strategi tindak tutur ilokusi pada penderita afasia...

STRATEGI TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI

PADA PENDERITA AFASIA BROCA: STUDI PSIKO-PRAGMATIK

SKRIPSI

diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana

Sastra

oleh

Annisa Karima

NIM 1505282

PROGRAM STUDI BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA

FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2019

STRATEGI TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI

PADA PENDERITA AFASIA BROCA: STUDI PSIKO-PRAGMATIK

oleh

Annisa Karima

NIM 1505282

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Sastra pada Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra

© Annisa Karima 2019

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Agustus 2019

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhya atau sebagian, dengan dicetak

ulang, difoto kopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa ijin dari penulis.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tuturan yang terdapat pada penderita afasia

Broca dengan menggunakan kajian psikolinguistik dan kajian pragmatik. Penelitian

ini menggunakan kerangka analisis tindak tutur (speech act), yang difokuskan pada

strategi tindak tutur ilokusi berdasarkan verba performatifnya seperti asertif,

direktif, komisif, ekspresif. Ada pun strategi tindak tutur ilokusi berdasarkan

tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung, seperti menyatakan, meminta, dan

memerintah. Peneliti pun mendeskripsikan validitas tuturan yang terdapat pada

penderita afasia Broca berdasarkan empat syarat tuturan performatif seperti,

kesungguhan penutur, keyakinan penutur, prediksi penutur, dan penutur melakukan

tindakan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik catat,

rekam, dan dokumentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu (1) memperoleh deskripsi

strategi tindak tutur ilokusi berdasarkan verba performatif pada penderita afasia

Broca; (2) memperoleh deskripsi strategi tindak tutur ilokusi berdasarkan tuturan

langsung dan tidak langsung pada penderita afasia Broca; dan (3) memperoleh

deskripsi tingkat validitas tuturan berdasarkan tuturan performatif yang

disampaikan penderita afasia Broca. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat 48 korpus tuturan

penderita afasia Broca yang dianalisis menjadi 198 data. Terdapat tuturan asertif

sejumlah 47% dengan pola menyatakan yang merupakan tuturan paling banyak

digunakan penderita, lalu diikuti dengan tuturan kedua yang paling banyak

digunakan yaitu direktif dengan pola meminta sejumlah 12,4%. Sementara itu, data

yang ditemukan dalam tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung, peneliti masih

menemukan pola menyatakan yang paling banyak dituturkan pada penderita afasia

Broca sejumlah 74%. Pada tuturan tidak langsung, pola meminta cenderung paling

banyak digunakan penderita dengan jumlah 8,6%. Selanjutnya pada validitas

tuturan performatif pada penderita afasia Broca terdapat 48 korpus cenderung

ternilai valid (79%). Pada simpulan keseluruhan dapat dikatakan bahwa selain

ungkapan menyatakan yang cenderung digunakan pada strategi tuturan penderita

afasia Broca, terdapat pula tuturan berupa permintaan sebagaimana penderita afasia

Broca tidak begitu percaya diri akan tuturannya sendiri, sehingga meminta peneliti

untuk meyakinkan bahwa apa yang dikatakannya sudah benar ataupun salah dalam

bentuk tuturan langsung maupun tidak langsung.

Kata kunci: afasia Broca, tindak tutur, pragmatik, psikolinguistik

i

ABSTRACT

This research investigated how Broca's aphasic do a speech act strategy using

illocutionary acts including assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and

declarative performative verbs. Besides, this research was conducted utilizing

direct and indirect speeches such as representing a state of affairs and addressing

to do something, and also to measuring the felicity conditions whether it has been

valid or in valid of any speech act that was in the Broca's aphasic by using

qualitative descriptive methods and purposive sampling to investigateand obtain

the data. The aim of this research was to describe how the patterns of Broca's

aphasic do illocutionary acts based on performative verbs and direct-indicative

speeches, and to describe the level of felicity conditions of Broca's aphasics using

five conditions specified. There are 48 corpuses found in this research with some

discoveries like how assertive-directive acts have each own function; 1) assertive

to represent a state of affairs; and 2) directive to address to do something in Broca's

aphasic. Additionally, the felicity conditions of Broca's aphasic results described

how the speech act was valid with 79% dominantly measurement. Meanwhile, in

the result of direct and indirect speech described that was still dominated at stating

which has 74% at Broca's aphasic. Nonetheless, the directive or asking function

was discovered as the second most findings in this study for each purpose and

strategies. Thus, the final conclusion of this research was, except the assertive and

stating acts were dominated, but the directive and asking acts were also

appertaining on how the speech act of Broca's aphasic had been done the most.

