B K J IA A P V M B IH M H B O C B O E O îK Æ E H H E H E X O C J IO B A K H H

(1 9 4 4 — 1945 r r . )

HMKOJ1AE MAKMP

H au H on a jib H oc a im i(})au in cT C K oe BOCCTaHiie p yM b m cK oro n a p o a a b aB rycTe 1944 ro A a , o p ra w -n o B a m io e h pyK0B0flH M 0e PyM W HCKoii K OMMy h h cth h cck o h ITap - n ie ii, oTK pbu io HOByKJ a n o x y b >k h 3hh H au iero i;apo,aa h napajni30Ba.no b c k )

ooop oH H yio C H d eM y n iTJ iepoB iieB Ha B a jiK anax , 3HaHHTejibHo o c jia6n B b o c h h o - 3KOHOMHMecKHH noTeHiinaji repMaHHH.

HpHCOe/(HII5i5;Cb K aHTH(|)ailIHCTCKOH KOajIHIIHH, BCH pyMbIHCKasI apM IIfl, p « -

aOM C COBeTCKHMH BOHCKaMH, nOCJie nOJIHOrO OCBOÔOHCfleHHH HailHOHajTbHOH Tep- pHTopiiH ( 2 5 - r o OKTflGpa 1 9 4 4 r.), aKTHBHO ynacTBOBajia b ocBoG oayjeH H H BcurpiinI HeXOCJIOBaKHH1 AO 6 c 3 0 rOBOpOHHOH KanHTyjIHIiHH rHTJiepOBCKOH repM aH H H , BFICCÎI ipH 3 t o m cb o h BKJiaa b ycicopeH H e OKOHnaHHH BOHHbi b EB pone.

MexocjioBauKKH napo/i, 3axBaHeHHbiü b 1939. r, ne ckjioiihjtch nepc;i (})aiuncr- :k h m paôcTBOM. Oh BoeBaji c bhhtobkoh b pyKax, nocToaHHo H3HypflH h caôoTHpya laXBaTHHHKOB2. BMeCTe C TCXOCJlOBaUKHMH HapTH3aHaMH BOeBaJIH H pyMbIHbl3. l o c j i e Toro i<aK re p M a H n a H anana Ha CCCP, Ha TeppHToproi n o c jie flH e ro H a iH - ia ioT c[)°pM H poBaTbca lexoc jiO B aipeH e n a c ra . 12 -ro OKTaSpn 1943 r . nepBaa iexocjiOBauKaa 6pHra.ua iioa KOMaHAOBaHHeM JIioflBHKa CboSoah ynacTBOBajia b

1 I Py.UbincKa.H ap.\tuH e 3anadnoü KdMnamu (23 aez. 1944 — 9 ¿tan 1945), Apa/i, 1945 r., I o j i k o b h h k K y n u i a H. h fl p y r h c: Bkaoô PyMunuu s anmueumjiepoecKyio eoftiiy, Boch- ioeH3fl, Byx., 1958 r.; PyMbinufi e aitmueumjepoecKoït eoüne (23 aee. 1944—9 Max 1945), Boeimoe Ril., Byx., 1966 r.; J I o t mh SI., Eoeebte deücmsuH pyMbincKoü apMuu Mc.itcây Humpoü u Boxom, Î03HHoe H3Æ, Eyx., 1958 r.; PyMUHCKan apMUH e anmueumjiepoecKoü eoüne, HoJin™«iecKoe ma.., >yx. 1965 r.; BK.iaà Pyxtbniuu e nooedy nad rio.niiHHecKoe M3H., Byx., 1965 r.; M . I l o -■ ecKy n y u y p !>, T. 3 a x a p n « h a.P y r u e, La Roumanie pendant la deuxième guerre mondi­ale, Byx., 1954 r.; H. ^ a k a p, Boennoe ynacmue Pyubmuu e ocsooomàenuu uexoc.iosauKozo apoda(d2K. 194-1- — na'i 1945), b «PoMaHocnaBwca», V III, Byx., 1963 r.; h t. a.

