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HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERHATIAN GURU AKUNTANSI, FASILITAS BELAJAR, DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR

AKUNTANSI DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI

Studi Kasus : Siswa Kelas XI Ilmu Sosial SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu, Bantul

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan

Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Bidang Keahlian Khusus Pendidikan Akuntansi

Oleh :

Anggi Prasetyo NIM: 071334050

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI BIDANG KEAHLIAN KHUSUS PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA

YOGYAKARTA 2013

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERHATIAN GURU AKUNTANSI, FASILITAS BELAJAR, DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR

AKUNTANSI DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI

Studi Kasus : Siswa Kelas XI Ilmu Sosial SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu, Bantul

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan

Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Bidang Keahlian Khusus Pendidikan Akuntansi

Oleh :

Anggi Prasetyo NIM: 071334050

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI BIDANG KEAHLIAN KHUSUS PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA

YOGYAKARTA 2013

i


ii


PERSEMBAHAN

iii


Ya Bapaku, Jikalau sekiranya mungkin, biarlah cawan ini berlalu dari

padaKu, tetapi janganlah seperti yang kukehendaki, melainkan seperti yang

Engkau kehendaki.

( Matius 26 :39 )

Dengan penuh rasa syukur kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus,

Skripsi ini kupersembahkan untuk:

Para Orang Tuaku : Bpk alm Marcelinus Petrus Sugiyono, Ibu Chatarina

Martinah,Bpk Yusup Paiman, Ibu Yohanna Susilo Isgiarti.

Istriku : Theresia Deni Septi Mayasari, S.Pd

Anakku :Paula Ananda Putri Prasetyo

Adikku : Valentina Ruri Prasetyo,Yustina Dini Putranti

Teman-temanku

Semua orang yang mengasihi aku

Kupersembahkan karya ini untuk almamaterku :

Universitas Sanata Dharma

MOTTO

iv


”Jadilah seperti yang kamu inginkan karena kamu hanya memiliki satu

kehidupan dan satu kesempatan untuk melakukan hal-hal yang ingin kamu

lakukan”

”Bercita-cita tanpa berusaha tidak akan membuahkan keberhasilan, berusaha

dengan berdoa akan membuahkan keberhasilan yang sempurna”

v


PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA

Saya menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa skripsi yang saya tulis ini tidak

memuat karya atau bagian karya orang lain, kecuali yang telah disebutkan dalam

kutipan dan daftar pustaka, sebagaimana layaknya karya ilmiah.

Yogyakarta, 4 Juli 2013

Penulis

Anggi Prasetyo

vi


LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama : ANGGI PRASETYO Nomor Mahasiswa : 071334050

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERHATIAN GURU AKUNTANSI, FASILITAS BELAJAR, DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI

beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal: 4 Juli 2013

Yang menyatakan

Anggi Prasetyo

vii


ABSTRAK

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERHATIAN GURU AKUNTANSI, FASILITAS BELAJAR, DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR

AKUNTANSI Studi Kasus Siswa Kelas XI Ilmu Sosial SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu, Bantul

Anggi Prasetyo Universitas Sanata Dharma

Yogyakarta 2013

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan

antara: (1) perhatian guru akuntansi dengan prestasi belajar akuntansi, (2) fasilitas belajar dengan prestasi belajar akuntansi, (3) motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar akuntansi.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu, Bantul pada tanggal 23 Mei 2012. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI Ilmu Sosial SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu, Bantul, dengan sampel 58 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan korelasi Product Moment .

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tidak ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara perhatian guru akuntansi dengan prestasi belajar akuntansi (rhitung = 0,183 < rtabel = 0,254), (2) tidak ada hubungan yang positif signifikan antara fasilitas belajar dengan prestasi belajar akuntansi (rhitung = 0,077 > rtabel = 0,254), (3) tidak ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar akuntansi (rhitung = 0,030 < rtabel = 0,254).

viii


ABSTRACT

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACCOUNTING TEACHER ATTENTION, LEARNING FACILITY, LEARNING MOTIVATION AND

ACCOUNTING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT.

A Case Study on: The Eleventh Grade Student of the Social and Sciences Department of Pangudi Luhur Senior High School, Sedayu, Bantul.

Anggi Prasetyo Sanata Dharma University

Yogyakarta 2013

This research aims to know the relationship between: (1) accounting teacher attention and accounting learning achievement. (2) learning facility and accounting learning achievement. (3) learning motivation and accounting learning achievement.

The research is a case study conducted at the Pangudi Luhur Senior High School, Sedayu, Bantul in 23 May 2013. The population of this study the eleventh grade of the social and sciences department. The samples were 58 students. The technique of taking samples was purposive. The technique of collecting the data was questionnaire. The data were analyzed by applying Product Moment correlation analysis technique.

The results of the study indicates that: (1) there isn’t positive and significant relationship between the accounting teacher attention and accounting learning achievement (r count = 0,183 < r table = 0,254); (2) there isn’t positive and significant relationship between learning facility and accounting learning achievement (r count = 0,077 < r table = 0,254); (3) there isn’t positive and significant relationship between learning motivation and accounting learning achievementm (r count = 0,030 < r table = 0,254).

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus atas kasih-Nya yang besar,

sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul ” HUBUNGAN

ANTARA PERHATIAN GURU AKUNTASI, FASILITAS BELAJAR, DAN

MOTIVASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR

AKUNTANSI”.

Penulis menyadari bahwa proses penyusunan skripsi ini mendapatkan

berbagai masukan, kritik dan saran dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu, penulis

mengucapkan terima kasih yang sedalam-dalamnya kepada:

1. Bapak Rohandi, Ph.D. selaku Dekan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan,

Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta.

2. Bapak Indra Darmawan, SE., M.Si. selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Pengetahuan

Sosial, Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta

3. Bapak Laurentius Saptono, S.Pd., M.Si. selaku Ketua Program Studi

Pendidikan Akuntansi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas

Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta

4. Bapak Drs. Bambang Purnomo, S.E.,M.Si. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang

telah banyak meluangkan waktu dalam memberikan bimbingan, memberikan

kritik, dan saran untuk kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

5. Bapak Laurentinus Saptono, S.Pd., M.Si. selaku Dosen Penguji yang telah

banyak meluangkan waktu dalam memberikan bimbingan, memberikan kritik,

dan saran untuk kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

6. Ibu Rita Eny Purwanti, S.Pd., M.Si. selaku Dosen Penguji yang telah banyak

meluangkan waktu dalam memberikan bimbingan, memberikan kritik, dan

saran untuk kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

7. Staf pengajar Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi yang telah memberikan

tambahan pengetahuan dalam proses perkuliahan.

x


8. Br. Agustinus Mujiya, S.Pd., FIC. selaku Kepala Sekolah SMA Pangudi

Luhur sedayu Yogyakarta yang telah memberikan izin penelitian.

9. Bapak E Candra, S.Pd. selaku Guru Mata Pelajaran Akuntansi yang telah

memberikan informasi dan data-data yang diperlukan untuk menyusun skripsi

ini.

10. Tenaga administrasi Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi yang telah

membantu melancarkan proses belajar selama ini.

11. Orang tuaku yang selalu memberikan kasih sayang dan dukungan doa selama

ini.

12. Istriku Theresia Deni Septi Mayasari S.Pd yang selalu memberikan kekuatan

serta dukungan yang mendalam selama ini.

13. Anakku Paula Ananda Putri Prasetyo yang selalu memberikan kecerian

kehangatan selama ini

14. Adikku yang selalu memberikan canda tawa dan dukungan doa.

15. Keluarga besarku : Budhe Moto, Budhe Ngat, Budhe Kecuk, yang selalu

memberikan dorongan kepadaku moril maupun materiil selama ini.

16. Rekan-rekanku :Ivan,Andi/tewor,agung/ple,febri/kuwuk yang selalu memberi

semangat yang begitu besar kepada saya selama ini.

17. Rekan-rekan PAK angkatan 2007 yang selalu memberikan dorongan serta

keceriaan serta kekompakan kita selama ini.

18. Rekan-rekan TC : Aditya/Pepeng, Agung/Qsruh, Ivan/Coro, Prima/Bleki,

Bagus/Gunto, Dita/toge,Johan/Bangjo, Nando/Butong.

19. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu yang telah

membantu demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

xi


Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh

karena itu, penulis senantiasa menerima kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun

demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

Akhir kata, penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat berguna bagi semua

pihak yang berkepentingan.

Penulis

Anggi Prasetyo

xii


DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ................................................. ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... iv HALAMAN MOTTO ......................................................................................... v PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ............................................................. vi LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS............................................ vii ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................ ix KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ x DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................... xii DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN....................................................................................... xviii BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah.............................................................. 1 B. Batasan Masalah ......................................................................... 4 C. Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 4 D. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................ 5 E. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 6

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI DAN HIPOTESIS

A. LANDASAN TEORI 1. Belajar

a. Pengertian Belajar ........................................................... 7 b. Pestasi Belajar ................................................................. 8 c. Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi .............................................. 8

2. Perhatian Guru ................................................................. 11 b. .Pengertian Perhatian Guru ............................................ 11 c. Tujuan Bimbingan .......................................................... 12 d. Perhatian Guru Di Kelas .................................................. 13

3. Fasilitas belajar a. Pengertian Fasilitas ......................................................... 14 b. Fasilitas Belajar............................................................... 15

4. Motivasi a. Pengertian Motivasi ........................................................ 16 b. Bentuk Motivasi Belajar ................................................. 17 c. Karakteristik Siswa yang memenuhi motivasi................ 18

xiii


B. Kajian Hasil Penelitian Yang Relevan........................................ 20 C. Kerangka Berpikir

1. Hubungan Antara Perhatian Guru Akuntansi dengan Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi .................................................... 21

2. Hubungan Antara Fasilitas Belajar dengan Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi.................................................................. 22

3. Hubungan Antara Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi dengan Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi .................................................... 22

4. Hubungan Antara Perhatian Guru Akuntansi, Fasilitas Belajar dan Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi secara bersama sama dengan prestasi belajar siswa ....................................... 23

D. Perumusan Hipotesis................................................................... 24

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

A. Jenis Penelitian............................................................................ 25 B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................... 25 C. Subjek dan Objek Penelitian ....................................................... 25 D. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian

1. Populasi Penelitian................................................................ 26 2. Sampel Penelitian.................................................................. 26

E. Variabel Penelitian dan Pengukuran 1. Pengukuran Variabel............................................................. 26 2. Penentuan Kecenderungan Variabel ..................................... 27 3. Indikator Variabel ................................................................. 28

F. Metode Pengumpulan Data 1. Kuesioner .............................................................................. 28 2. Dokumentasi ......................................................................... 29

G. Teknik Pengujian Instrumen 1. Analisis Validitas .................................................................. 29 2. Analisis Reliabilitas .............................................................. 32

H. Teknik Analisis Data 1. Uji Normalitas.................... ................................................... 34 2. Pengujian Hipotesis

a. Rumusan Hipotesis ......................................................... 34 b. Pengujian Hipotesis......................................................... 34

BAB IV GAMBARAN UMUM

A. Sejarah SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu ......................................... 39 B. Visi,Misi dan Tujuan SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu ................... 40 C. Logo SMA PangudiLuhur Sedayu.............................................. 42 D. Kurikulum SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu.................................... 42 E. Fasilitas Pendidikan dan Latihan SMA Pangudi Luhur ............. 43 F. Prestasi Siswa-siswi SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu..................... 44

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BAB V ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. Deskripsi Data 1. Perhatian Guru Akuntansi ..................................................... 46 2. Fasilitas Belajar ................................................................. 47 3. Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi................................................... 47 4. Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi .................................................... 48

B. Analisis Data 1. Pengujian Prasyarat Analisis

Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov Smirnov .................................. 49

2. Pengujian Hipotesis............................................................... 50

C. Pembahasan 1. Hubungan Antara Perhatian Guru Akuntansi dengan

Prestasi belajar Akuntansi ..................................................... 58 2. Hubungan Antara Fasilitas Belajar dengan Prestasi

Belajar Akuntansi.................................................................. 59 3. Hubungan Antara Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi dengan

Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi .................................................... 60

BAB VI KESIMPULAN, SARAN DAN KETERBATASAN

A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 62 B. Saran............................................................................................ 63 C. Keterbatasan................................................................................ 64

