Structure 2 – Spring 2015

8T H CLASS: APRIL 19, 2015

MODUL 10-12: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES I, II & III

MEILIZA FITRIMEILIZA.FITRI@YMAIL.COM

Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan

Class 7 : Adverbial Clauses I & IIAdverbial clauses adalah anak kalimat.

Adverbial clauses yang akan dibahas adalah:

1. Adverbial clauses of time : anak kalimat dgn kata penghubung yang menunjukkan waktu

2. Adverbial clauses of place : anak kalimat dgn kata penghubung yang menunjukkan tempat

3. Adverbial clauses of result : anak kalimat dgn kata penghubung yang menyatakan akibat

4. Adverbial clauses of purpose : anak kalimat dgn kata penghubung yang menyatakan tujuan

5. Adverbial clauses of contrast : anak kalimat dgn kata penghubung yang memperlihatkan pertentangan

6. Adverbial clauses of cause : anak kalimat dgn kata penghubung yang menyatakan sebab

Learning Activity 1

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME

Adverbial clauses of timeConjunction Meaning Sentence

When Ketika The children were studying when I arrived

After Setelah After she graduates, she will find a job

Before Sebelum Lock the door before you go to bed

While Saat / ketika While he was walking home, he saw an accident

By the time Pada saat By the time he arrives, she had already left

Since Sejak Since father come, Doni always stays with him

Until Sampai I will be waiting until you finished your job

As soon as Secepatnya setelah I will go as soon as I wrap this package

Once Secepatnya setelah Once she makes up her mind, she never changes it

As long as Selama You may keep the book as long as you need it

Every time Setiap kali Every time I met her, I remember my mom

The first time Saat pertama kali The first time I saw her, she was very beautiful

The next time Pada kesempatan berikutnya

The next time I meet her, I will tell her that she is beautiful

Perhatikan table di halaman 10.6 & 10.7!

Reduction of adverbial clauses to modifying phrases

Mempersingkat adverbial clause menjadi modifying phrases.

1. Menghilangkan subjek dan kata kerja bentuk be dari dependent clause

2. Jika tidak ada kata kerja ‘be’, maka

Adverbial clause Modifying Phrases

While I was walking to the office, I saw a car accident.

While walking to the office, I saw a car accident.

Adverbial clause Modifying Phrases

Before I came to the class, I had a cup of coffee.

Before coming to the class, I had a cup of coffee.

Learning point:1. Modifying phrases dapat dikerjakan jika independent dan dependent

clause memiliki subjek yang sama. 2. Kata while pada modifying phrases dapat dihilangkan saat menyatakan

kejadian yang terjadi pada waktu yang bersamaan. Ex: Walking to the office, I saw a car accident.

Learning Activity 2

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PLACE

Adverbial clauses of placeConjunction Meaning SentencesWhere Di mana / pada

tempatShe lives where here sister used to live.Moss grows where there is shade

Wherever Di mana saja/ ke mana saja

Wherever you go, you will find difficultiesYou can sit wherever you like

Everywhere Di mana-mana I’ve looked for it everywhere (that) I know, but I cant find it

Anywhere Di mana pun We will go anywhere you like

Any place Di tempat mana pun I’ll go to any place (that) you suggest

Every place Di semua tempat You can go to every place you want

Learning Point!Modifying phrases dapat dihasilkan dengan menghilangkan Subjek dan bentuk be tanpa mengubah arti kalimat

Adverbial clause Modifying Phrases

Repairs will be made wherever they are necessary.

Repairs will be made wherever necessary.

Learning Activity 3

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT

Adverbial Clauses of ResultConjunction Example

So …. That• So + adjective/adverb + that

The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.

Such (a/an) …. + that• such a + singular countable noun• such + plural countable noun• such + non countable noun

This is such an ugly chair that I am going to give it away. This is such delicious food that I want to eat more.

So that … They studied diligently so that they won the prize.

Adverbial clause of result. Sinta did not study well so that she failed the final exam.

Adverbial clause of cause Sinta failed the exam because she did not study well.

Transitions :Therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result.

