TUGAS AKHIR

DASAR PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

ARSITEKTUR (DP3A)

BANDARA INTERNASIONAL TERPADU ADI SOEMARMO BARU

DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR TOURISM

Diajukan sebagai Pelengkap dan Syarat

Guna Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Oleh:

ENY DWI WARDANI

D 300 130 058

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2017

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

vii

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... iii

LEMBAR PENILAIAN ......................................................................................... iv

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 15

1.1 Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 15

1.1.1 Bandara Adi Soemarmo .................................................................. 15

1.1.2 Kapasitas Bandara Adi Soemarmo.................................................. 16

1.1.3 Rencana Pengembangan Bandara Adi Soemarmo .......................... 16

1.1.4 Transportasi Terintegrasi ................................................................ 17

1.1.5 Konsep Tourism .............................................................................. 18

1.2 Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 20

1.3 Tujuan dan Sasaran................................................................................. 20

1.4 Metode Pembahasan ............................................................................... 20

1.4.1 Studi Literatur ................................................................................. 20

1.4.2 Studi Kasus...................................................................................... 20

1.4.3 Metode Analisa Konsep .................................................................. 21

1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 21

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 22

2.1 Tinjauan Umum Bandara ....................................................................... 22

2.1.1 Pengertian Bandara ......................................................................... 22

2.1.2 Fungsi Bandara................................................................................ 22

2.1.3 Penggunaan Bandara ....................................................................... 22

2.1.4 Hierarki Bandara ............................................................................. 23

2.1.5 Klasifikasi Bandara ......................................................................... 24

2.1.6 Infrastruktur Bandara ...................................................................... 24

viii

2.2 Perancangan Bandara ............................................................................. 29

2.2.1 Rencana Induk Bandar Udara (The Airport Master Plan) .............. 30

2.2.2 Pemilihan Lokasi Bandara .............................................................. 30

2.3 Bandara di Indonesia .............................................................................. 32

2.4 Tinjauan Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo .................................... 33

2.4.1 Sejarah ............................................................................................. 33

2.4.2 Spesifikasi Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo .......................... 34

2.4.3 Struktur Organisasi Bandara Adi Soemarmo .................................. 39

2.4.4 Data Arus Lalu Lintas Angkutan Udara Bandara Adi Soemarmo .. 40

2.4.5 Prediksi Kapasitas Bandara Adi Soemarmo ................................... 42

2.4.6 Penelitian Terkait Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo ............... 43

2.5 Tinjauan Transportasi Terintegrasi......................................................... 44

2.5.1 Tinjauan Umum Transportasi Terintegrasi ..................................... 44

2.5.2 Tinjauan Transportasi Terintegrasi Bandara Internasional Kansai . 46

2.6 Tinjauan Tourism.................................................................................... 49

2.6.1 Tinjauan Umum Konsep Tourism ................................................... 49

2.6.2 Tinjauan Konsep Tourism Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai ................. 50

2.6.3 Tinjauan Konsep Tourism Bandara Internasional Incheon Korea .. 53

2.7 Kesimpulan Perancangan ....................................................................... 57

BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM LOKASI DAN GAMBARAN PERENCANAAN

............................................................................................................................... 59

3.1 Tinjauan Umum Kabupaten Boyolali ..................................................... 59

3.1.1 Letak geografis ................................................................................ 59

3.1.2 Topografi ......................................................................................... 61

3.1.3 Iklim dan Cuaca .............................................................................. 61

3.1.4 Infrastruktur..................................................................................... 61

3.1.5 Penggunaan Lahan dan Potensi Pengembangan Wilayah ............... 62

3.2 Tinjauan Transportasi Kereta Api di Boyolali ....................................... 62

3.3 Tinjauan Lokasi Perencanaan ................................................................. 64

3.2.1 Administratif Kecamatan Mojosongo ............................................. 64

3.2.2 Lokasi Perancangan ........................................................................ 64

ix

BAB IV ANALISIS PENDEKATAN DAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANCANGAN................................................................................................. 67

4.1 Analisa dan Konsep ................................................................................ 67

4.2 Analisa Relokasi ..................................................................................... 68

4.3 Analisa Terintegrasi................................................................................ 68

4.4.1 Analisa Pencapaian ......................................................................... 68

4.4.2 Jalur Kereta ..................................................................................... 69

4.4 Analisa Kapasitas ................................................................................... 72

4.4.1 Analisa Program Ruang .................................................................. 72

4.4.2 Analisa Runway .............................................................................. 79

4.4.3 KonsepTerminal .............................................................................. 80

4.4.3 Konsep Hangar ................................................................................ 81

4.4.4 Konsep Apron ................................................................................. 81

4.4.5 Konsep Zonasi ................................................................................. 81

4.4.6 Analisa Pengenbangan Bandara ...................................................... 85

4.5 Analisa Tourism ..................................................................................... 85

4.5.1 Konsep Arsitektural ........................................................................ 86

4.6 Analisa Bentuk Bangunan ...................................................................... 89

4.6.1 Analisa Struktur .............................................................................. 89

4.6.2 Analisa Angin dan Matahari ........................................................... 90

4.7 Analisa Lingkungan................................................................................ 92

4.7.1 Analisa Hidrologi ............................................................................ 92

4.7.2 Analisa View ................................................................................... 93

4.7.3 Analisa Kebisingan ......................................................................... 94

4.7.4 Analisa Vegetasi.............................................................................. 94

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 96

x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Bagian-bagian dari sistem terminal penumpang ................................. 26