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 65

LAMPIRAN....................................................................................................... 67

xv


DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1. Skor Pernyataan Kuesioner ............................................................ 27 Tabel 3.2. Penilaian Acuan Patokan II............................................................ 27 Tabel 3.3. Indikator Variabel .......................................................................... 28 Tabel 3.4. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen perhatian Guru ............................... 30 Tabel 3.5. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Fasilitas Belajar ............................. 31 Tabel 3.6. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Motivasi Belajar............................. 31 Tabel 3.7. Hasil Uji Reabilitas Instrumen....................................................... 33 Tabel 3.8. Tingkat keterhandalan variable penelitian ..................................... 33 Tabel 3.9. Pedoman Untuk Memberikan Interpretasi terhadap Korelasi ....... 36 Tabel 5.1. Distribusi Frekuensi Perhatian Guru Akuntansi ............................ 46 Tabel 5.2. Distribusi Frekuensi Fasilitas Belajar ............................................ 47 Tabel 5.3. Distribusi Frekuensi Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi .......................... 48 Tabel 5.4. Distribusi Frekuensi Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi............................ 49 Tabel 5.5. Hasil Uji Normalitas ...................................................................... 50 Tabel 5.6. Hasil Uji Kerelasi Hipotesis I ........................................................ 51 Tabel 5.7. Perhitungan t hitung Hipotesis I..................................................... 52 Tabel 5.8. Hasil Uji Korelasi Hipotesis II....................................................... 53 Tabel 5.9. Perhitungan thitung Hipotesis II .................................................... 53 Tabel 5.10. hasil Uji Korelasi Hipotesis III ...................................................... 54 Tabel 5.11. Perhitungan thitung Hipotesis III ................................................... 55 Tabel 5.12. Hasil Uji Regresi GAnda Hipotesis IV .......................................... 56 Tabel 5.13. Perhitungan Fhitung Hipotesis IV.................................................. 57

xvi


DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Kuesioner Penelitian ................................................................ 67 Lampiran 2 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ................................................... 74 Lampiran 3 Data Induk Penelitian............................................................... 77 Lampiran 4 Penilaian Acuan Patokan PAP Tipe II ..................................... 86 Lampiran 5 Mean, Median, Modus, Deviasi Standar.................................. 89 Lampiran 6 Uji Normalitas.......................................................................... 91 Lampiran 7 Uji Korelasi Product Moment .................................................. 93 Lampiran 8 Analisis Regresi ....................................................................... 96 Lampiran 9 Tabel r, t, F ............................................................................... 101 Lampiran 10 Surat Izin Penelitian ................................................................. 105

xvii


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A gnakaleB rataL

paites napudihek malad gnitnep gnay lah utaus nakapurem nakididneP

ukal hakgnit nad pakis nahaburep sesorp utaus nakapurem nakididneP .aisunam

iulalem naD .rajaleb iulalem aisunam nakasawednem ahasu malad gnaroeses

nagned aynirid satilauk naktakgninem tapad udividni paites nakparahid nakididnep

atic ikilimem nad isatserpreb - gnaroeses kajes ialumid rajaleB .nakparahid gnay atic

.lamrofni nupuam lamrof nakididnep lanegnem

a utaus iagabes naksumurid aisunam adap rajaleB gnay ,sikisp/latnem sativitk

nahaburep naklisahgnem gnay ,nagnukgnil nagned fitka iskaretni malad gnusgnalreb -

nauhategnep malad nahaburep - nahabureP .pakis ialin nad nalipmartek ,namahamep

)63:7891 ,lekniW( .sakebreb nad natsnok fitaler araces tafisreb uti

gnay udividni padahret nahaburep utaus awabmem naka rajaleb malaD

lisah nad pakis ,gnaroeses satilauk ,nauhategnep ianegnem nahabureP .aynnakukalem

irid nakgnabmegnem ahasureb akij rajaleb nakatakid tapad gnaroeseS .iapacid gnay

malagnep iracnem ,iridnes uata isatserP .isatserpreb nad iridnam tapad aggnihes na

sesorp nakukalem haletes gnaroeses imalaid gnay nahaburep nakpurem rajaleb lisah

.rajaleb

nad sesorp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf nakpakgnugnem )8891( atarbayruS

malad irad rotkaf halada rajaleb isatserp :irid raul irad rotkaf nad irid


2

,sigoloisif nad sigolokisp isidnok itupilem tapad awsis irid malad irad rotkaf

nagnukgnil nad agraulek nagnukgnil itupilem irid raul irad rotkaf nakgnades

eb malad anarasarp nad anaras iagabreb napakgnelek atres takaraysam .rajal

ihuragnepmem tapad gnay rotkaf aud tapadret )65:7891( otemalS turuneM

f :utiay ,rajaleb isatserp lanretni rotka f( ,aisu itupilem gnay sigoloib rotka

natahesek ,nagnatamek f nad ,isavitom ,tanim itupilem gnay sigolokisp rotka

itah anasaus f nad ) e rotka lanretsk f( ,agraulek utiay aisunam rotka

inu f nad takaraysam nad halokes/satisrev ,anasaus ,aradu utiay aisunam non rotka

uab - nauab ).

iapacnem kutnu rajaleb gnaroeses tapmet utas halas nakapurem halokeS

adnem awsis ,halokes iD .nakparahid gnay isatserp utaus gnay umli iagabreb tap

nagnatnaT .aynnaped asam kutnu lakeb uata pudih nagnusgnalek kutnu anugreb

ikilimem kutnu tutnutid aisunam paites ,nredom nad ujam nikames gnay namaz

.iggnit gnay irid satilauk nad nauhategnep

urem rajagnep uata kididnep iagabes uruG utnenep rotkaf nakap

nakididnep ahasu paites naseskusek halsurah nakididnep ainud malad uruG .

nauhategnep ikilimem gnajnunem kutnu pukuc gnay nalipmaretek nad

urug gnaroes halada aynutas halaS .kididnep gnaroes iagabes satilanoiseforp

avitom irebmem ratnip awsis raga tagnames nad itapmis ,kidid kana adapek is

arac helo gnukudid aguj awsis tagnameS .isatserpreb kutnu isavitomret tapad - arac

helo pakgnatid kutnu salej nad hadum ,kiranem ,fitaerk gnay rajagnem urug

.awsis


3

g ,rajaleb isatserp iapacnem ahasu malaD ulales aynkadneh uru

gnay nagnibmib nagneD .halokes id awsis rajaleb utnabmem nad gnibmibmem

tapadnem gnay awsiS .awsis aumes helo ayntaafnam nakasarid naka nakirebid

.kiab aynisatserp aggnihes gnanes asarem naka narajalep taas urug irad nagnibmib

s akiteK malad utnabmem tapad urug ,iretam pakgnanem malad natilusek awsi

.iretam imahamem

malad iggnit gnay rajaleb isavitom ikilimem surah aguj awsis ,uti nialeS

ikilimem gnay awsiS .nakparahid gnay rajaleb lisah iapacnem kutnu nad rajaleb

gnay rajaleb isavitom uti laH .naksaumem gnay lisah utaus tapadnem naka iggnit

pakis iaynupmem nad lisahreb kutnu naparah ikilimem awsis gnaroes nakbabesid

isavitom ikilimem gnay awsiS .naujut naiapacnep padahret fitisop ukalirep uata

iapacnem kutnu ahasureb ulales naka iggnit ,nijar rajaleb nagned kiabret lisah

utaus naiapacnep imed ahasureb ulales nad nupapa nakukalem nad salek id fitka

gnay rajaleb isavitom ikilimem gnay awsis aggniheS .nakparahid gnay isatserp

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.hadner rajaleb isavitom ikilimem

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namahamep malad awsis nakhadumem tapad ada gnay rajaleb aideM .rajagnem

pakgnel gnay rajaleb satilisaf aynada nagneD .sagut naiaseleynep nad iretam

.rajaleb isidnok nagnabmegnep gnukudnem tapad nakparahid


4

eS ruhuL idugnaP AMS id awsis arap turuneM iduts gnadib urug ,uyad

helo gnukudid atres iggnit gnay isavitom nad naitahrep irebmem halet isnatnuka

awsis nakanugrepid tapad kutnu naknikgnumem aggnihes iadamem gnay satilisaf

numaN .kiab nagned rajagnem rajaleb sesorp nakukalem kutnu urug nad

anuggnep isatserP .lamiskam araces naktaafnamid muleb ada gnay satilisaf na

macamreb awsis - hadner gnay ada hisam nad iggnit isatserpreb gnay ada ,macam

.magar akenareb gnay awsis rajaleb isavitom nagned

silunep ,sata id halasam gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB u kiratret kutn

uruG naitahreP aratnA nagnubuH“ ludujreb gnay naitilenep nakadagnem

isatserP nagned isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM nad rajaleB satilisaF ,isnatnukA

.lutnaB ,uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS id susak idutS ”.isnatnukA rajaleB

.B halasaM nasataB

tagnigneM rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf kaynab utigeb

halasam nasatabmep ulrep akam ,awsis isnatnuka ,hararet hibel naitilenep ragA .

rotkaf agit adap isatabid naitilenep akam aganet nad ayaib ,utkaw tagnignem

isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem gnay )1( :utiay , naitahrep urug

)2( ,isnatnuka rajaleb satilisaf , nad )3( isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom .

.C halasaM nasumuR

.1 isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh ada hakapA

rajaleb awsis isnatnuka - saleK iwsis laisoS umlI IX AMS yadeS ruhuL idugnaP u?


5

.2 rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuh ada hakapA isnatnuka

awsis - saleK iwsis laisoS umlI IX AMS uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP ?

.3 isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh ada hakapA

rajaleb awsis isnatnuka - saleK iwsis laisoS umlI IX AMS uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP ?

.4 aratna nagnubuh ada hakapA isavitom ,rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep

rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb awsis isnatnuka - saleK iwsis umlI IX

laisoS AMS uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP ?

.D naitileneP naujuT

.1 kutnU aitahrep aratna nagnubuh iuhategnm isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug n

rajaleb awsis isnatnuka - ruhuL idugnaP AMS laisoS umlI IX saleK iwsis

uyadeS

.2 isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuh iuhategnem kutnU

rajaleb awsis isnatnuka - saleK iwsis soS umlI IX lai AMS ruhuL idugnaP

uyadeS

.3 nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh iuhategnem kutnU

rajaleb isatserp awsis isnatnuka - saleK iwsis laisoS umlI IX AMS idugnaP

uyadeS ruhuL

.4 aratna nagnubuh iuhategnem kutnU satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep ,rajaleb

rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom awsis isnatnuka - saleK iwsis

laisoS umlI IX AMS uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP ?