Interestingly, the result of invalid speech was dominated at the conditions of

"speaker confidence" among three other conditions which could describe how

Broca's aphasic gaining lack of confidence to utter something since the Broca's

aphasic was used to ask and direct to do something in the form of asking to the

researcher to convince the Broca's aphasic whether the speech they had delivered

was true or false in the form of either direct and indirect speech.

Keywrods: Broca’s aphasia, speech act, pragmatics, psycholinguistics

i

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PEGESAHAN................................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN .....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

ABSTRAK .............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

ABSTRACT .............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR ISI ..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB I Pendahuluan................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian.............................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3 Masalah Pokok dan Pertanyaan Penelitian ...Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5.1 Manfaat Teoretis ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5.2 Manfaat Praktis ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.6 Sistematika Laporan Penelitian ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.7 Definisi Operasional .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORITIS ................ Error!

Bookmark not defined.

2.1 Landasan Teoretis .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.1 Psikolinguistik .......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.3 Pragmatik ...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.3.2 Jenis-Jenis Tindak Tutur .....................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2 Tinjauan Pustaka .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.........................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1 Desain Penelitian ..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2 Data dan Sumber Data ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.1 Data ........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.2 Sumber Data ..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...........................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.1 Observasi ...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.2 Wawancara.............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.3 Dokumentasi ..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4 Teknik Analisis Data ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.1 Reduksi Data ..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.2 Penyajian Data .......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB IV DESKRIPSI DATA, TEMUAN, DAN PEMBAHASAN ............... Error!


4.1 Deskripsi Data ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Keterangan:.........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 Temuan Penelitian ........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2.1 Pola Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Berdasarkan Verba Performatif ........... Error!


4.2.2 Tipe Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Berdasarkan Tuturan Langsung dan Tidak

Langsung .........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2.3 Validitas tuturan performatif dalam tindak tutur penderita afasia Broca

........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3 Pembahasan ..................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.1 Strategi Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Berdasarkan Verba Performatif pada

Penderita Afasia Broca ...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.2 Strategi Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Berdasarkan Tuturan Langsung dan Tidak

Langsung pada Penderita Afasia Broca ..........Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.3 Validitas Tuturan Performatif pada Penderita Afasia Broca ......... Error!


BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI ..... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

5.1 Simpulan .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 Implikasi .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3 Rekomendasi ................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

LAMPIRAN ...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 1. Surat Keputusan Pengesahan Judul dan Penunjukkan Dosen

Pembimbing Skripsi ...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 2. Transkrip Wawancara ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 3. Rekam Medis Subjek Penelitian ....Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran 4. Tabel Temuan Data ........................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1) Tindak Tutur Asertif ...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2) Tindak Tutur Direktif .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3) Tindak Tutur Ekspresif ...............................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5) Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Berdasarkan Verba Performatif Berdasarkan Tema-

Rema ...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

6) Tindak Tutur Langsung ..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.

7) Tindak Tutur Tidak Langsung ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.

8) Validitas Tuturan ........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

BIODATA SUBJEK PENELITIAN ..................Error! Bookmark not defined.

BIODATA PENULIS .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

i

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Korpus Tuturan Penderita Afasia Broca ......Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel Rekapitulasi Tipe Tindak Tutur pada Penderita Afasia .............................. 87

Tabel Rekapitulasi Jenis Tindak Tutur pada Penderita Afasia Berdasarkan Tuturan

Langsung dan Tidak Langsung .................................................................... 100

Tabel validitas tuturan performatif dalam tindak tutur penderita afasia Broca data

MW/01/17 .................................................................................................... 102


MW/06/17 .................................................................................................... 104


MW/09/17 .................................................................................................... 106

Tabel validitas tuturan performatif dalam tindak tutur penderita afasia Broca Data

MW/11/17 .................................................................................................... 108


MW13/17 ..................................................................................................... 109


MW/15/17 .................................................................................................... 111


MW/21/17 .................................................................................................... 113


MW/24/17 .................................................................................................... 116


MW/27/17 .................................................................................................... 118


MW/28/17 .................................................................................................... 120


MW/27/17 .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.



Tabel validitas tuturan performatif dalam tindak tutur penderita afasia Broca

Data/34/17 .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.











Tabel Rekapitulasi Validitas Tuturan Performatif pada Penderita Afasia ..... Error!


Annisa Karima, 2019

STRATEGI TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI PADA PENDERITA AFASIA BROCA: STUDI

PSIKO-PRAGMATIK

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

i

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