Gambar 2. Ukuran parkir pesawat ........................................................................ 27

Gambar 3. Pola parkir pesawat ............................................................................. 28

Gambar 4. Diagram operasi dari penumpang pesawat.......................................... 30

Gambar 5. Peran bandara di Indonesia ................................................................. 32

Gambar 6. Rute penerbangan domestik ................................................................ 33

Gambar 7. Rute penerbangan internasional .......................................................... 33

Gambar 8. Check in counter Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo .................... 38

Gambar 9. Security check Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo ........................ 38

Gambar 10. Struktur Organisasi PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Bandar Udara

Internasional Adi Soemarmo Surakarta ................................................................ 39

Gambar 11. Sirkulasi penumpang kereta Bandara Internasional Kansai .............. 46

Gambar 12. Potongan bangunan terminal dan stasiun Bandara Internasional

Kansai .................................................................................................................... 46

Gambar 13. Stasiun kereta Bandara Internasional Kansai .................................... 47

Gambar 14. Aeroplasza Bandara Internasional Kansai......................................... 47

Gambar 15. Kantong parkir Bandara Internsional Kansai .................................... 48

Gambar 16. Akses dengan high-speed ferry di Bandara Internasional Kansai ..... 48

Gambar 17. Akses dengan taksi di Bandara Internasional Kansai ........................ 49

Gambar 18. Denah lantai 1 Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai ...................................... 51

Gambar 19. Denah lantai 2 Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai ...................................... 51

Gambar 20. Bandara Internasional I Gusti Ngurah Rai ........................................ 52

Gambar 21. Hall arrival Bandara Internasional I Gusti Ngurah Rai ..................... 52

Gambar 22. Denah terminal lantai 1 dan 2 Bandara Internasional Incheon ......... 54

Gambar 23. Denah terminal lantai 3 dan 4 Bandara Internasional Incheon ......... 55

Gambar 24. Pameran kostum tradisional Korea ................................................... 56

Gambar 25. Pembuatan kerajinan ......................................................................... 56

Gambar 26. Pertunjukan musik ............................................................................. 56

Gambar 27. Festival musik musim gugur ............................................................. 57

Gambar 28. Peta administrasi Kabupaten Boyolali .............................................. 60

Gambar 29. Peta infrastruktur Kabupaten Boyolali .............................................. 62

Gambar 30. Peta jalur kereta api dan tram (Sumber: Cahyono, 2013) ................. 63

Gambar 31. Site terpilih di Kecamatan Mojosongo .............................................. 65

Gambar 32. Situasi site ......................................................................................... 66

Gambar 33. Situasi site ......................................................................................... 66

Gambar 34. Kondisi lingkungan lokasi bandara baru ........................................... 68

Gambar 35. Jalur rel non aktif............................................................................... 69

xi

Gambar 36. Rencana jalur kereta .......................................................................... 70

Gambar 37. Alur penumpang pesawat .................................................................. 71

Gambar 38. Rencana curb ..................................................................................... 71

Gambar 39. Rencana apron ................................................................................... 81

Gambar 40. Sirkulasi keberangkatan .................................................................... 82

Gambar 41. Sirkulasi kedatangan ......................................................................... 83

Gambar 42. Sirkulasi bagasi ................................................................................. 84

Gambar 43. Rencana pengambangan Bandara...................................................... 85

Gambar 44. Rencana bentuk menara ATC ........................................................... 87

Gambar 45. Tumpang Sari .................................................................................... 87

Gambar 46. Umpak ............................................................................................... 88

Gambar 47 Ukiran pintu........................................................................................ 88

Gambar 48. Bandara Internasional Kansai............................................................ 89

Gambar 49. Potongan struktur Bandara Internasional Kansai .............................. 89

Gambar 50. Adaptasi bentuk bangunan terhadap matahari .................................. 91

Gambar 51. Adaptasi bentuk bangunan terhadap angin musim ............................ 91

Gambar 52. Rencana bentuk pier .......................................................................... 91

Gambar 53. Konsep penggunaan air ..................................................................... 92

Gambar 54. Rencana perletakan bak penampung dan pengelolaan air ................. 92

Gambar 55. Analisa vegetasi................................................................................. 95

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Data Bandara Adi Soemarmo ................................................................. 34

Tabel 2. Arus Lalu Lintas Pesawat, Penumpang dan Bagasi Domestik Bandar

Udara Adi Soemarmo Tahun 2012 s/d 2017 ......................................................... 40

Tabel 3. Arus Lalu Lintas Barang dan Pos Domestik Bandar Udara Adi

Soemarmo Tahun 2012 s/d 2017........................................................................... 40