6

.E naitileneP taafnaM

.1 awsiS igaB - iwsis

naitilenep lisaH ini iwsis igab nakusam iagabes nakidajid tapad nakparahid -

u iwis n kut nakhadumem tapad gnay isnatnuka urug nagnibmib itukignem

naktaafnamem nakparahid aguj awsiS .rajaleb lisah iapacnem kutnu awsis

atres ,hamur id rajaleb nataigek gnajnunem kutnu ada gnay satilisaf

gnay isatserp raga rajaleb isavitom naktakgninem nakparahid nakparahid

.iapacret

.2 AMS igaB ruhuL idugnaP

naitilenep lisaH ini tapad nakparahid idajnem atnuka urug igab nakusam isn

awsis gnibmibmem tapad kutnu - narajalep imahamem malad ayniwsis

.isnatnuka

.3 siluneP igaB

ini naitileneP taafnam nakirebmem tapad nakparahid kutnu itilenep igab

kames awsis gnibmibmem anamiagab imahamem ni - is s imahamem malad iw

nuka narajalep amaturet ,kiab nagned narajalep habmanem nad isnat

.nasawaw saulrepmem atres nauhategnep

.4 satisrevinU igaB

asad idajnem nad naakatsupek habmanem idajnem tapaD kutnu naijak nahab r

.tiakret nahalasamrep gnatnet maladnem hibel nad tujnal hibel naitilenep


7

II BAB

SISETOPIH NAD IROET NASADNAL

.A iroeT nasadnaL

.1 rajaleB

.a rajaleB naitregneP

halada )48:0991 ,otnawruP( rewoB nad dragliH turunem rajaleB

nakbabesid utnetret isautis padahret gnaroeses ukal hakgnit nahaburep

gnalureb gnay aynnamalagnep helo - malad gnalu anamid ,uti isautis

rasad sata naksalejid tapad kadit uti ukal hakgnit nahaburep

naadaek uata nagnatamek ,naawabmep nopser nagnurednecek - naadaek

.gnaroeses taases

halada rajaleb ,)98:7991( nibihuM hayS turunem ,nial isinifeD

rem nad sesorpreb gnay nataigek malad latnemadnuf gnay rusnu nakapu

.nakididnep gnajnej nad sinej naaraggneleynep paites

utaus iagabes rajaleb nakisinifednem ,lekniW S.W nakgnadeS

fitka iskaretni malad gnusgnalreb gnay sikisp uata latnem sativitka

ujes naklisahgnem gnay nagnukgnil nagned malad nahaburep halm

.pakis ialin nad nalipmaretek ,namahamep nauhategnep

idajret halet aynirid maladid akij ,rajaleb halet nakatakid gnaroeseS

nakapurem rajaleb ,nakididnep agabmel iD .utnetret nahaburep

eK .rajagnem rajaleb sesorp nataigek naiakgnarutaus rajaleb nataig

,otemalS( naujutreb aynmumu adap nakididnep agabmel id rajagnem

:)75:7891


8

)1 gnay pesnok uata napakacek ,naiadnapek utaus iuhategneM

.iuhatekid muleb aynmulebes

)2 kadit aynmulebes gnay aisunam adapek utauses nakrajagnem tapaD

kiab ,taubreb tapad .nalipmaretek nupuam ukal hakgnit

)3 utaus maladek nauhategnep aud nakisanibmokgnem upmaM

hakgnit nupuam nauhategnep ,nalipmaretek kiab ,urab naitregnep

.ukal

)4 halet gnay nauhategnep nakparenem uata imahamem tapaD

.aynhelorepid

.b rajaleB isatserP

sumaK turuneM isatserp ,)007:0991( aisenodnI asahaB raseB

gnay nalipmaretek uata nauhategnep naasaugnep halada rajaleb

tset nagned nakkujnutid mizal gnay narajalep atam helo nakgnabmekid

nataigek ek helorepid gnay satilauk halada ialiN .akgna ialin uata

.naialinep gnadeS halada rajaleb isatserp ,)24:6991( lekniW .S.W nak

nakrabmagid uata nakataynid gnay naupmamek nahaburep irad lisah

set utaus iulalem urug helo nakirebid gnay fitatitnauk akgna nagned

.hasaji uata tropar malad nimrecret gnay nasil nupuam silut kiab

.c isatserP isnatnukA rajaleB

nad nakgnaneynem gnay narajalep nakapurem isnatnuka narajaleP

kutnu nanigniek iaynupmem gnamem gnay awsis igab nakkisagnem

.SPI nasuruj ek kusam nakhutubmem aynirajalepmem kutnu numaN


9

akgna gnutihgnem malad nailejek ,nanuketek - res akgna at

.naralanep nakhutubmem

nad satilauk rotakidni nakapurem isnatnuka rajaleb isatserP

.kidid kana helo iasaukid gnay nauhategnep irad satitnauk isatserP

nad awsis adapek urug nagnibmib helo gnukudid tagnas rajaleb

anasaus nakatpicnem malad urug anamiagab .kiab gnay rajaleb

nahaburep ada nakparahid kidid kana ,isnatnuka rajaleb nagneD

.narajalebmep naujut nagned iauses helorepid gnay naupmamek

narajalebmep naujut ianegnem kujnutep idajnem awsis rajaleb isatserP

.kadit hakuata iapacret

wsis rajaleb isatserP ,rotkaf iagabreb helo ihuragnepid kaynab a

aynirid raul irad nupuam )lanretni( aynirid irad lasareb kiab

uneM .)lanretske( 9:3991( namsU rezU tur - gnay rotkaf aparebeb ,)01

:utiay ,rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem

)1 rotkaF - i( iridnes irid irad lasareb gnay rotkaf gnay ,)lanretn

:itupilem

)a naawab tafisreb gnay kiab ,)igoloisif( hainamsaj rotkaF

acnap halai ini rotkaf kusamret gnaY .helorepid gnay nupuam

:itrepes ,aynitsem anamiagabes isgnufreb kadit gnay aredni

kadit gnay nagnabmekrep uata hubut tacac ,tikas imalagnem

aynisgnufreb ,anrupmes awabmem gnay hubut rajnelek

.ukal hakgnit nanialek


01

)b gnay nupuam naawab tafisreb gnay kiab ,sigolokisp rotkaF

:sata iridret ini rotkaF .helorepid

)1( :itupilem gnay ,fitkeletni rotkaF

)a( takab nad nasadrecek utiay ,laisnetop rotkaF

)b( rp utiay ,atayn napakacek rotkaF .ikilimid gnay isatse

gnay ialin helorepmem awsis 1 salek kajes ,aynlasiM

.isnatnuka narajalep kutnu kiab

)2( rusnu utiay ,fitkeletni non rotkaF - naidabirpek rusnu

,nahutubek ,tanim ,naasaibek ,pakis :itrepes ,utnetret

.irid naiauseynep nad isome ,isavitom

)c tkaF .sikisp nupuam kisif nagnatamek ro

)2 rotkaF - :itupilem gnay ,)lanretske( irid raul irad lasareb gnay rotkaf

)a :itupilem gnay ,laisos rotkaF

)1( atoggna utas halas :aynlasim ,agraulek nagnukgniL

,seskus gnay natnuka iagabes ajrekeb gnay ada agraulek

y awsis aggnihes atoggna utas halas nakapurem gna

malad id uata natnuka idajnem nigni aguj tubesret agraulek

narajalep gnajnunem gnay satilisaf aidesret agraulek

.isnatnuka

)2( itukignem gnires halokes :aynlasim ,halokes nagnukgniL

ad atres tuki nigni awsis nad isnatnuka abmol abmol mal

.nakaraggnelesid gnay


11

)3( namet ikilimem awsis :aynlasim ,takaraysam nagnukgniL

malad kiab isatserp iaynupmem gnay salek id barka

kutnu gnatnatret naka aguj ai akam isnatnuka narajalep

.isatserpreb gnay aynnamet itrepes

)b tada :itrepes ,ayadub rotkaF ,nauhategnep umli ,tadaitsi

.nainesek nad igolonket

)c satilisaf nad hamur satilisaf :itrepes ,kisif nagnukgnil rotkaF

.rajaleb

)d naamagaek uata lautirips nagnukgnil rotkaF

P iskaretni lisah nakapurem awsis iapacid gnay rajaleb isatser

b ratna iagabre rotkaf - rotkaf urug nalanegnep ,uti anerak helO .sata id

awsis rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem tapad gnay rotkaf padahret

iapacnem awsis utnabmem akgnar malad aynitra ilakes gnitnep

9:3991,namsU rezU( nikgnum lamitpoes gnay rajaleb isatserp - .)01

.2 ruG naitahreP u

.a uruG naitahreP naitregneP

lah nakapurem naitahrep ,aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumaK turuneM

nakitahrepmem ulales aynkadneh urug gnaroeS .nakitahrepmem

naiapacnep malad isaulave idajnem kutnu awsis ukal hakgnit paites

g naitahreP .isatserp utiay ,naujut utaus nagned tare natiakreb uru

.aynawsis adapek urug nagnibmib


21

uata gnaroeses adapek nautnab nairebmep itrareb nagnibmiB

nahilip taubmem malad gnaro kopmolekes adapek - araces nahilip

natutnut padahret irid naiauseynep nakadagnem malad anaskajib -

.pudih natutnut nagned aynitra gnay ,sigolokisp tafisreb uti nautnaB

gnay halasam iridnes isatagnem tapad aynrihka gnaroeses uti nautnab

.)71:1991 ,lekniW( aynipadahid

nautnab halada nagnibmib ,)41:3991( ojrahoruP turuneM

pmem akerem utnabmem kutnu awsis adapek sitametsis helore

.sabeb nasawaw nad nauhategnep

.b nagnibmiB naujuT

dirum utnabmem halada mumu araces rajaleb nagnibmib naujuT

,rajaleb isautis malad id kiab gnay naiauseynep tapadnem raga

nagned iauses neisife nagned rajaleb tapad dirum paites aggnihes

gnay naupmamek gnay nagnabmekrep iapacnem nad ,aynikilimid

.lamitpo

,)613:6891( namidraS turuneM padahret nagnibmib naujut

:nial aratna awsis

)1 nagned iauses iridnes aynirid imahamem kutnu awsis utnabmeM

.aynnagnabmekrep takgnit nad napakacek

)2 isasilaisos sesorp utnabmeM nahutubek padahret naakepek nad

.nial gnaro

)3 aggnihes rajaleb isavitom nakgnabmegnem kutnu awsis utnabmeM

.nakparahid gnay naujut iapacnem


31

)4 nahacemep ,irid nakharagnem malad id nagnorod nakirebmeM

rp malad irid natabilretek nad nasutupek nalibmagnep ,halasam seso

.narajagnep

)5 malad nad idabirp nasaupek helorepmem kutnu awsis utnabmeM

.aynnagnukgnil padahret mumiskam araces irid naiauseynep

)6 gnabmies gnay napudihek malad id pudih kutnu awsis utnabmeM

.laisos nupuam latnem ,kisif kiab kepsa iagabreb malad

.c aitahreP saleK id uruG n

malad natilusek irad radnihret kadit awsis ,rajaleb sesorp malaD

igab ayntaafnam raseb tanas asarid urug gnaroes nagnibmiB .rajaleb

ulrep akam ,tubesret awsis rajaleb natilusek aynada nagneD .awsis

s amales babes ,urug irad nagnibmib aynada ,halokes id rajaleb awsi

.awsis rajaleb padahret bawajgnuggnatreb gnay halurug

441:6891( namidraS turuneM - nakajregnem awsis amales ,)541

lah nakukalem aynkadneh urug ,sagut - :nial aratna ,nakulrepid gnay lah

)1 m gnay awsis ada ilakgnarab ,nagnibmib nakirebmeM imalagne

,sagut nakajregnem malad hara halas uata natabmah ,natilusek

ianegnem nahital laos nakirebmem isnatnuka urug :aynlasim

malaD .salek id nakajrekid kutnu awsis adapek raseb ukub gnitsop

gnay awsis ada ataynret tubesret nahital laos naajregnep sesorp

naka urug akam ,ada gnay lanruj gnitsopmem malad gnugnib

nasalejnep nakirebmem nagned tubesret awsis utnabmem areges

.ilabmek


41

)2 uata tabmal gnay awsis igab amaturet ,nagnorod nakirebmeM

gnay awsis ada :aynlasim ,sagut nakajregnem hariagreb gnaruk

alad hamel gnibmibmem naka urug akam akgna gnutihgnem lah m

tapad gnay hadumret arac nakirebmem nagned tubesret awsis

.natukgnasreb gnay awsis helo imahapid

tapad nakparahid awsis ,urug irad nautnab aynada nagneD

da ini lah malaD .aynipadahid gnay natilusek isatagnem rusnu a

gnay kahip iagabes urug ,awsis nad urug aratna naayacrepek

nutnunem upmam naka awsis awhab ayacrep nautnab nakirebmem

nad ilagid surah nikgnum uti naupmamek nupiksem ,iridnes aynirid

d nupuam narajalep malad id kiab ,nagnibmib iulalem nakgnabmekid i

.)72:1991 ,srekkajiooR( narajalep raul

tutnutid aynah kadit awsis gnaroes ,isnatnuka narajalep malaD

tapad nakparahid awsis numan isnatnuka laos nakajregnem asib kutnu

kusamret isnatnukA .isnatnuka narajalep iretam irad isi imahamem

umli narajalep malad naralanep nakhutubmem ayniretam numan laisos

.naitiletek nakhutubmem gnay akgna nagnutihgnep nad nalajes gnay

.aynawsis helo nakhutubid tagnas isnatnuka urug naitahrep halinis iD

.3 rajaleb satilisaF

.1 satilisaF naitregneP

( aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumak turuneM satilisaf ,)321:6791