Sinta didn’t study well. Therefore, she failed the exam. Sinta didn’t study well; consequently, she failed the exam. Sinta didn’t study well. She, therefore, failed the exam.

Perhatikan perbedaan antara adverbial clause of result dan cause!

Learning Point!Transition dapat diletakkan di awal, tengah, atau pun akhir dari adverbial clause

Learning Activity 4

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

Adverbial Clauses of Purpose

Conjunction Meaning Sentences

In order that Agar I turned of the TV in order that my roommate could study

In order to Agar I turned of the TV in order to enable my roommate to study

In hope that Dgn harapan agar

They are working hard in the hope that they can finish on time

For the purpose that

Agar He is saving money for the purpose that he can go to college

So (informal) Sehingga He sat in front row so he heard all of the lecture

So that Sehingga He sat in front row so that he heard all of the lecture

Learning point!1. In order that diikuti klausa; In order to diikuti invinitive2. Urutan tenses dalam purpose clause harus sama.

• Main clause (present), dependent clause (present);Main clause (past), dependent clause (past).

3. Perbedaan “So that” ! • So that pada adverbial clause of purpose diikuti oleh auxiliary

• I wanted a college education so that I might get a good job• So that pada adverbial clause of result tidak diikuti oleh auxiliary

• I wanted a college education so that I enrolled at the university.

Adverbial Clauses of Purpose

Prepositional phrase ‘for’ dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan ‘tujuan’. Contohnya:◦ They went to the railway station early for the purpose of buying the

train tickets. ◦ They went to the railway station early for the train tickets.

Adverbial clause pada awal kalimat digunakan untuk menekankan maksud tertentu dan untuk tujuan negatif. Conjunction yang biasa digunakan: In order that dan for fear that. ◦ In order that he might learn English, Mr. X decided to take the expensive

english class.◦ For fear that any of the children might get lost, the parents decided to

let them stay in the car

Learning Activity 5

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONTRAST

Adverbial Clauses of Contrast

Adverbial Clauses of Contrast

Concessive ClausesMengungkapkan akibat yg

tidak diharapkan yg diungkapkan pada main

clauses

Adversative ClausesMemperlihatkan

pertentangan yang jelas antara 2 klausa

Concessive ClausesConjunction Example

Even though / although / though Even though I felt very tired, I tried to finish my work.

Despite/ in spite of – the fact that Despite the fact that prices went down recently, the company made a huge profit.

Regardless of/ notwithstanding – the fact that

The company made a huge profit notwithstanding the fact that prices went down.

Learning point!1. Despite, in spite of, regardless of dan notwithstanding merupakan adverbial clauses

HANYA apabila kata tersebut ditambah dengan the fact that2. Abridgment (penyingkatan) dapat dilakukan dengan menghilangkan subjek dan bentuk

be. Example:• Although he is working for long hours, he manages to find time to play.• Although working for long hours, he manages to find time to play.

Adversative ClausesConjunctions Sentences

Whereas Some people delight in doing goods, whereas other takes pleasure in doing evil

While Some people delight in doing goods, while other takes pleasure in doing evil

Where Some people delight in doing goods, where other takes pleasure in doing evil

Learning point!1. Tanda koma (,) tetap digunakan walaupun adverbial clause berada setelah main clause.

Learning Activity 6

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CAUSE

Adverbial Clauses of CauseConjunction Sentences

Because He couldn’t come because he was ill

Since Since he was ill, he couldn’t come

As He couldn’t come as he was ill

Now that Now that he has passed the exam, he can get his degree

Inasmuch as Inasmuch as no one was hurt, the judge gave him light sentence

As long as As long as it is raining, I wont come outside

Learning point!1. Since dan as memiliki pengertian yang sama dengan because, sementara now that

berarti because now.2. Perbedaan dari adverbial clauses of cause dan adverbial clauses of result terletak pada

conjunction yg digunakan. Keduanya meng-ekspresikan hubungan sebab-akibat, akan tetapi clauses of cause menujukkan sebab dan clauses of result menunjukkan akibat.• Clauses of Cause

Because she sang so beautifully, she won the festival• Clauses of Result

She sang so beautifully that she won the festival