Tabel 4. Arus Lalu Lintas Pesawat, Penumpang dan Bagasi Internasional Bandar

Udara Adi Soemarmo Tahun 2012 s/d 2017 ......................................................... 40

Tabel 5. Tabel 3. Arus Lalu Lintas Barang dan Pos Internasional Bandar Udara

Adi Soemarmo Tahun 2012 s/d 2017.................................................................... 41

Tabel 6. Jadwal Penerbangan ................................................................................ 41

Tabel 7. Data Fasilitas Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai ............................................. 52

Tabel 8. Data Fasilitas Terminal Internasional Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai ....... 53

Tabel 9. Data Fasilitas Terminal Domestik Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai ............. 53

Tabel 10. Program Culture-port Bandara Incheon Korea ..................................... 55

Tabel 11. Kesimpulan Perancangan ...................................................................... 57

Tabel 12. Program Ruang Penumpang Internasional ............................................ 72

Tabel 13. Program Ruang Penumpang Domestik ................................................. 74

Tabel 14. Program Ruang Penumpang Very Important Person (VIP) .................. 75

Tabel 15. Program Ruang Penumpang Comercial Important Person (CIP) ......... 75

Tabel 16. Program Ruang Terminal Kargo ........................................................... 76

Tabel 17. Program Ruang Pengelola Bandara ...................................................... 76

Tabel 18. Program Ruang Perusahaan Maskapai Penerbangan ............................ 77

Tabel 19. Program Ruang Servis .......................................................................... 77

Tabel 20. Program Ruang Parkir ........................................................................... 78

Tabel 21. Program Ruang Stasiun Kereta ............................................................. 78

Tabel 22. Program Ruang Terminal Bus............................................................... 79

xiii

ABSTRAK

Menyikapi perkembangan lalu lintas udara, dibutuhkan peningkatan

kapasitas pelayanan sarana prasarana transportasi udara dan

keterpaduan sistem transportasi antarmoda dan multimoda. Bandara

Adi Soemarmo terletak di Kecamatan Ngemplak, Boyolali, merupakan

bandara yang melayani kota Surakarta (Solo), Jawa Tengah yang

diopersikan PT (Persero) Angkasa Pura I. Diperkirakan pada tahun

2075 jumlah penumpang domestik sebesar 8.495.642 penumpang dan

485.311 penumpang internasional. Untuk mendukung perkembangan

Kota Solo, Bandara Adi Soemarmo perlu dipersiapkan untuk

pertumbuhan jumlah penumpang. Pelebaran terminal Bandara Adi

Soemarmo mengalami kendala pembebasan lahan, sehingga muncul

rencana relokasi bandara ke Desa Madu, Kecamatan Mojosongo,

Boyolali. Desain bandara yang terpadu dengan moda transportasi

publik lainnya, diharapkan dapat mempermudah dalam pendistribusian

penumpang, berkontribusi dalam mengurai kemacetan dan

pengembangan pariwisata di Surakarta dan sekitarnya. Desain bandara

baru mengusung konsep tourism, yaitu (1) konsep yang mengutamakan

kenyamanan penumpang maupun pengunjung, (2) memperkenalkan

budaya Indonesia, karena Kota Solo merupakan salah satu tujuan

wisata di Jawa Tengah. Bandara baru dirancang terintegrasi dengan

kereta, bus, dan moda transportasi lain. Untuk memperkenalkan

budaya Indonesia, bandara dilengkapi museum kebudayaan yang

memamerkan kesenian, kuliner, souvenir khas Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Bandara, Adi Soemarmo, Terpadu, Tourism, Relokasi.

Abstract

In response to the development of air traffic, it is necessary to increase

the capacity of air transport infrastructure and integration of interfaces

and multimodies transportation system. Adi Soemarmo is locates in

Ngemplak, Boyolali, an airport serving Solo (Surakarta), Central Java

which is operated by PT (Persero) Angkasa Pura I. It is estimated that

by 2075 the number of domestic passengers will be 8,495,642

passengers and 485,311 international passengers. To support the

development of Solo City, Adi Soemarmo Airport needs to be prepared

for the growth of the number of passengers. The widening of Adi

Soemarmo Airport terminal is experiencing land acquisition

constraints, so the relocation of the airport to Madu Village,

Mojosongo Sub-District, Boyolali, was accouring. The integrated

airport design with other public transportation modes, is expected to

xiv

facilitate the distribution of passengers, contribute in decomposing

congestiton and tourism development in Surakarta and surrounding

area. The design of the new airport brings the concept of tourism,

namely (1) the concept that prioritizes the comfort of passengers and

visitors, (2) introducing Indonesian culture, because Solo is one of the

tourist destination. To introduce Indonesian culture, the airport is

designed to be integrated with trains, buses and other modes of

transportation. To introduce Indonesian culture, the airport is equipped

with a cultural museum that showcases the art, culinary, souvenirs

typical of Indonesia.

Keywords: Airport, Adi Soemarmo, Integrated, Tourism, Relocation.