2 C m . noApoSaoiTH, IJîHTp. uct. apx., Mer. apx. Byx., (}>oha MumicTepcTBa HHtjiopMauHM,■ 2 (1939), T. 8 (1941).

3 H h k h t a n., A a P h a h T., ffannbis, icacaioufuecM ynaemun neKomopbix pyMvmcKUX ampuomos e ôopbôe npomtts <fiauiu3.ua e napmiaaucKux ompndax CCCP, VexocjioeaKuu u <t>pamiuu, «Hct. jieTonacH U.K. PKfl», JNs 6/1965 r.

462 H h k ô j ia e HAKMÍ» 2

ô o k »1. 6 -ro OKTaôpa 1944 r., cobctckhc h HexocjiOBamcHe BoiiCKa no,a KOMaH^o- BaHHeM M ap iu a jia K oH eB a npopBajiH c ceBepo-BOCTOKa TecHHHy ÆyKjia h nepem m i rocy^apcTBeHHyK) rpaHHuy H exoc jioB au K oñ P ecn yô jiH K H 2.

K KOHuy 1944 r., cobctckhc h pyMbiHCKHe Boñcica cocTaBiiBWHe npaBoe Kpbijio 2-ro yKpaHHCKoro <J)poHTa, BCTynmiM Ha TeppHTopHio HexocjioBaicHH c iora3. He- CMOTpH Ha to , hto TepiuaHHa noHecjia ôojibiuHe noTepn, b 1944 roay cwa eme HMejia 3HaMHTejibHbie BoeHHbie CHJibi h pecypcbi. Æjia oKOHHaTejibHoro pa3rpoMa rHTjiepH3Ma Tpe6oBajiocb orpoMHoe CKonjienne chji.

^ jih T o ro HTOôbi noHHTb Ba>KHOCTb ynacTKa, Ha KOTOpOM BOeBajlH pyMblH- CKHe BoñcKa, H yacH ocaejiaTb neKOTopbie yTOHHeHHH, K acarom neca oôcTaHOBKH Bcero 4>poHTa. B nepBbie a h h HHBapa 1945 r o ^ a , rHTJiepoBCKHii (jjpoHT npe/iCTaBjia.i é o j ib iu o f i BbicTyn b b o c to m h o îî nacTH M exocjioBaKH H , b pyMbiHCKHX onepaTHBHbix ÆOKyMeHTax Ha3BaHHbiít «cjioBauKHÎi B bicTyn»4. C o b c tc k h h (J)poHT Mea<Æy Baji- THÍÍCKHM h AApHaTHHecKHM MopeM ôbiji « . . . pa3.ge.JieH na^Boe ropH oii oôjiacTbJo, ueHTp KOTopoH cocT aB jifljia CHCTeMa ro p M a jib ie T a r p u — Eojib iune T a r p b i » H M ea (JiopMy ^yKa, BbirHyToro Ha b o c t o k , s t o t BbicTyn c ceBepa ynHpajica b peicy H e ftce , a c io ra — b h h * h h k > TpoHy. BHyTpH H 3rn6a Haxo.nn.nncb MHoroHHCJieH- Hbie MaccHBbi h ropHbie uenn, KOTopbie eM y oôecnenHBajiH ôo jib iu y io ecTecTBeii- Hyio CHJiy. 3 t o t CHjibHO (J)opTH(J)HLiHpoBaHHbiH ynacTOK oôecn e iiHBaji /uiHTejibHoe conpoTHBJieHHe, M ernaa nepe^B H xeH H io c o b c tc k h x bo h c k Ha f lp y rn x ynacTicax6.

B H anajie 1945 ro a a 4>ai±iHCTCKHe rjiaB apw CTapajiHCb npoÆriHTb BofÎHy ynop- HbiM conpoTHBJieHHeM Ha B0CT0Ke, HaAeHCb Ha t o , h to , BbiHrpaB BpeMa, yziacTca

cnpoBOunpoBaTb pacHjieHeHHe aHTHrHTjiepoBCKOH KoajiHUHH7. /IpyroH npHHHHoii COnpOTMBJieHHH Ha 3T0M yHaCTKe 6bIJ10 TO, HTO BoreM HH CHHTajiaCb OAHOÍÍ H3 CaMblX ôoraTb ix o 6 jia c T e íí h caMbix nojie3Hbix a j is b och h oh sk oh om h h r epMaHHH. Eo- reM H K ) H H K oraa He 6oM 6ap.anpoBa.nH, a M om H bie 3aB0Æbi IÜKOÆa n p 0 H3B0 flHJiH