anaras iagabes nakitraid uata nakhadumem gnay utauses alages halada

.nataigek nakukalem kutnu kana nakhadumem gnay anarasarp uata


51

kutnu halada rajaleb satilisaf isgnuf )201:6891( rifohduM turuneM

leb nataigek nakkalaggnem nad gnajnunem nataigek raga awsis raja

.racnal nad kiab nagned nalajreb tapad tubesret rajaleb

.2 rajaleB satilisaF

gnay utauses alages iagabes nakitraid tapad rajaleb satilisaF

nataigek nakukalem kutnu gnaroeses racnalrepmem nad nakhadumem

apacret imed kiab nagned rajaleb naksaumem gnay rajaleb naujut ayni

.)74:6991normI(

gnay halokes ikilimid gnay nagnutnueK ,)74:6991( normI turuneM

:utiay anaras napakgnelek ikilimem

)a rajagnem urug isavitom nad hariag nakhubmunem tapaD

)b kutnu awsis adap nahilip iagabreb nakirebmem tapaD ,rajaleb

adebreb gnay rajaleb ayag iaynupmem awsis anerak - .adeb

macaM - :itupilem awsis helo nakhutubid gnay rajaleb satilisaf macam

)a halokeS natalareP

awsis nakanugid gnay utauses alages nakapurem halokes natalareP

trepes ,rajaleb nataigek nakanaskalem kutnu ukub ,tekap ukub i

.ayniagabes nad silut tala ,silut

)b asaM aideM

kutnu awsis nakhutubid gnay gnajnunep anaras halada asam aideM

.mumu nauhategnep helorepmem

)c rajaleb isruk ajeM


61

malad namayn hibel asarem awsis raga nakaidesid isruk ajeM

.rajaleb nataigek

)d rajaleb gnauR

rajaleb tapad raga nakanugid gnay nagnaur halada rajaleb gnauR

.kiab nagned

)e nagnareneP

kadit raga rajaleb kutnu nakhutubid gnay kiab gnay naayahacneP

.atam kasurem

)f .isalitneV

gnay aradu isalukris naklisahgnem kutnu anaras halada isalitneV

.rajaleb malad nanamaynek kutnu nakhutubid

.4 isavitoM

.a isavitoM naitregneP

iagabes rajaleb isavitom nakisinifednem ,)961:4002( lekniW S.W

gnay awsis irid malad id sikisp kareggnep ayad nahurulesek

nagnusgnalek nimajnem ,rajagnem rajaleb nanigniek naklubminem

imed uti rajaleb nataigek adap hara nakirebmem nad rajaleb

.naujut utaus ayniapacret

non tafisreb gnay rotkaf nakapurem rajaleb isavitom ,nial isinifeD

gnanes asarem hariag nakhubmunem malad sahk aynnareP .lautkeletni

,namidraS( rajaleb kutnu tagnames nad .)57:6891

67:7891( lekniW .S.W turuneM - isavitom aynrasad adap ,)77

:kutnu isgnuf iaynupmem rajaleb


71

)1 aynidajret igab nikgnum lamitpoes gnay isidnok nakaideyneM

.rajaleb nataigek

)2 .awsis rajaleb tagnames naktaiggneM

)3 norodnem uata awsis rajaleb tanim haguggneM kutnu awsis g

.rajaleb

)4 .kadnitreb kutnu awsis igab kiabret hara nakirebmeM

)5 kareggnep fitom iagabes uata taubreb kutnu awsis gnorodneM

.igrene naksapelem gnay

)6 .iapacid kadneh gnay naujut hara ek nataubrep hara nakutneneM

)7 nataubrep iskeleyneM - gnay nataubrep aynmulebes nakukalid halet

gnajnunem tapad raga ikiabrepmem kutnu ahasureb nad

rajaleb malad awsis nalisahrebek

.b rajaleB isavitoM kutneB

M 491:4002( lekniW .S.W turune sata igabret rajaleb isavitom ,)

:utiay ,kutneb aud

)1 naksuretid nad ialumid rajaleb sativitka utiay ,kisnirtske isavitoM

kaltum araces kadit gnay nagnorod nad nahutubek nakrasadreb

kutneb gnologret gnaY .iridnes rajaleb sativitka nagned natiakreb

ijawek ihunemem imed rajaleb :nial aratna ,kisnirtske isavitom ,nab

imed rajaleb ,nakmacnaid gnay namukuh iradnihgnem imed rajaleb

imed rajaleb ,nakijnajid gnay lairetam haidah helorepmem

irad naijup helorepmem imed rajaleb ,laisos isgneg naktakgninem

imed rajaleb nad )autgnaro nad urug :aynlasim( gnitnep gnay gnaro


81

t nataraysrep ihunemem imed uata gnagepid nigni gnay natutnu

.fitartsinimda nagnolog/gnajnej nakianek

)2 naksuretid nad ialumid rajaleb nataigek utiay ,kisnirtni isavitoM

kaltum araces gnay nagnorod nad nahutubek utaus nakrasadreb

leb sativitka nagned natiakreb .uti raja D rajaleb sesorp malad i

irad tahilid tapad kisnirtni isavitom ikilimem gnay awsis rajagnem

sagut nakajregnem malad nuket gnay aynnataigek - ,rajaleb sagut

natilusek ipadahgnem malad aynnateluek - ,rajaleb malad natilusek

raseb gnay tanim nakkujnunem halasam ipadahgnem malad -

nasob tapec ,iridnam ajrekeb gnanes ,asawed gnaro halasam

sagut nagned - naknahatrepmem tapad ,notonom gnay sagut

uata nahalasamrep nakhacemem nad iracnem gnanes ,ayntapadnep

laos - .narajalep ukub malad laos

.c M gnay awsiS kitsiretkaraK isavitoM ihuragnepme

( nworB turuneM gnay awsis kitsiretkarak ,)88:6991,normI

:nial aratna ,rajaleb isavitom ihuragnepmem

)1 huca pakisreb uata icnebmem kadit aynitra ,urug adapek kiratreT

.huca kat

)2 .nakrajaid gnay narajalep atam adap kiratreT

)3 isutna iaynupmeM aynnaitahrep nakiladnegnem atres iggnit gnay sa

.urug adap amaturet

)4 .salek malad id gnubagreb ulales nignI

)5 .nial gnaro helo iukaid aynirid satitnedi nignI


91

)6 .irid lortnok malad ulales aynlarom nad naasaibek ,nakadniT

)7 ajalepmem nad narajalep tagnignem ulaleS .ilabmek aynir

)8 .aynnagnukgnil helo lortnokret ulaleS

turunem rajaleb isavitom ihuragnepmem gnay awsis kitsiretkaraK

:)88:6991 ,normI ilA( tukireb iagabes namidraS

)1 sagut ipadahgnem malad nukeT

)2 tapec kadit ,asa sutup hadum kadit nad natilusek ipadahgnem telU

aynisatserp sata saup

)3 macamreb padahret raseb gnay tanim nakkujnuneM - halasam macam

rajaleb

)4 iridnes ajrekeb akus hibeL

)5 satinitur nagned nasob tapec kadiT

)6 ayntapadnep naknahatrepmem tapaD

)7 ayninikayid gnay apa naksapelem hadum kadiT

)8 acemem nad iracnem gnaneS halasam nakh

08:9991( onoijduM turuneM - malad amatu nenopmok agit ada ,)18

:utiay ,rajaleb isavitom

)1 nagnabmieskaditek ada asarem udividni alib idajret gnay nahutubeK

.nakparah ai nad ikilim ai gnay apa aratna

)2 neiroreb gnay latnem nataukek nakapurem nagnoroD adap isat

.naujut naiapacnep uata naparah nahunemep

)3 .awsis gnaroes helo iapacid nigni gnay lah halada naujuT


02

naveleR gnay aynmulebeS naitileneP lisaH naijaK .B

.1 malad okimtajuS iduB sunitnerolF nakukalid gnay naitileneP

netalK kilotaK KMS id aynnaitilenep aratna nagnubuH“ luduj nagned

nagned uruG nagnibmiB nad ,nameT nagnukuD ,rajaleB isavitoM

naktapadnem tubesret naitilenep lisah iraD .”isnatnukA rajaleB isatserP

:lisah

.a nakifingis nad fitisop nagnubuh iaynupmem awsis rajaleb isavitoM

isatserp nagned .awsis rajaleb

.b nagned nakifingis nad fitisop nagnubuh iaynupmem namet nagnukuD

.awsis rajaleb isatserp

.c nagned nakigingis nad fitisop nagnubuh iaynupmem urug nagnibmiB

.awsis rajaleb isatserp

.d iaynupmem urug nagnibmib nad ,namet nagnukud ,rajaleb isavitoM

uh .awsis rajaleb isatserp nagned nakifingis nad fitisop nagnub

.2 AMS id aynnaitilenep malad itnasuS iluY iwD nakukalid gnay naitileneP

awsiS ispesreP aratna nagnubuH“ luduj nagned atrakaygoY AMAG

leB isavitoM ,awsiS nilpisiD ,uruG rajagneM ayaG isairaV gnatneT raja

iraD .”isatnukA rajaleB isatserP nagned awsiS rajaleB satilisaF nad ,awsiS

:lisah naktapadnem tubesret naitilenep lisah

.a isairav gnatnet awsis ispesrep aratna hamel gnay nagnubuh tapadreT

.isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned urug rajagnem ayag

.b h tapadreT isatserp nagned awsis nilpisid aratna tauk gnay nagnubu

.isnatnuka rajaleb


12

.c awsis rajaleb isavitom aratna tauk pukuc gnay nagnubuh tapadreT

.isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned

.d awsis rajaleb satilisaf aratna tauk pukuc gnay nagnubuh tapadreT

b isatserp nagned .isnatnuka rajale

.C rikipreB akgnareK

.1 naitahrep aratna nagnubuH rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug

isnatnuka

ukal hakgnit paites nakitahrepmem ulales aynkadneh urug gnaroeS

utiay ,naujut utaus naiapacnep malad isaulave idajnem kutnu awsis

halaS .isatserp awsis naknigniid tagnas gnay urug naitahrep kutneb utas

.rajaleb nagnibmib halada

dirum utnabmem halada mumu araces rajaleb nagnibmib naujuT

aggnihes ,rajaleb isautis malad id kiab gnay naiauseynep tapadnem raga

neisife nagned rajaleb tapad dirum paites gnay naupmamek nagned iauses

.lamitpo gnay nagnabmekrep iapacnem nad ,aynikilimid

urug irad nagnibmib tapadnem isnatnuka rajaleb akitek gnay awsiS

nad nakitahrepid asarem anerak gnanes asarem awsis ,aynisnatnuka

snatnuka narajalep itukignem malad tagnames nagnibmib sesorp malaD .i

salej muleb uata laos nakajregnem malad asib kadit awsis akitek ,rajaleb

adapek nakaynanem gnusgnal naka tubesret awsis ,iretam utas ianegnem

irad ayacrep gnilas asar aynada nakbabesid ini laH .aynisnatnuka urug

dapek urug gnaroes awsis akiteK .aynurug adapek dirum nad ayndirum a

naupmamek takgnit ianegnem itregnem naka urug ,urug gnibmibid ulales


22

aggnihes ,maladnem araces iretam imahamem tapad aguj awsis nad awsis

nagnubuh ada naikimed nagneD .iggnit idajnem naka awsis isatserp

tna .awsis rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep ara

.2 isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuH

gnay utauses alages iagabes nakitraid tapad rajaleb satilisaF

nataigek nakukalem kutnu gnaroeses racnalrepmem nad nakhadumem

.naksaumem gnay rajaleb naujut ayniapacret imed kiab nagned rajaleb

rajaleb sesorp akam pakgnel rajaleb satilisaf ikilimem halokes akiJ

awsiS .rajaleb naujut ayniapacret aggnihes kiab nad racnal nalajreb naka

gnukudid akij rajaleb malad tagnames hibel naka rajaleb satilisaf helo

,narajalep iretam iracnem ,ketkarp nakukalem kutnu pakgnel gnay

naka awsis najalebmep aidem nagned ,sagut naajregnep malad utnabmem

satilisaf akij numaN .ayniagabes nial nad ,iretam imahamem tapec hibel

b pakgnel kadit rajaleb kutnu kutnu salam naka awsis ,ada kadit nakha

tapad ,naikimed nagneD .nurunem naka rajaleb isatserp aggnihes rajaleb

isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuh ada awhab naklupmisid

.isnatnuka rajaleb

.3 serp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuH rajaleb isat

isnatnuka

id sikisp kareggnep ayad nahurulesek nakapurem rajaleb isavitoM

,rajagnem rajaleb nanigniek naklubminem gnay awsis irid malad

nataigek adap hara nakirebmem nad rajaleb nagnusgnalek nimajnem

( naujut utaus ayniapacret imed uti rajaleb .)961:4002 ,lekniW S.W


32

naka ai ,isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom ikilimem gnay awsis gnaroeS

nigni ulales kutnu gnorodret nad isnatnuka narajalep atam ignaneynem

gnay utauses iracnem kutnu ahasureb naka tubesret awsis aggnihes ,uhat

am ianegnem iuhatek ai muleb .isnatnuka iret

D nagne aynada isavitom , kutnu gnorodret naka awsis naktapadnem

hibel rajaleb kutnu gnorodret naka awsis aggnihes lamiskam rajaleb lisah

nijar rajaleb gnay awsiS . nijar kiab hibel aynrajaleb isatserp utnet adapirad

r rajaleb kadit gnay awsis nija . awhab naklupmisid tapad naikimed nagneD

ada ed isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh rajaleb isatserp nagn

