted that this two -notice procedure is notrequired in

cases of termination on insolvency or corruption.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

15/20


8,4-8,8Kon sekuens i da ri pemutusan hub ung an ker ja1. The employer may employ others to complete the works, and may forthis purpose make use of the contractors temporary buildings, plant, tools,equipment and materials.

2. All of the contractors equipment, etc. must be removed from the site, but

only when the contract administrator has given the instruction so to do.3. The contractor is required to provide the employer with two copies of allcontractors design documents (if there is a contractors designed portion).

4. The employer may insist on taking an assignment from the contractor ofall sub-contracts and all contracts for the supply of materials.

5. The contractor is not entitled to any further payment (including, itappears, payments that the employer should already have made34) untilthe works are completed by another contractor or until six months after theemployer decides not to complete them (clauses 8.7.4 and 8.8respectively). The contractor is then entitled to the difference, if any,between what would have been earned by completing the contract and

what the breach has cost the employer (the expenses incurred incompletion plus any direct loss and /or damage). If, as is likely, the

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

16/20

23.3.2 Pemutusan oleh kontraktor dibawah JCT SBC 05 klausul 8.9 dan 8.10

Alasan penghen t ian1. Failure by the employer to pay amounts properly due within thetime limits.

2. Interference by the employer with the issue of any certificate.

3. Unauthorized assignment by the employer.

4. Failure by the employer to comply with contractual obligationsregarding CDM Regulations.

5. Suspension of the whole or substantially the whole of the works fora continuous period stated in the Contract Particulars (where adefault provision of two months is provided) by reason of one of the

following specified events:Contract administrators instructions dealing with discrepancies incontract documents, variations or postponement of work, unlessthese are caused by negligence or default of any statutoryundertaker or of the contractor.

Any impediment, prevention or default by the employer, contractadministrator, quantity surveyor or any other person employed by

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

17/20

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

18/20

23.3.3 Penghentian atas dasar netral dibawah JCT SBC 05Pas al 8.11

1. Force majeure.

2. Contract administrators instructions dealing with discrepancies incontract documents, variations or postponement of work, each ofthem as result of the negligence or default by a statutory undertaker

(a term which is defined in clause 1.1 of JCT SBC 05, for example alocal authority).

3. Loss or damage to the works caused by a Specified Peril.

4. Civil commotion, the use or threat of terrorism or the therebytriggered activities of authorities.

5. The exercise of any statutory power by the UK Government whichdirectly affects the execution of the works.

Option A surans i C - Ay at C.4 .4 Jadw al 3

Where the contract consists of work on an existing structure andinsurance option C is stated in the Contract Particulars (againstclause 6.7) to apply, an additional ground of termination exists whichoverlaps rather awkwardly with clause 8.11.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

19/20

23.3.4 Pemutusan bawah sub-kontrak

Alasan penghen t ian :1. Suspension, without reasonable cause, either wholly orsubstantially, of the carrying out of the main contract works.

2. Failure to proceed, without reasonable cause, with the maincontract works so that reasonable progress of the sub-contract is

seriously affected.3. Failure to make payment in accordance with the sub-contract.

4. Failure to comply with the CDM regulations.

Prosedur dan konsekuens i :

Sub-contractors are well protected since they can claim any directloss and/or expense caused by the termination (JCT SBCSub 05:7.11.3.5). Clause 7.11.5 of the sub-contract sets out that (parallel toclause 8.12.5 of JCT SBC 05) the amount properly due has to be

paid to the sub-contractor within 28 days after the submission of theappropriate account, without deduction of any retention money.

8/12/2019 Chapther 23

20/20

PEMUTUSAN KONTRAKDENGAN FRUSTASI

If this happens through the fault of neither party, and the contract itselfmakes no sufficient provision for what has occurred, it is possible that thelaw may treat the contract as terminated.

What is more, most standard form contracts make express provision formany of the eventualities that might lead a party to claim that a contracthas been frustrated, and the doctrine cannot be used to override clearcontract terms.

The earlier case of Metropolitan Water Board v Dick, Kerr & Co Ltd 36arose out of a fixed-price contract for the construction of a reservoir. Thecontract, which was entered into on the eve of World War I, provided thatthe work was to be completed within six years, but gave the engineer

very wide powers to orderextensions of time. After some 18 months, the government ordered thecontractors to stop the work and to sell all their plant. This development,it was held, was sufficient to bring the contract to an end. It went farbeyond the extension of time provisions in the contract, and made theproject fundamentally different from what had been envisaged.

chapther 23

Documents