2 2 % aBTOMaujHH P e n x a h ôonb iuy io nacTb opy/iníí. M em cK oe npoH3BoacTBo TaH-

k o b h MHoroHHCJieHHbie 3aB0flbi CTpe^KOBoro opyacH», ôoenpnnacoB h onTHnecKiix npnôopoB npeB pam ajiH E oreM H io b m oiuhm h apceHaji (¡¡auiHCTCKoñ r epMaHHH8.

ÆeHCTBHH pyMbiHCKHX BOHCK Ha HeXOCJIOBaiJKOH TeppHTOpHH BKJIK)HaK)T He- CKOJlbKO STanOB, CB5I3aHHbIX C 6ojIbLLIHMH CTpaTeTHHeCKHMH OIiepaUHHMH, B KOTO- p b ix ynacTBOBan npaB b iii ([jjiaH r 2 - r o y KpaHHCKoro (J)poHTa.

riepBbiH 3Tan BKjiioH aji 6 o h , npoBe/ieHHbie pyM biHCKoii apM H eii b 30He lo ro - b octoh h oh rpaH H iib i MexocjioBaKHH, b onepauH H «E y a a n e i i iT » h /uihjich no 12-ro AHBapa 1945 r.

B t o p o h 3Tan BiunoHaji ynacTH e pyMbiHCKoii apMHH b 3hm hcm HacTyruieHHH

1945 r . (n e p H o a 12 HHBapsi — 25 M apTa 1945).

1 JJoKyMenmbi u Mamepuajibi. CosemcKO-uexocAoeaifKiie om noiuem in e nepuod 1941 — 1945¿í.,

MocKBa, 1960, ziok. 62, CTp. 116.

2 Tom 3ice, flOK. 108, CTp. 202.

3 PyMbiHUH e anmuzum.iepo8CKoCt eoüne, CTp. 364.

4 J l O T H H JL, Yuacm ue pyMblHCKUX eoücK . . CTp. 9.

6 y^acm ue PyMbimu . . ., CTp. 424.

6 4 a K H p H ., Boennoe y m cm u e . . ., CTp. 366.

7 PyMbiHUH 8 aum tzum.ieposcKoü aoüne . . CTp. 366.

8 K a c c h h JI. M., H istoire m ilita ire de la seconde guerre mondiale, éd. Payot, Paris, 1951, CTp. 415; cm. h PyMbiHUH 8 ait'n.teum.ieposcKoü eoiiHe, ctp. 366.

3 BKJIAA PyM blHM H B OCBOEOXflEHHE MEXOCJIOBAKMH 463

T p e ra i i 3Tan BKjnoHaji ynacrne pyMbiHCKOH apMHH b onepaim ax b (})HHajib- HOM nepHo/ie aHTHrHTjiepoBCKoft bohhm , achctbhh KOTopbix 6 biJin BnHcaHbi b one- paijHH «B e H a » h « r i p a r a » 1.

18- r o aeK aôpa 1944 r., BoMcKa 4 -o ii pyMbiHCKOH apMHH nepeiujiH Ha TeppH- rop m o MexocjioBaKHH, HacTynaa mnpoKHM (JjpoHTOM, a b HHBape 1945 r. h BoiicKa 1 -oh pyMbiHCKOH apMHH. PyMbiHCKue 6oücKa na meppumopuu WexocAoeaKuu iia- cuumbieaAu 248.430 nejioeen, b cocTaße 16 nexor nbix h KaBajiepniicKHX flHBH3HH, I B03^yu iH oro Kopnyca h A pyrn x HacTeii h coeflHneHHH2.

/leñcTBHe PyMbiHHH ôbuio oueHeno KaK BecbMa 3HaHHTejibHoe b ycmiHH OôieflHHeHHbix HauHü AJia aocth jkchhh noôeflbi b E ßpone3.