.isnatnuka

.4 aratna nagnubuH naitahrep nad rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug

amasreb araces isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom - isatserp nagned amas

awsis rajaleb

gnay nataigek nakapurem rajaleb nataigeK malad kokop gnilap

.nakididnep sesorp B ynkadit lisahre nakididnep naujut naiapacnep a

adap gnutnagret rajaleb sesorp gnusgnalreb gnay .awsis helo imalaid gnay

nakutnenem malad gnitnep narepreb urug ,narajalebmep sesorp malaD

kana gnibmibmem malad uruG .nakididnep naujut aynkadit lisahreb

naka awsiS .rajaleb malad awsis natilusek utnabmem tagnas naka aynkidid

.rajaleb malad taig hibel nad nakitahrepid asarem

raS malad gnukudnem tagnas aguj halokes id anarasarp nad ana

,iretam naktapadnem utnabmem tapad pakgnel satilisaF .rajaleb sesorp

aggnihes ,narajalebmep aidem ,ketkarp nakukalem ,sagut nakiaseleynem


42

et awsis akiteK .rajaleb malad namayn hibel asarem naka awsis uttanr

nagned gnabmekreb ulales nigni kutnu asarem naka awsis ,rajaleb malad

.iggnit idajnem naka rajaleb isatserp aggnihes aidesret halet gnay satilisaf

malad gnukudnep utas halas nakapurem aguj rajaleb isavitoM

.isatserp naiapacnep ay awsis gnaroeS rajaleb isavitom iaynupmem gn

.iggnit aguj rajaleb isatserp akam iggnit gnay ikilimem gnay awsis aneraK

iretam aggnihes nuket rajaleb naka ai ,iggnit isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom

.iggnit naka rajaleb lisah nad iasaukid narajalep

p iraD d ,sataid nasalejne ada awhab naklupmisid tapa nagnubuh

,isnatnuka urug nagnibmib aratna ihuragnepmem gnilas gnay satilisaf

nad rajaleb isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom nagned .isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp

.D sisetopiH nasumureP

.1 aratna nagnubuh adA naitahrep atserp nagned isnatnuka urug rajaleb is

isnatnuka

.2 isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuh adA

.3 rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh adA

isnatnuka

.4 nadrajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh adA

isavitom isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb


52

III BAB

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

susak iduts naitileneP .susak iduts halada nakukalid gnay naitileneP sineJ

utiay kejbus anamid utnetret kejbus gnatnet naitilenep sinej akam satabret tubesret

itiletid gnay kejbus adap satabret ukalreb aynah helorepid gnay nalupmisek .

.B naitileneP utkaW nad tapmeT

.1 id nakukalid ini naitilenep :naitileneP tapmeT ,uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS

.lutnaB

.2 utkaW 2102 ieM 32 :naitileneP

.C nad kejbuS naitileneP kejbO

.1 kejbuS naitileneP

itiletid gnay kejbuS awsis halada - salek iwsis XI laisoS umlI AMS idugnaP

.lutnaB ,uyadeS ruhuL

.2 kejbO naitileneP

malad naaracibmep kokop idajnem gnay utauses halada naitilenep kejbO

halada naitilenep kejbo idajnem gnay ,ini lah malaD .naitilenep urug nagnibmib

isatserp nad isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom ,halokes id rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka

.isnatnuka rajaleb


62

.D salupoP lepmaS nad i

.1 isalupoP

,otnukirA imisrahuS( naitilenep kejbus nahurulesek halada isalupoP

awsis halada aynisalupop ini naitilenep malaD .)801:2002 - umlI IX salek iwsis

.lutnaB ,uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS laisoS

.2 lepmaS

isalupop likaw uata naigabes halada lepmaS ,otnukirA( itiletid gnay

.)901:2002 .gnilpmas evisopruP nagned nakukalid lepmas nalibmagnep kinkeT

edotem nakanuggnem siluneP lepmas nemele paites raga nasala nagned ini

gnay naialinep utiay nakparahid gnay naujut iauses ajagnes araces hilipid tapad

ilem itup rajaleb isavitom ,halokes id rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep

.isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nad isnatnuka

.E narukugneP nad naitileneP lebairaV

halada sabeb lebairav idajnem gnay ini naitilenep malaD aitahrep urug n

,isnatnuka nad halokes id rajaleb satilisaf isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom lebairav nakgnades ,

.isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp halada takiret

.1 lebairaV narukugneP

.a sabeB lebairaV naitahrep( ,isnatnuka urug ,halokes id rajaleb satilisaf

isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom )

lebairaV itahrep ,isnatnuka urug na nad ,halokes id rajaleb satilisaf

,isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom kuid alaks nakanuggnem nagned ru .trekiL

.renoiseuk adap roks nakirebmem kutnu trekiL alaks nakanuggnem itileneP

aynrep utiay ,nakanugid gnay naataynrep irogetak aud adA nad fitisop naat


72

fitagen naataynrep . naataynrep ialinem kutnu nakanugid gnay rokS -

: halada tubesret naataynrep

1.3 lebaT renoiseuK naataynreP rokS

naataynreP rokS

tagnaS/ulaleSiadameM

rokS pukuC/gnir

iadameM

gnadaK rokS -tikideS/gnadak

kadiT rokS tagnaS/hanreP

gnaruK

naataynrePfitisoP 4 3 2 1

nataaynrePfitageN 1 2 3 4

.b )isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp( takireT lebairaV

atar ialin irad rukuid rajaleb isatserP - nairah nagnalu atar narajalep atam

awsis isnatnuka - salek iwsis IX umlI laisoS .I retsemeS

.2 lebairaV nagnuredneceK nautneneP

nagned ialinid takiret nad sabeb lebairav padahret nagnurednecek nautneneP

PAP nakanuggnem nagned naialineP .II epit )PAP( nakotap nauca naialinep

:tukireb iagabes II epit

II nakotaP naucA naialineP 2.3 lebaT

takgniT isnetepmoK naasaugneP lebairaV nagnuredneceK irogetaK

%18 - %001 iggnit tagnaS

%66 - %08 iggniT

%65 - %56 pukuC

%64 - %55 hadneR

%64 hawab id hadner tagnaS


82

.3 lebairaV rotakidnI

3.3 lebaT rotakidnI lebairaV

isnemiD rotakidnI ritub romoN

fitisoP fitageN

naitahreP uruG

.1 malad natilusek gnoloneMrajaleb

,2 ,1 4 ,3

.2 nakaideynem naalereKgnibmibmem kutnu utkaw

8 ,6 ,5 7

.3 adapek urug naayacrepeKawsis

10 9

satilisaFrajaleB

.1 narajalebmeP aideM 31 ,11 1 , 4 21 1 , 5

.2 talA - tala narajalebmep 81 ,71,61 ,91

.3 anarasarP 22 ,02 2 , 3 21

isavitoM rajaleBisnatnukA

.1 itukignem nauameK narajalep

42 2 , 5

.2 iasaugnem nanignieK iretam

62 2 , 7

.3 kutnu ahasU isatserp naktakgninem

isnatnuka rajaleb

92 3 , 0 28

.4 malad nanuketeKsagut nakiaseleynem

23 3 , 3 31

.F ataD nalupmugneP edoteM

.1 renoiseuK

adapek renoiseuk nakirebmem nagned atad nalupmugnep edoteM

tafisreb renoiseuK .akubret nad pututret tafisreb ini renoiseuK .nednopser

satitnedi isignem kutnu atnimid nednopser ,akubret ,aynirid naadaek iauses

nabawaj irebmem atnimid nednopser ,pututret tafisreb renoiseuk nakgnades

.nakaidesid halet gnay nahilip nagned iauses


92

malad amatu tala nakapurem renoiseuk ,ini naitilenep malaD

f ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep nagnubuh atad naklupmugnem id rajaleb satilisa

.isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom nad halokes

.2 isatnemukoD

lah ianegnem atad iracnem utiay isatnemukoD - apureb gnay lebairav/lah

,reggnel ,tapar neluton ,itsasarp ,halajam ,rabak tarus ,ukub ,pirksnart ,natatac

ega A( ayniagabes nad ,adn nakanugid isatnemukod kinkeT .)602:2002 ,otnukir

kutnu silunep awsis isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp gnatnet atad iracnem - salek iwsis

.uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS I retsemeS laisoS umlI IX

.G nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT

nakanugid nemurtsni nadilavek iuhategnem kutnU :tukireb iagabes sisilana

.1 satidilaV sisilanA

halada satidilaV arat nemurtsni utaus anam id iapmas f a rukugnem upmam ap

( rukuid aynsurahes gnay )242:5991,ojdisaM dilav nakatakid nemurtsni utauS .

pakgnugnem tapad nad naknigniid gnay apa rukugnem upmam alibapa atad

naijugneP .)441 : 2002 ,otnukirA( tapet araces itiletid gnay lebairav irad

gnay tnemom tcudorp isalerok sumur nakanuggnem ini naitilenep satidilav

:tukireb iagabes )641 : 2002 ,otnukirA( nosraeP lraK nakakumekid

𝑟 𝑦𝑥 =𝑁 ∑ 𝑦𝑥 − (∑ 𝑋)(∑ 𝑌)

�{𝑁 ∑ 𝑋2 − (∑ 𝑋2)} {𝑁 ∑ 𝑌2 − (∑ 𝑌2)}�

:nagnareteK

𝑟 𝑦𝑥 = skedni isalerok


03

meti pait latot roks = X

meti latot irad latot roks = Y

lepmas halmuj = N

renoiseuk hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid satidilav naijugneP

