Senyawa Antibiotik

Senyawa AntibiotikHaeria, M.SiPengertian Pada tahun 1942, Waksman3 mengusulkan definisi antibiotik bahwa "zat antibiotik atau antibiotik adalah zat dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme, yang memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan dan bahkan menghancurkan mikroorganisme lainnya. Oleh karena itu, zat diklasifikasikan sebagai antibiotik jikakondisi berikut ini terpenuhi:produk dari metabolismeproduk sintetis yang diproduksi sebagai analog struktural antibiotik alami.antagonis pertumbuhan atau kelangsungan hidup dari satu atau lebih spesies mikroorganisme.efektif dalam konsentrasi rendah.

KlasifikasiBeta laktamPenicillinSefalosforinMonobaktamAminoglikosidaTetrasiklinMakrolidaLinkomisinPolipeptidaLain-lain , sintetik (quinolin)

Dari klasifikasi kimiawi antibiotik tersebut, gambarkan masing-masing kerangka dasar, dan berikan penjelasan (tunjukkan gugus fungsi) mengapa digolongkan sesuai dengan kerangka dasar tersebut.Dari masing-masing golongan, berikan contoh obatnya.Dari no.2 di atas, pilih salah satu senyawa obat dan jelaskan metode identifikasi. Beta Laktam - Penisilin

AmpicillinHydroxy CompoundsAcetatesAmino KetonesAliphatic and Aryl AminesBenzene and DerivativesCarboxylic Acids and DerivativesBeta LactamsPenicillinsThiazolesPhenethylaminesHeterocyclic compoundsAromatic compoundsCarboxamides and DerivativesLactamsAzetidinesThiazolidines

Identifikasi AmpicillinA white crystalline powder. M.p. about 200. Soluble 1 in 170 of water; practically insoluble in ethanol, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ether.Colour Tests.Liebermann's testorange. Suspend 10mg in 1mL of water and add 2mL of a mixture of 2mL of potassium cupritartrate solution and 6mL of waterredviolet.

Sefalosforin Oral

Parenteral sefalosforin

CephalexinPhenethylaminesCephalosporinsSubstrukturHydroxy CompoundsAcetatesAmino KetonesCarboxylic Acids and DerivativesAliphatic and Aryl AminesBenzene and DerivativesBeta LactamsEnaminesPhenethylaminesHeterocyclic compoundsAromatic compoundsCarboxamides and DerivativesCephalosporinsLactamsAzetidines

CefalexinA white to creamcoloured, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline powder. Soluble 1 in 100 of water and 1 in 30 of 0.2% hydrochloric acid; practically insoluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ether; soluble in solutions of dilute alkalis. Dissociation Constant.pKa2.5, 5.2, 7.3.Partition Coefficient.LogP(octanol/water), 0.6.High Performance Liquid Chromatography.System HAAretention time, 3.9min (peak 1). Ultraviolet Spectrum.Aqueous acid258; water260nm (A11=232a). Monobaktam - Astreonam

2. AminoglikosidaStreptomisin Neomisin

Pertanyaan..Tunjukkan gugus aminoglikosidanyaStreptomisinA white hygroscopic powder. Very soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol, chloroform and ether. Partition Coefficient.LogP(octanol/water), 7.5.Colour Tests.Benedict's reagentorangebrown. Boil a small quantity of streptomycin sulfate with 1M sodium hydroxide, add a slight excess of hydrochloric acid and a few drops of ferric chloride solutionviolet. Thinlayer Chromatography.System TARf 00; system TAERf 00. (Acidified potassium permanganate solution, positive.)

3. Tetrasiklin oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline,minocycline,doxycycline.

Kuantitatif

4. RifamisinRifampisinRifabutin

5. MakrolidaEritromisin

Eritromisin determination

6. PolipeptidaBasitrasinPolimiksin

Vankomisin7. KloramfenikolColour Tests.Fujiwara Testred; Nessler's Reagentbrownorange.

8. QuinolonAsam nalidiksatCiprofloksasinNorfloksasinLefofloksasin

Asam nalidiksatAn almost white or very pale yellow crystalline powder. M.p. 229 to 230.Practically insoluble in water; soluble 1 in 910 of ethanol and 1 in 35 of chloroform; very slightly soluble in ether; soluble in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates. Dissociation Constant.pKa6.0.Partition Coefficient.LogP(octanol/water), 1.6.Thinlayer Chromatography.System TDRf 39; system TERf 02; system TFRf 31; system TADRf 62; system TAERf 63. High Performance Liquid Chromatography.System HYRI 380; system HAARetention time(s) 16.0min. Ultraviolet Spectrum.Aqueous acid257 (A11=1233b), 315nm; aqueous alkali258 (A11=1120a), 334nm. Infrared Spectrum.Principal peaks at wavenumbers 1613, 1704, 809, 1250, 1225, 1515cm1 (KBr disk).9. Metronidazole10. Sulfonamida