PyMbiHCKHe BOHCKa n p o p B a jiH C b b 6 o e B o e p a c n o jio a c e u H e npoTHBHHKa H a rjiy - ÔHHy 400 k m , (j)opcHpoBajiH 4 ôojTbiiiHe peKH (X p o H , HwTpa, B ax h M o paB a ), npouiJiH c 6 o e M 10 ropHbix M a ccH B O B , ocboôoæ hjih 1722 HacejieHHbix nyHKTa, H3 KOTopbix 31 ropo ,aa h 86 BawHbix HacejienHbix nyHKTOB4. O h h HaHecjin npoTHB- HHKy ôojibiuHe noTepH, 3axBaTHB b njieH 20.478 nejioBeK h ôojibu joe kojihhcctbo ÖOeBOii TeXHHKH.

H 3-3a HeôJiaronpHHTHbix ycjiOBHH, 6 oh, npoBeaeHHbie Ha TeppHTopHH M exo- CJIOBaKHH HMejIH ynopHblH H CJlO/KHblii XapaKTep. 143 XÍOKyMCHTOB 1-OÍÍ pyMbiHCKOH apMHH BbiTeKaeT, h to b ôojibuiHHCTBe cjiynaeB n o ro ^ a ôbuia neôJiaronpHaTHa HJia BoeHHbix onepauHÍi (aoaiÆH, MeTejib, AO>KÆb co CHeroM, Sojibu ioñ CHeronaÆ M3 138 AHeñ, 124 öm jih a h h aTaK, Kor.ua Bejincb 6 oh ;iiicm h Honbio. V 'nopiioe

COnpOTHBJieHHe npOTHBHHKa BbI3bIBajlO yCHJieHHbie fleÎÎCTBHH, B KOTOpblX cocpe- HOTOHHBajlOCb G ojlb iuoe KOJIHHeCTBO CpeACTB ÆJ1H 0 6 p a30BaHHH HeoÔXOAHMOrO

iipopbiBa, BCjieACTBHe nero mw noHecjiH 6 o;ibiHHe noTepa5.

TaKHM 0 6 p a30M, pyMbiHCKaa apMHH « . . . nojiynaeT 3aflaHHe nacTynaTb b ro p -

HOH oôjiacTH. M oBjiaaeBaeT xpeG er 3a xpeÔTOM h boæhmmh npcrpaaaM H oan a

3a ap yroH , bm hah na paccTOHHHe 40 kh jiom ctpob o t r. IT p a rn »6.

HecM OTpa Ha t o , h to pyMbiHCKHe BOÎicKa npoxoflm iH no TeppMTopwH ^ e x o -

cjioBaKHH, iiMea ôoraTbiii 6 oeBoii onbiT, nojiyHeHHbiii b npoBeAeHHbix paHee

6oax, nomepu 6bi/iu onenb ôoAbiuue: 66.495 ueAoeeK, cebiuie 25% ecezo cocmaea7.

FnaBHOH npHHHHoii 3THX öojibuiHX noTepb 6biJio ynopHoe b conpoTH JieHHe

npoTHBHHKa, KOTopoMy noM orajiH ropHan h jiecHan MecTHOCTb h npoH3-

BefleHHoe CBoeBpeMeHHO cnjiouiHoe yKpenjieHHe m ccthocth . CnpaBe/uiHBO yTOH-

HaeTca b oahom H3 ÆOKyMeHTOB, h to : «pyMbiHCKaa KpoBb y^oópaeT ocbo6 o>k-

aeHHbie nojiH MexocjioBaKHH» 8.

1 PyMbiHUH e aHmuzum.iepoecKoü eoïme, CTp. 366 — 367.

2 A p x H B M B C (rill), a e j io 732 / 1, j i . 47.

3 Ueirrp. h c t . apx., KopoJieBCKHH aom, aeno 22 / 1945, ji. 16.

4 A p xH B M B C (rill), Â e jio 732 / 1, j i . 4 7 —48.

5 Tüm Mce, ji. 4 7 —48; cm . h f le j io 1 / 28, 3 / 20, 315 / 261.

6 PyMbiHUH e a u m m u m A ep o scK o ü eoü ite , CTp. 367.

7 IJeHTp. h c t . apx., 4>OHfl KopoJieBCKHft flOM, f le n o 22 / 1945 t . , ji. 15.

8 PyMbiHUH e aiimuzum.iepoacRoü aoùtie, CTp. 465; cm. h A p xH B M BC, j ic j io 1 / 191, 1 / 28,

3 / 168, 732 / 1 h t . h .; cm . h K v ë t a K o r á l x o v á , K iesKoslovensKO-rumunsKÿm vz ta h ù m v letech 1944 — 1945, « S lo v a n s k ÿ p r e h le d » , N> 6 / 1966, CTp. 339.