tala iagabes renoiseuK .naitilenep iakapid kutnu kadit uata kayal iakapid gnay

kutnu aynnadilavek ijuid ulrep akam ,ini naitilenep malad amatu iju

amrecek nad natapetek anam huajes nakkujnunem malad ruku tala utaus nat

.aynruku isgnuf nakukalem

farat nakanuggnem nagned nakgnutihrepid tapad r aynraseB

nakkujnunem nagnutihrep lisah alibapA .%5 isnakifingis r tih r lebat , akam

r nakkujnunem nagnutihrep lisah alibapa nakgnadeS .dilav tubesret meti tih r

lebat .dilav kadit nakataynid tubesret meti akam ,

4.3 lebaT

urug naitahreP nemurtsnI satidilaV ijU lisaH

oN gnutih r lebat r sisilanA lisaH

1 5465,0 0163,0 dilaV

2 0445,0 0163,0 dilaV

3 2383,0 0163,0 dilaV

4 8595,0 0163,0 dilaV

5 0668,0 0163,0 dilaV

6 7045,0 0163,0 dilaV

7 2907,0 0163,0 dilaV

8 2084,0 0163,0 dilaV

9 3305,0 0163,0 dilaV

01 5390,0 0163,0 dilav kadiT

11 6555,0 0163,0 dilaV


13

iraD 01 romon meti iuhatekid tapad sata id lebat adap ,satidilav iju

.naitilenep kutnu nakanugid kadit nad dilav kadit

5.3 lebaT

rajaleB satilisaF nemurtsnI satidilaV ijU lisaH


21 3086,0 0163,0 dilaV

31 6396,0 0163,0 dilaV

41 3086,0 0163,0 dilaV

51 1217,0 0163,0 dilaV

61 1186,0 0163,0 dilaV

71 3086,0 0163,0 dilaV

81 4834,0 0163,0 dilaV

91 5594,0 0163,0 dilaV

02 1217,0 0163,0 dilaV

12 1186,0 0163,0 dilaV

22 5576,0 0163,0 dilaV

32 7883,0 0163,0 dilaV

42 8315,0 0163,0 dilaV

6.3 lebaT

rajaleB isavitoM nemurtsnI satidilaV ijU lisaH


52 9014,0 0163,0 dilaV

62 5344,0 0163,0 dilaV

72 6084,0 0163,0 dilaV

82 7195,0 0163,0 dilaV

92 5706,0 0163,0 dilaV

03 8456,0 0163,0 dilaV


23

13 2204,0 0163,0 dilaV

23 3746,0 0163,0 dilaV

33 7536,0 0163,0 dilaV

43 5416,0 0163,0 dilaV

.2 satilibaeR sisilanA

ilak aparebeb nakanugid alib gnay nemurtsni halada lebailer gnay nemurtsnI

amas gnay atad naklisahgnem naka amas gnay kejbo rukugnem kutnu

.)563:0102,onoyiguS( utauses awhab naitregnep utas adap kujnunem satilibaeR

atad lupmugnep tala iagabes nakanugid kutnu ayacrepid tapad pukuc nemurtsni

ayacrepid tapad hadus gnay nemurtsnI .kiab hadus tubesret nemurtsni anerak

ad gnay atad naklisahgnem naka .)451 : 2002 ,otnukirA( aguj ayacrepid tap

: 9891 ,otnukirA( ahplA sumur nakanuggnem ijuid renoiseuk satilibaer takgniT

:sumur nagned )561

𝑟 11 = �𝑘

𝑘 − 1� �1 −

∑ 𝜎 𝑏2

𝜎 𝑡2 �

:nagnareteK

𝑟 11 = satilibilaeR nemurtsnI

𝑘 = aynkaynab ritub ynatrep naa uata aynkaynab laos

� 𝜎𝑏2 = halmuj snairav ritub

𝜎𝑡2 latot snairav =

.%5 isnakifingis farat nakanuggnem nagned gnutihid tapad r ialin aynraseB

.lebailer tubesret lebairav akam ,lebat r > r nad fitisop ahpla r akiJ


33

gnutihid satilibaer iju lisaH tubesret sisilana lisah iraD .SSPS margorp nagned

:ini hawabid lebat adap itrepes satilibaer lisah helorepid

7.3 lebaT

nemurtsnI satilibaeR ijU lisaH

lebairaV ahplA neisifeoK lebat r nagnareteK

uruG naitahreP 4338,0 0163,0 lebaileR

rajaleB satilisaF 4998,0 0163,0 lebaileR

rajaleB isavitoM 3548,0 0163,0 lebaileR

,naitilenep lebairav naladnahretek nakutnenem kutnu namodep iagabeS

:)761:9891 ,otnukirA( tukireb iagabes r ialin isaterpetni nakanugid

8.3 lebaT

naitilenep lebairav naladnahretek takgniT

oN ahplA neisifeoK naladnahreteK takgniT

1 008,0 - 000,1 iggnit tagnaS

2 006,0 - 997,0 iggniT

3 004,0 - 995,0 pukuC

4 002,0 - 993,0 hadneR

5 002,0 < hadneR tagnaS

satilibaer naijugnep lisah awhab naklupmisid tapad tubesret lebat iraD

satilisaf ,urug naitahrep aynnaladnahretek takgnit rajaleb isavitom nad rajaleb

.iggnit tagnas


43

.H ataD sisilanA kinkeT

.1 satilamroN ijU

alajeg iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid satilamron ijU - itiletid gnay alajeg

satilamron ijU .kadit uata lamron gnay atad narabes iaynupmem hakapa

kanuggnem sumur na enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - .vonrimS )63:2002 ,ilazohG(

:utiay

)iX( oF[ xaM = D – ] )iX( nS

:nagnareteK

D mumiskam isaiveD =

)iX( oF nakutnetid gnay fitalumuk isneukerf isubirtsid isgnuF =

isavresboid gnay fitalumuk isneukerf isubirtsid isgnuF =)iX( nS

farat irad raseb hibel ).gis( satilibaborp ialin akij naamirenep airetirK

licek hibel ).gis( satilibaborp ialin akij ,lamron atad isubirtsid akam %5 atayn

.lamron kadit atad isubirtsid akam %5 atayn farat irad

.2 sisetopiH naijugneP

.a sisetopiH nasumuR

)1 isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug naitrahrep aratna nagnubuH

nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nakifingis nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH

isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp

nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nakifingis nagnubuh adA = aH



53

)2 rajaleb isatserp nagned halokes id rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuH

isnatnuka

halokes id rajaleb satilisaf aratna nakifingis nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH

nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp

nagned halokes id rajaleb satilisaf aratna nakifingis nagnubuh adA = aH


)3 rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuH

isnatnuka

uka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH isatserp nagned isnatn

isnatnuka rajaleb

isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh adA = aH

.isnatnuka rajaleb

.b sisetopiH naijugneP

gnay ayntujnales hakgnal ,sisilana taraysarp iju nakukalem haleteS

pih naijugnep nakukalem halada nakukalid uata ada nakutnenem kutnU .siseto

tahilem nagned nakukalid hibel uata lebairav aud aratna nagnubuh aynkadit

neisifeoK .aynnagnubuh iracid naka gnay lebairav ratna isalerok neisifeok

ratna nagnubuh ayntauk nad hara nakkujnunem gnay akgna nakapurem isalerok

.)422:0102 ,onoyiguS( hibel uata lebairav aud

alibapa fitisop gnay nagnubuh ikilimem nakatakid hibel uata lebairav auD

,nial gnay lebairav naktakgninem naka akam ,naktakgnitid lebairav utaus ialin

aka akam naknurutid lebairav utas ialin alib aynkilabes nad ialin naknurunem n

.nial gnay lebairav ,fitagen nagnubuh ikilimemnakatakid hibel uata lebairav auD


63

nial gnay lebairav ialin naknurunem naka akam nakkianid lebairav utas ialin alib

nakkianem naka akam naknurutid lebairav utas ialin alib aynkilabes aguj nad

n .)522:0102 ,onoyiguS( nial gnay lebairav iali

.isalerok neisifeok malad nakataynid lebairav ratna nagnubuh ayntauK

isalerok neisifeok padahret isaterpetni nakirebmem kutnu namodep nautneteK

:)132:0102 ,onoyiguS( tukireb iagabes

.3 lebaT 9 kutnU namodeP . neisifeoK padahreT isaterpretnI nakirebmeM

isaleroK

neisifeoK lavretnI nagnubuH takgniT

00,0 – 991,0 hadner tagnaS

02,0 – 993,0 hadneR

04,0 – 995,0 gnadeS

06,0 – 997,0 tauK

08,0 – 000,1 tauk tagnaS

nad audek ,amatrep sisetopih adap ada gnay nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnU

halokes id satilisaf ,)1X( isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh utiay agitek

)Y( isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned )3X( isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom nad ,)2X(

sisilana nakanugid naka isalerok tnemoM tcudorP halada aynsumur nupada

:)822:8002 ,onoyiguS( tukireb iagabes

𝑟𝑦𝑥 =

𝑁 ∑ 𝑋𝑖𝑌−�∑ 𝑋𝑖�(∑ 𝑌)

��𝑁 ∑ 𝑋𝑖2−�𝑋𝑖�

2��𝑁 ∑ 𝑌𝑖

2−�𝑌𝑖�2

�


73

𝑟 𝑦𝑥 = neisi�eoK isalerok aratna aud lebairav gnay nakisalerokid

� 𝑥 = halmuJ x

� 𝑦 = halmuJ y lepmas halmuj = N

kutnU t aratna nakgnidnabid akam isalerok neisifeok naitrarebek naijugnep

n = bd nagned %5 = α isnakifingis farat nagned lebat t nagned gnutih - 2

.)032:8002 ,onoyiguS(

𝑡 =𝑟√𝑛 − 2√1 − 𝑟2

:nagnareteK

isalerok neisifeok = r

lepmas halmuj = n

naka sisetopih :utiay ,sisetopih kalonem uata amirenem kutnu airetirK

t akiJ alibapa amiretid gnutih t ≥ ,lebat naka sisetopih aynkilabes aguj naikimed

t alibapa kalotid gnutih t ≤ lebat n( = )kd( nasabebek tajared nagned - .)2

pih bawajnem kutnu nakgnadeS aratna nagnubuh utiay tapmeek siseto

)3X( isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom nad ,)2X( rajaleb satilisaf ,)1X( urug naitahrep

amasreb araces - nakanugid naka )Y( isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned amas

anerak adnag iserger sisilana nakanuggneM .adnag iserger sisilana lebairav

nednepedni lebairav akiJ .)002:7991 ,onoyiguS( aud irad hibel nednepedni

.adnag isalerok nakanuggnem aud irad gnaruk

:rotkiderp agit kutnu iserger naamasreP

𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏1𝑋1 + 𝑏2𝑋2 + 𝑏3𝑥3


83

R hakapa iuhategnem kutnU )3,2,1(yx it uata nakifingis tubesret akam kad

,iserger F agrah nakumetid naka iserger sisilana iraD .iserger sisilana nakanugid

sumuR .kadit uata nakifingis tubesret agrah hakapa ,iju atik tapad naidumek gnay

:tukireb iagabes nalada iserger F

𝐹 𝑔𝑒𝑟 =𝑅2(𝑁 − 𝑚 − 1)

𝑚(1 − 𝑅2)

:nagnareteK

F ger = iserger sirag F agraH

𝑅2 adnag isalerok neisifeoK =

sabeb lebairav halmuJ = m

lepmas atoggna halmuJ = n

nagned amas nasabebek tajared nagned nakisatlusnokid ayntujnales F agraH

N nawal m -m- F agrah alibapA .%5 isnakifingis farat adap 1 gnutih hibel uata raseb

F nagned amas lebat gnay nagnubuh aynada nakkujnunem isalerok neisifeok akam ,

nakgnadeS .takiret lebairav nagned sabeb lebairav aratna nakifingis nad fitisop

F alibapa gnutih F agrah nagned nakgnidnabid licek hibel lebat neisifeok itrareb ,

salerok nakifingis nad fitisop gnay nagnubuh aynada nakkujnunem kadit ayni

takiret lebairav nagned sabeb lebairav aratna


93

VI BAB

MUMU NARABMAG

.A uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS harajeS

halada XI esiuol tS ,uyadeS XI siuoL .tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS takgnis harajeS

nagned taykar hatniremem aI .anaskajib nad ,lida ,itah harum gnay ajar gnaroes

nakparenem nad ,hisak saleb ,anaskajib ,saget pisnirp - ai ,itajes inaitsirk pisnirp

kiabaret nad niksim gnay nakragnednem .nakididnep nakujamem atres na

7691 nuhat rihka adap ,tubesret halokes gnudnilep aman nagned naanekreB

,uyadeS ajereg nawed nagned amasajrekeb kilohtak adumep hokot aparebeb

m lutnaB halokes nasulul arap igab natujnal halokes nairidnep nakanacnere

sesorp halialumid 8691 nuhat iraunaj nalub naidumek ,amatrep hagnenem

nakididneP halokeS( GPS nagned aman irebid nad tubesret nasitnir narajalebmep

rasadreb utkaw nanalajrep malad nad ,)uruG nad nakididnep iretnem irad tarus

nakididneP halokeS( GPS imser araces 9891/stpk/h/311/430.oN naayadubek

sesorp kutnu nad ,)satA hagneneM halokeS( AMS idajnem itnagreb uruG

aynnemejanam .ruhuL idugnaP nasayaY hawabid

erka naialinep metsis nagned 5002 nuhaT .tS ruhulidugnaP AMS ,urab gnay isatid

aktapadnem XI esiuol .gnarakes aggnih A satiderka n

uyadeS XI esiuoL.tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS helo ikilimid gnay susuhk iriC

: tukireb iagabes halada


04

.1 ay namireb tamu satinumok iagabes halokes ,kilohtak sahk iricreb halokeS gn

irahes naluagrep atat malad naanaskajibek ,nanamiek nakdujuwem - .irah

.2 iric nagned iauses ,halokes hor nakapurem )itajes naaraduasrep( doohrehtorB

.ini halokes irad moyagnep ukales CIF redurB arap irad sahk

.3 lekid gnay )loohcs gnidraoB( amarsareb halokeS nad nawaraib arap helo alo

suigiler gnay amarsareb pudih malad naanibmeP .ajereg itawaraib

halokes halokes nagned adebreb halokes napudihek igab asnaun nakirebmem

.nial

.B isiV , isiM naujuT nad uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS

XI siuoL .tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS isiV uyadeS

ruhulidugnaP nasayaY helo naksiragid gnay isiv nagned nalajes halokes isiV

:tukireb iagabes

.1 adap tasupreb gnay nami satinumok nakapurem ruhuL idugnaP nasayaY

,naartimek ,itajes naaraduasrep tagnames nagned iadnatid ,sutsirK suseY

ayrak gnuggnanem nad ,isakinumok nakgnabmegnem.amasreb nasuturep

.hamel gnay adapek kahipreb

.2 kutnu adum muak gnipmadnep agabmel nakapurem ruhuL idugnaP nasayaY

,namireb ,iggnit satilaukreb gnay idabirp gnaroes idajnem gnabmekreb

.ruhul itrekep idubreb nad katawreb


14

MS isiM uyadeS XI siuoL.tS ruhuL idugnaP A

.1 lanoiseforp nad ,satilaukreb ,fitkefe gnay narajalebmep nakaraggneleyneM

.2 isnatnuka nad retupmok ,asahab nalipmartek nakgnabmegneM

.3 idubreb gnay kidid atresep nakatpicnem kutnu fisudnok anasaus nakatpicneM

ruhul

.4 aggneleyneM nagned lebatnuka nad narapsnart ,amirp nanayalep nakar

.nagnarukekreb nad niksim gnay inayalem tagnames

.5 ayadub tasup iagabes halokes nakgnabmegneM

:uyadeS XI esiuoL .tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS naujuT