464 HMKOJÌAE MAKMP 4

K KOHuy BOHHbi, t . e. B 1945 ro,ny, HaxoaHJincb uà TeppitTopH H MexocjiOBaKHH

pyMbiiicKue eoiicKa e cocmaee 181.935 ue/toeeK2.PyMbiHCKHC BoiicKa noxwep'yKHBajiH b pa3Hbix (joopM ax M exccjiJBauKoe Hace-

jie iiH e , OKa3biBajiH n o M o m b iia c e jien n io TpaHcnopTHbiM H cpe/icTBaMH h ropiOHHM,

MeaHUHHCKHMH KOIICyjIbTaUHHMH, npO flyKTaM H, /UlBajlM JIIOfleH yjJIH CejIbCK0X035IH-

CTBeniibix p a ö o T h t .a - , ß o o 6 m e ApyacecTBenHO OTHOCHJiHCb k MecTHOM y Ha-

cejieH H io. M H oroM ucjieH H bie AOKyMeHTbi, B b iA am iu e m ccth m m h h jih ueHTpajibiib iM H

HeXOCJIOBaUKHMH BJiaCTHMH HJIH HaCTHbIMH JIHH3MH Ha CjIOBaUKOM H HeiHCKOM

A3biKax h xpaHHiHHeca b iia iu n x apxH Bax, CBH^eTejibCTByior o 6 3 to m 3. O rp a -

hhhhmch TOJibKO necKOJibKHMH npHMepaMii : BJiacTH c e jia C T a p a -T y p a nH-

cajiH, m io « . . . pyMbiHCKaa aprane Bejia ccGsi 6e3yK 0pH 3H eiiH 0»4, a BJiacTH cejia

C K jie im e-T en jiH K a , mio « . . . n o oTHomeiiHto k jkhtcjihm ohh Bejín ce6a x o p o m o »5.

B jia cT ii c e jia PaTHCKOBHX nucajiH , h to « 9 KaBajiepHHCKaa æhbtohh 4 -r o ap-

M e ìicK o ro K op n yca Bejia ceóa 6e3yK0pH3HeHH0», » ito e/um ci bchmo, h to 6 u jio He-

npiiíiT iio 3T0 t o , h to >KHTejiM ne M orjiH AoroBopHTbca c cojiaaTaMH, MTo6bi n o ò jia ro -

ZiapHTb h x 3a ripoJ iB jten iiy io xpaöpocTb6. M ecTH b ie o p ran b i BJiacTH H acejieH H oro

nynKia K oM H ii-B p y iiH yKa3biBajin, h to « . . . pyMbiHCKiie cojiAaTbi bcjih c e ó a onenb

Apy>i<ecTBCiuio h mm 6yaeM HMeTb o hhx caMbie x o p o u in e BcnoMnnaiina. M b i hx

ÔJiaroAapHM m ocrancMcsi caMbiMH jiy-n iiHviH ;ipy3i>;iMH7. B i o po/ie B3eHCKe, n o

c j iy iia io npa3nnoBanna 1 M asi 1945r., M ecTHbie BJiacTH as jih c jie a y io m y io oneiiKy:

« . . . floß jiecTHaa pyMbiHCKaa apMHa, npojiHBinaa KpoBb OTBaaaibix cbohx c o j w t ,

Bnucaiia iiaB cnuo b 3 0 ji0 T y i0 KHHry H arnero Hapo.ua. f p a c a n e s to t o ropo/ia

m iK or/ ia ne 3a6y/iyT, h to 6bijiH o c B o 6 o * f le n b i o t iianHCTCKoro n ra pyMbiHCKoii

repoH H ecK o ìi a p M H e ñ »8. B t o BpeMH H auH onajibH b iH KOMMynajibHbiii coBeT

CTOKaKX ÒJiaroAapHJi K O M aiu ionaim e 1 -oh apM H ii: «3 a noflapKH h n o M o m b , koto -

pb ie s t o icoMaH/iOBaHiie oK a3a jio 6 e;iH 0M y neiucKOMy Hacejieurao, nocipa/jaB ineM y

B BOHHe» 9. r io HenOJlHblM AaHHblM B MeXOC.TOBaKHH TOJIbKO ] - a il pyMBIHCKafl

apMHH aa jxa S ea cT B y iom eM y H acejieH H io 205.000 o S ea oB , 18.000 K rr . MyKii,

7 .000 K rr. K apTotjie jia , 120.000 K rr . a p o b ; OKa3ajia M eaim nH CKyio n oM ou ib : 20.000

KOHCyjIbTaHHH H JICHCHHC, 300 XH pyp i HHCCKHX O nepaitflH , 650 aHajIH30B; pyMHHCKHe

BOHHbi OKa3biBajiH n o M o m b jnoxibM H h JKHBOTHbiMH b nojieB b ix paöoTax ,

nepeBe3JiH apM eiicKH M T p a H cn o p roM CBbiine 25 .000 rpaacflaH h t . ti.

B xpoHHKax MHorHX ceji MexocjiOBaKHH yKasbiBaeica uà BOCTop>Kcn[iyioBCTpeliy,

KOTOpyiO OKa3ajIH HCHTejIH pyMblHCKHM BOHCKaM. HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX 6bIJIH yno-

1 U,eHTp. Her. apx., (|ìoh/i KoponeBCKoro no.via, ucno 22/1945 r., ji. 15.

2 PyubiHAH e aw nizum.iepoacKoü eoUue, npmioaceHHe 8, CTp. 702.

3 Tom stce, CTp. 466.

4 Cm . n0AP06H0CTH, apx. MBC (mi), flejio 1/28.

5 Tom ce, ji. 205.

6 C m . noapoSnocTH, apx. MBC (Fili), Aejio 1/28, j i . 202.

7 Tom Jice, ji. 211.

8 T o m 3ice, n. 268.

9 ApxHB MBC (rUI), /je/io 1/28, j i. 282 ; Tom 3ice, j i . 285 h ji. 373.

5 BKJIAfl PyMbIHMM B OCBOBO*flEHHE MEXOCJIOBAKHH 465

M auyTM b CTaTbe HexocjioBamcHX h c to p h k o b 3 aencica K o h ck h h h O paH TH inKa M a K - Hyca1. T aK xpoHHKa cena Sdamine oTM enaeT, m to « . . . b TeneHHe aByx nacoB pyMMHCKHe naTpyjiH n poxoA H jiH Mepes 3/iannMc h 6 ì>ijih BCTpeneHbi c pa/ iocrb io >KHTeji«Mn cejia. M h o th c njiaKajin o t paaocTii»2. flpyraa xpoiiHKa oTMenaeT: «M H oro>K aaH ü L iH aen b H acTaji. PyMbiHCKHe h coBeTCKHe coji/iaTbr k MHCJiy Tbican no5ejj aoGaBnjiH h HacejieHHbiìi nyriKT T h c o b c k »3. BjiacTH Eopco b c b o io onepeflb OTMenann: «BbiJio 6ojibuioii paaocTbio BCTpeTHTb HauiHx ocBo5oaHTejie¡í, oco- 6e»Ho pyMbincKoro KOMaHayiomero, KOTopbiii, npoxoaa n epe3 Bopco, 6bm yaw- Bjien npa3AHHHHbrM bh^om cejia h npHBeTCTBOBaji sth 3HaMeHa»4. XpoHHKa cena XeaaKOHHKa, OTMenaa xpaópocTb pyMbiHCKHx cojiaaT naBLUHX 3a ocBo6o>KaeHHe 3T o r o cena, roBopMT: « . . . reponnecKHe 6oiiu,bi npouuiH tm ch h h KHjioMeTpoB h najiH 3a ocBo6o>KacHne He3HaKOMbix c e ji, h t o 6 w >khtcjih s th x cejr H36aBHjiHCb o t HaiiHCTCKoro paScTBa h 5kh jih c b o G o í ih o »5. A b B h jiobh h c OTMenajin: «PyMbiHbi 6binii xopouine BOHHbi h 3HajiH 3a h to b o io k jt . Mbi hx nprniajin c 6ojibuioH paflOCTblO H 3a TO BpeMa, CKOJIbKO OHM 6bIJIH C H3MH, Mbl nOZipyJKHJIHCb C HHMH»6. ilpHBC/ÌCM TOJlbKO OflHH npH M ep H3 XpOHHKH Cejia X op H H BxO Ta: «... OTpaflbI BOÍÍCK pyMbIHCKOH neXOTbl BOIUJ1H B CejlO. Mbl OMCIIb XOTejlH npHTJiaCHTb HX B ilOM Ha o6e^... Ho y hhx HeT BpeMSHH. Hauin ocBo6oaHTejiH cnemHjiH c b h h to b k o h HiiH c aBTOMaTOM b pyKax»7.