.1 gniasreb upmam aynnasulul aggnihes ,iggnit pukuc nasulul utuM malad

.ajrek ainud ek nupuam iggnit nakididnep ek naktujnalem

.2 takaraysam padahret ,nakididnepek aganet nanayalep naradasek iggnit pukuC

.uyadeS XI esiuoL .tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS nakididnep asaj anuggnep

.3 idugnaP AMS awsis autgnaro atres narep iggnit pukuC XI esiuoL .tS ruhuL

.uyadeS

.4 .rajagnem rajaleb nataigek satifitkefe nad isneisife natakgninep ayniapacreT

.5 XI esiuoL.tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS nasulul utum nakianek ayniapacreT

.uyadeS

.6 .ruhul itrekep idub natakgninep ayniapacreT


24

.7 natakgninep ayniapacreT nad rajagnem rajaleb nataigek anarasarp/anaras

.halokes agraw naarethajesek natakgninep

.C uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS ogoL

nagnunuG : irid nahareynep nakgnabmalem gnay ,awaj sahk asnauN adapnahuT kadnehek

bilaS : nakukalid gnay aumes naksadnalem halokeS naatirednep adapsuseY

italeM : irad rasad nakgnabmalem ,haub 5 italem halmuJalisacnap utiay halokes naaraggneleynep

ukuB : nauhategnep rebmus nad rikip halo tapmet iagabes halokeS urib anraW : isutitsni kiab aman gnujnujnem kimedaka sativic aumeS

harem anraW : nad hisak nakatrawem kutnu halokes agraw aumes nainarebeK nanupmagnep

nasameek anraW : halokes agraw aumes helo iapacid naka gnay ruhul itrekeP

.D uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS mulukiruK

metsis nakparenem XI siuoL .tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS narajalep atam tekap

gnisam - arap helo nakiaselesid surah gnay nasuruj nad salek gnajnej gnisam

kiausesid halet narajalep atam natauM .awsis mulukiruK isI radnatS nagned na

.lanoisaN


34

.tS ruhuL idugnaP AMS relukirukartskE/irid nagnabmegnep margorP

S XI siuoL uyade

nagnabmegnep anaras iagabes nakaraggnelesid relukirukartskE nataigeK

fitkefa kepsa - relukirukartske nataigeK .lamitpo araces awsis lanoisome

rinidrookid aynnaanaskalep malad nad naawsiseK kesakaw helo isanidrookid

wsiS .relukirukartske gnipmadnep helo itukignem nakbijawid IX nad X salek a

nad takab nagned iauses gnay relukirukartske nataigek macam utas laminim

.relukirukartske nataigek irad naksabebid IIX salek awsis kutnu naD .ayntanim

.E uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS nahitaL nad nakididneP satilisaF

.1 s gnudeG ipar nad hisreb gnay haloke

.2 iadamem gnay rajagnem rajaleb salek gnauR

.3 saul agar halo nagnapaL

.4 API muirotarobaL

.5 retupmoK muirotarobaL

.6 naakatsupreP

.7 saul nad hudet gnay asiM gnauR


44

.F awsiS isatserP - uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS iwsis

helorepid gnay isatserP awsis - XI siuoL .tS LP AMS iwsis amales uyadeS

0102 edoirep - : tukireb iagabes nial aratna itukiid hanrep gnay abmol malad 1102

ON ISATSERP ABMOL SINEJ ARAGGNELEYNEP TAKGNIT

1 II arauJ isatneserP abmoL ratna ladoM rasaP

YID es AMS atanaS satisrevinU amrahD isnivorP

2 III arauJ asahaB otadiPsirggnI K nad P saniD netapubaK

3 II arauJ haimlI naitilenePajameR K nad P saniD netapubaK

4 I arauJ ratna redaeL sreehCAMS abokraN itnA nadaB netapubaK

5 II arauJ N AMS( karpoteK

N KMS nad uyadeS)uyadeS

K nad P saniD netapubaK

6 I arauJ ecnaD K nad P saniD netapubaK

7 II arauJ ecnaD K nad P saniD netapubaK

8 I arauJ dnaB asgnaW satisrevinUatrakaygoY alaggnaM isniporP

9 II arauJ ratna redaeL sreehCAMS YJAU isniporP

01 III arauJ moP - ratna syob mopAMS YJAU isniporP

11 I arauJ laggnuT iynayNAMS ratna K nad P saniD netapubaK

21 II arauJ ratna araus naudaP AMS - KMS K nad P saniD netapubaK

31 III arauJ moP - ratna syob mopAMS YKF isniporP

41 III arauJ AMS RIK nad P saniD K netapubaK

51 III arauJ AMS RIK YJAU isniporP

61 I arauJ nalaJ kareG abmoL natamaceK


54

71 III arauJ xoB oiduA abmoL aimiK amiH isniporP

81 silaniF imonokE edaipmilO atrakaygoY DSU isniporP

91 I arauJ asahaB tabeD abmoLsirggnI YJAU isniporP

02 arauJI naparaH isarepoK abmoL lutnaB .baK FNMP saniD netapubaK

12 VI arauJ lastuF nemanruT YNU amIH isniporP

22 II arauJ aloB nemanruTteksaB lutnaB .baK FNMP saniD netapubaK

32 I arauJ sreehC isativnIredaeL

natamaceK anuraT gnaraKgnodnuP netapubaK

42 I arauJ sreehC isativnIredaeL kY airaM atnaS AMS isniporP

52 silaniF kajaP abmoL atrakaygoY kajaP rotnaK isniporP


64

V BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD SISILANA

.A ataD ispirkseD

atar agrah gnatnet sahabmem ini naitilenep malad atad ispirkseD - atar

ived radnats nad sudom ,naidem ,)naem( gnisam irad isa - lebairav gnisam

.1 isnatnukA uruG naitahreP

,isnatnuka urug naitahrep lebairav naitilenep kudni atad iraD

,04 = iggnitret roks ,12 = hadneret roks iuhatekid naem ,21,43 = naidem =

,43 sudom ,43 = isaived radnats isubirtsid nakijasid ini tukireB .314,3 =

natnuka urug naitahrep lebairav roks isneukerf :II epiT PAP nakrasadreb is

isnatnukA uruG naitahreP isneukerF isubirtsiD 1.5 lebaT

rokS isneukerF esatnesreP irogetaK

43 - 04 04 69,86 iggniT tagnaS

03 – 43 51 68,52 iggniT

72 – 03 2 44,3 iggniT pukuC

42 - 72 0 0 hadneR

42 > 1 27,1 hadneR tagnaS

halmuJ 85 % 001

lebairav gnatnet awsis ispesrep roks awhab nakkujnunem 1.5 lebaT

04 kaynabes iggnit tagnas nakirogetakid gnay isnatnuka urug naitahrep

,%68,52 uata awsis 51 kaynabes iggnit irogetak ,%69,86 uata awsis

dner irogetak ,%44,3 uata awsis 2 iggnit pukuc irogetak ,ada kaditha

awhab nakkujnunem ini laH .%27,1 uata awsis 1 hadner tagnas irogetak


74

malad SPI IX salek uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS isnatnuka urug naitahrep

.iggnit tagnas irogetak

.2 rajaleB satilisaF

uhatekid ,rajaleb satilisaf lebairav naitilenep kudni atad iraD roks i

,64 = iggnitret roks ,92= hadneret naem ,33,93 = naidem ,04 = sudom =

,73 isaived radnats roks isneukerf isubirtsid nakijasid ini tukireB .125,3 =

:II epiT PAP nakrasadreb isnatnuka urug naitahrep lebairav

satilisaF isneukerF isubirtsiD 2.5 lebaT rajaleB


54 – 25 3 71,5 iggniT tagnaS

93 – 54 23 71,55 iggniT

53 – 93 71 13,92 iggniT pukuC

13 – 53 5 26,8 hadneR


halmuJ 85 001

gnatnet awsis ispesrep roks awhab nakkujnunem 2.5 lebaT lebairav

uata awsis 3 kaynabes iggnit tagnas nakirogetakid gnay rajaleb satilisaf

pukuc irogetak ,%71,55 uata awsis 23 kaynabes iggnit irogetak ,%71,5

,%26,8 uata awsis 5 hadner irogetak ,%13,92 uata awsis 71 iggnit

7,1 uata awsis 1 hadner tagnas irogetak awhab nakkujnunem ini laH .%2

irogetak malad SPI IX salek uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS rajaleb satilisaf

.iggnit

.3 isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM

,isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom lebairav naitilenep kudni atad iraD

,83 = iggnitret roks ,91 = hadneret roks iuhatekid naem ,50,92 = naidem =


84

,92 sudom ,92 = isaived radnats isubirtsid nakijasid ini tukireB .600,4 =

:II epiT PAP nakrasadreb isnatnuka urug naitahrep lebairav roks isneukerf

isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM isneukerF isubirtsiD 3.5 lebaT

rokS isneukerF esatnesreP ogetaK ir

43 - 04 7 60,21 iggniT tagnaS

03 – 43 81 30,13 iggniT

72 – 03 91 57,23 iggniT pukuC

42 - 72 01 42,71 hadneR


halmuJ 85 001

lebairav gnatnet awsis ispesrep roks awhab nakkujnunem 3.5 lebaT

gnay isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom 7 kaynabes iggnit tagnas nakirogetakid

,%30,13 uata awsis 81 kaynabes iggnit irogetak ,%60,21 uata awsis

awsis 01 hadner irogetak ,%57,23 uata awsis 91 iggnit pukuc irogetak

ini laH .%98,6 uata awsis 4 hadner tagnas irogetak ,%42,71 uata

awhab nakkujnunem ruhuL idugnaP AMS isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom

.iggnit pukuc irogetak malad SPI IX salek uyadeS

.4 isnatnukA rajaleB isatserP

,isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp lebairav naitilenep kudni atad iraD

,5,39 = iggnitret roks ,8,54 = hadneret roks iuhatekid naem ,08 = naidem

,9,08 = sudom ,1,38 = isaived radnats nakijasid ini tukireB .3895,9 =

nakrasadreb isnatnuka urug naitahrep lebairav roks isneukerf isubirtsid

:II epiT PAP


94

isnatnukA rajaleB isatserP isneukerF isubirtsiD 4.5 lebaT


18 - 001 92 05 iggniT tagnaS

66 – 99,08 42 73,14 iggniT

65 – 99,56 4 88,6 iggniT pukuC

64 – 99,55 0 0 hadneR

0 – 99,54 1 27,1 hadneR tagnaS

halmuJ 85 001

gnay isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp awhab nakkujnunem 4.5 lebaT

kaynabes iggnit tagnas nakirogetakid iggnit irogetak ,%05 uata awsis 92

uata awsis 4 iggnit pukuc irogetak ,%73,14 uata awsis 42 kaynabes

uata awsis 1 hadner tagnas irogetak ,ada kadithadner irogetak ,%88,6

AMS isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp awhab nakkujnunem ini laH .%27,1

k uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP .iggnit tagnas irogetak malad SPI IX sale

.B ataD sisilanA

sabeb lebairav aratna nagnubuh iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid atad sisilanA

nalupmisek raga nakukalid ini atad sisilana naijugneP .takiret lebairav nagned

nsurahes gnay irad gnapmiynem kadit amiretid gnay ini naijugnep malaD .ay

satilamron iju nakanugrepid laudiser .

.1 sisilanA taraysarP naijugneP

vonrimS vorogomloK satilamroN ijU

isubirtsid hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid satilamron ijU

ini naitilenep malad satilamron ijU .kadit uata lamron laudiser

vorogomloK sumur nakanuggnem - upmok nautnab nagned vonrimS ret


05

5,11 SSPS margorp iagabes tahilid tapad satilamron iju irad namukgnaR .

:tukireb

satilamroN ijU lisaH 5.5 lebaT enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS

1X 2X 3X N 85 85 85

lamroN)b,a(sretemaraP

naeM 21,43 33,93 50,92

noitaiveD .dtS 41521214,3 55132125,3 23641500,4 emertxE tsoM

secnereffiD etulosbA 970, 180, 901,

evitisoP 040, 930, 140, evitageN - 780, - 870, - 170,

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 877, 978, - 868, 2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 583, 814, 904,

.lamroN si noitubirtsid tseT a

.atad morf detaluclaC b

vorogomloK nagned satilamron naijugnep lisah iraD - atad adap vonrimS

isavitom ,rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep lebairav laudiser

awhab iuhatekid isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nad isnatnuka rajaleb

)giS .pmysa( ecnacifingis citotpmysa ,0 halada ,583 904,0 nad ,914,0 helO .