B naM aTb >KepTBaM, npHHeceHHblM pyMbIHCKHMH BOHCKaMH B LfeX0CJ70Bai<HH,

3a KpoBb, n pojTH Tyio pyMbiHCKHMH coJiflaraMH Ha npoTaacenHH 6ojiee 400 km, o t T y p H a n o n ™ no r. HparH, n exoc jioB au K oe npaBHTejibCTBo Harpa/iH/io op- íieHaMH H Me.aa.naMH 5.600 pyMbiHCKHX bohhob8. H3 hhx: 1) Opaen «Eejibiii JieB»

3a noGeav, 2) OpaeH «3Be3aa» 3a ocB o6 o *,aeH H e M exoanoBaKHH, 3) Me,aa.nb «B oeH H b iü K p ;c T » , 4) Meaanb «3a O TB ary », 5) Meaajib «3a aocTOHHCTBO», 6) Meaajib «iìyK jia » h 7) Cepe5panaa M?aanb «3BC3,a;a» 3a ocboGo/ìcachhc MexocjioBaKHH.

HpaBHTejibCTBO H exo c jio B an K o fi CouHajiHCTHHecKon P e c n y 6 ;iHKH B0 3 AB H ni0 BejiHHecTBenHbiii naMaTHHK b r. 3BOJien b naMaTb naBuiHx pyMbiHCKHX bohhob, h b a p y ra x HacejieHHbix nyHKTax 6binH B03aBHrHyTbi nawaTHHKH h MeMopHajib- Hbis aocKH b naMaTb naBLUHX pyMbmcKHx repoeB.

PyMbi icxaa KpoBb, KOTOpaa o6HJibHO npojiHjiacb Ha n o ;ia x h b ropax Mexo- ojioBaicHH, yK penH jia em e 6 o jib u ie CBa3H M eacay 3 th m h aBy.via /jpyacecTBeHHbiMH rocy ;japcTB aM H , KOTopbie c e r o s a , b yc jioB H ax co im a jiH 3M a , n rp aroT Baa<Hyio pojib Ha Me3KayHapoaHOH ap en e , nonb3yacb orpoM H b iM npecTHHceM.

1 Manutjhcmaiiuu HexocAOsaiiKO-pyMbmcKOÙ dpyouSbi eo epeMH 6oee 3a oceodoxcdenue Mo- paeuu U3-nod (fiaiuucmcKoio uea, b « M c t . jieTonHCH li,K K PTI», JNs4, 1962; cm . h K o n c £ n v, Z d e n é k h a p y r h e, RumunsKà arma da v bojach za naSi svobodu, ripara, 1963.

2 A p xH B MBC (rUI), fle.ro 1 / 28, ji. 367.3 Tom Jice, jt. 366.4 Ta.u M'e, jt . 368.5 Ta.u me, ji. 369.6 Taxi 3tc3, jt . 370.7 Tom mc2, j i . 371.8 PyMbiHAH s aHm ieum/iepoacKou eoùHe, CTp. 468.

30- 1457