(ahpla irad raseb hibel satilibaborp ialin anerak tapad akam 50,0 = )

.lamron halada lebairav atad isubirtsid awhab naklupmisid

.2 sisetopiH naijugneP

.sisetopih iju halada ayntujnales ,ihunepret taraysarp haleteS kutnU

isalerok nakanuggnem sisetopih iju nakutnenem .tnemoM tcudorP

:tukireb iagabes kapmat aynpakgneles sisetopih naanuggneP

)1 I sisetopiH


15

nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH


aratna nagnubuh adA = aH isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep

isnatnuka rajaleb

)a sisetopiH naijugneP

:ini tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad sisilana lisaH

I sisetopiH isaleroK ijU lisaH 6.5 lebaT

snoitalerroC

1X Y 1X noitalerroC nosraeP 1 381,

2( .giS - )deliat . 861, N 85 85 Y noitalerroC nosraeP 381, 1 2( .giS - )deliat 861, . N 85 85

nakanuggnem sisetopih naijugnep lisaH tnemoM tcudorP

r nakkujnunem gnutih r irad licek hibel 381,0 rasebes lebat .452,0 rasebes

r ialin anerak helO gnutih r irad licek hibel lebat adap isnakifingis takgnit

.kalotid aH akam 50,0 irad raseb hibel gnay 361,0

rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuH

r helo nakutnetid isnatnuka gnutih hadner tagnas gnologret 381,0 rasebes

000,0 irogetak adap katelret anerak - .991,0

naleS takgnit nagned isnakifingis naijugnep nakukalid ayntuj

t halada aynnasutupek nalibmagnep rasaD .%5 isnakifingis gnutih t > lebat

t nagnutihreP .amiretid aH akam gnutih :ini tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad


25

t nagnutihreP 7.5 lebaT gnutih I sisetopiH

)a(stneiciffeoC

ledoM dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC t .giS

B .dtSrorrE ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 06,791 566,21 607,7 000,

1X 615, 963, 381, 793,1 861,

t helorepiD gnutih t nad 793,1 rasebes lebat 85( 65 kd kutnu - farat adap )2

t naikimed nagneD .2300,2 rasebes %5 isnakifingis gnutih t < lebat utiay

nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep lebairav aratna aggnihes .2300,2<793,1

.nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ikilimem kadit isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp

tapad ,sataid atad sisilana lisah nakrasadreB awhab naklupmisid

kadit isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka urug naitahrep lebairav

malad amatrep sisetopih naikimed nagneD .nakifingis nagnubuh ikilimem

.kalotid ini naitilenep

)2 II sisetopiH

)a sisetopiH nasumuR

aratna nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf

isnatnuka rajaleb

rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuh adA = aH

isnatnuka

)b sisetopiH naijugneP

:ini tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad sisilana lisaH


35

II sisetopiH isaleroK ijU lisaH 8.5 lebaT

oitalerroC sn



nakanuggnem sisetopih naijugnep lisaH tnemoM tcudorP nakkujnunem

r gnutih r irad licek hibel 770,0 rasebes lebat ialin anerak helO .452,0 rasebes

r gnutih r irad licek hibel lebat raseb hibel gnay 565,0 isnakifingis takgnit adap

.kalotid aH akam 50,0 irad

isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuH

r helo nakutnetid gnutih nologret .770,0 rasebes katelret anerak hadner tagnas g

000,0 irogetak adap - .991,0

takgnit nagned isnakifingis naijugnep nakukalid ayntujnaleS

t halada aynnasutupek nalibmagnep rasaD .%5 isnakifingis gnutih t > lebat akam

t nagnutihreP .amiretid aH gnutih eb lebat adap tahilid tapad :ini tukir

t nagnutihreP 9.5 lebaT gnutih II sisetopiH

)a(stneiciffeoC

ledoM

dezidradnatsnUstneiciffeoC

dezidradnatSstneiciffeoC

t .giS B .dtSrorrE ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 962,88 833,41 651,6 000,

2X 012, 363, 770, 975, 565,

Y :elbairaV tnednepeD a


45

t helorepiD gnutih t nad 975,0 rasebes lebat 85( 65 kd kutnu - adap )2

t naikimed nagneD .2300,2 rasebes %5 isnakifingis farat gnutih t < lebat

nagned rajaleb satilisaf lebairav aratna aggnihes .2300,2<975,0 utiay

ikilimem kadit isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp .nakifingis gnay nagnubuh

awhab naklupmisid tapad ,sataid atad sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

kadit isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb satilisaf lebairav

malad audek sisetopih naikimed nagneD .nakifingis nagnubuh ikilimem

.kalotid ini naitilenep

.a etopiH III sis

)1 sisetopiH nasumuR

nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH


nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh adA = aH


)2 sisetopiH naijugneP

dap tahilid tapad sisilana lisaH :ini tukireb lebat a

III sisetopiH isaleroK ijU lisaH 01.5 lebaT

snoitalerroC




55

nakanuggnem sisetopih naijugnep lisaH tnemoM tcudorP

r nakkujnunem gnutih r irad licek hibel 030,0 rasebes lebat .452,0 rasebes

r ialin anerak helO gnutih r irad licek hibel lebat isnakifingis takgnit adap

.kalotid aH akam 50,0 irad raseb hibel gnay 528,0

ubuH rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagn

r helo nakutnetid isnatnuka gnutih hadner tagnas gnologret 030,0 rasebes

000,0 irogetak adap katelret anerak - .991,0

takgnit nagned isnakifingis naijugnep nakukalid ayntujnaleS

D .%5 isnakifingis t halada aynnasutupek nalibmagnep rasa gnutih t > lebat

t nagnutihreP .amiretid aH akam gnutih :ini tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad

t nagnutihreP 11.5 lebaT gnutih III sisetopiH

)a(stneiciffeoC

ledoM dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC t .giS

B .dtSrorrE ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 70,280 383,9 647,8 000,

3X 170, 023, 030, 322, 528, Y :elbairaV tnednepeD a

t helorepiD gnutih t nad 322,0 rasebes lebat 85( 65 kd kutnu - farat adap )2

t naikimed nagneD .2300,2 rasebes %5 isnakifingis gnutih t < lebat utiay

nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom lebairav aratna aggnihes 2300,2<322,0

.nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ikilimem kadit isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp

awhab naklupmisid tapad ,sataid atad sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

gned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom lebairav isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp na


65

agitek sisetopih naikimed nagneD .nakifingis nagnubuh ikilimem kadit

.kalotid ini naitilenep malad

.b VI sisetopiH

)1 sisetopiH nasumuR

satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH

rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka

,rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh adA = aH

isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom

)2 sisetopiH naijugneP

tahilid tapad adnag iserger neisifeok nagnutihrep lisaH iagabes

:tukireb

VI sisetopiH adnaG isergeR ijU lisaH 21.5 lebaT

)b(yrammuS ledoM

ledoM R erauqS R R detsujdA

erauqS eht fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE 1 )a(512, 640, - 700, 72036,9

1X ,2X ,3X ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP a Y :elbairaV tnednepeD b

lebaT rasebes adnag iserger neisifeok awhab nakkujnunem 21.5

.640,0 rasebes helorepid gnay isanimreted neisifeok agrah nad 512,0

isavitom ,rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuH

alib isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb

tniid adap katelret akam r ialin isaterpretni lebat malad nakisaterpre

002,0 egnar adap utiay ,hadner irogetak - .993,0


75

akam adnag iserger neisifeok isnakifingis ijugnem kutnU

nalibmagnep rasaD .%5 isnakifingis takgnit nagned F iju nakanugid

ij halada aynnasutupek F ak gnutih F> lebat < satilibaborp ialin akij uata

F nagnutihrep lisaH .50,0 gnutih :ini tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad

F nagnutihreP 31.5 lebaT gnutih VI sisetopiH

)b(AVONA

ledoM fo muSserauqS fd

naeMerauqS F .giS

1 noissergeR 961,342 3 650,18 478, )a(064, laudiseR 170,8005 45 247,29 latoT 042,1525 75


helorepid 31.5 lebat nagned iauseS F gnutih agrah nad 478,0 rasebes

F lebat 467,2 F agrah ,naikimed nagneD .%5 isnakifingis farat adap gnutih

F< lebat ,nakgnidnabid satilibaborp akgna akij uata 467,2 < 478,0 utiay

nagnubuh ada nakataynem gnay sisetopih aggnihes 50,0 > 064,0 akam

savitom ,rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna rajaleb i

naikimed nagneD .kalotid isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka

urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh ada kadit awhab naklupmisid tapad

isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka

.isnatnuka rajaleb


85

.C nasahabmeP

.1 nubuH isnatnukA rajaleB isatserP nagned isnatnukA uruG naitahreP aratnA nag

urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh ada kadit iuhatekid isalerok sisilana iraD

nagnutihrep irad nakkujnutid tapad ini laH .isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned

k awhab nakkujnunem gnay kitsitats ialiN .381,0 rasebes isalerok neisifeo

r gnutih r< lebat iju nakukalidhaletes nad kalotid aH akam 452,0<381,0 utiay ,

t awhab iuhatekid t iju nagned isnakifingis gnutih t< lebat ,2300,2 < 793,1 utiay ,

lisah helorepid akam nakgnidnabid satilibaborp akgna akij uata 50,0 > 361,0

urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh ada nakataynem gnay sisetopih aggnihes

tubesret lisah nakrasadreB .kalotid isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka

urug naitahrep aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ada kadit awhab iuhatekid

rp nagned isnatnuka .isnatnuka rajaleb isatse

kutnu awsis padahret urug nagnibmib halada urug nagnutihrep ispirkseD

malad nimrecret tubesret laH .naujut utaus naiapacnep malad isaulave idajnem

kadit urug naitahrep awhab nakkujnunem ini naitilanep lisaH .awsis isatserp

ynupmem ,aynitrA .awsis isatserp padahret nakifingis kadit nad nagnubuh ia

.awsis rajaleb isatserp nagned kapmad ikilimem kadit urug naitahep

urug naitahrep aynranebes tahilid tapad renoisiuk naisignep lisah iraD

yniggnit ini naitilenep malad ipateT .iggnit tagnas kadit urug naitahrep a

tagnas nakirogetakret anerak ,awsis rajaleb isatserp padahret huragnepreb

: nakbabesid nanikgnumek ini laH .hadner urug nakitahrepmem malad awsiS

aggnihes ,lamiskam gnaruk rajagnem rajaleb sesorp nakanaskalem gnades gnay

jaleb sesorp .kiab gnaruk rajagnem ra


95

.2 isnatnukA rajaleB isatserP nagned rajaleB satilisaF aratnA nagnubuH

rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuh ada kadit iuhatekid isalerok sisilana iraD

nagnutihrep irad nakkujnutid tapad ini laH .isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned

ialiN .770,0 rasebes isalerok neisifeok awhab nakkujnunem gnay kitsitats

r gnutih r< lebat iju nakukalidhaletes nad kalotid aH akam 452,0<770,0 utiay ,

t awhab iuhatekid t iju nagned isnakifingis gnutih t< lebat ,2300,2 < 975,0 utiay ,

satilibaborp akgna akij uata 50,0 > 565,0 lisah helorepid akam nakgnidnabid

rajaleb satilisaf aratna nagnubuh ada nakataynem gnay sisetopih aggnihes

iuhatekid tubesret lisah nakrasadreB .kalotid isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned

tilisaf aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ada kadit awhab nagned rajaleb sa

.isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp

ispirkseD rajaleb satilisaf nakkujnunem ini lah ,iggnit nakkujnunem

awhab naparah nagned kiab gnay rajaleb satilisaf nakaideynem halet halokes

halet halokes nupikseM .kiab hibel naka kidid kana isatserp awhab

m padahret huragnep nakirebmem kadit numan pakgnel satiliaf nakaideyne

.hadner tagnas nakirogetakret aynnagnubuh anerak awsis rajaleb isatserp

aratna nagnubuh ada kadit awhab nakkujnunem ini naitilenep lisaH

rajaleb satilisaf natnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned rotkaf ada agudid ,is - nial rotkaf

:aynlasim ,isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem gnay gnay rajaleb satilisaf

naakatsuprep id iretam ukub ,awsis helo naktaafnamid gnaruk nakaidesid halet

,gnalup awabid helob aumes kadit ,rajagnem isairav ujnuk ayngnaruk nagn

.gnaruk awsis rajaleb nanilpisidek nad naakatsuprep ek awsis


06

.3 rajaleB isatserP nagned isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM aratnA nagnubuH

isnatnukA

rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh ada kadit iuhatekid isalerok sisilana iraD

rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka irad nakkujnutid tapad ini laH .isnatnuka

rasebes isalerok neisifeok awhab nakkujnunem gnay kitsitats nagnutihrep

r ialiN .030,0 gnutih r< lebat nad kalotid aH akam 452,0<030,0 utiay ,

t awhab iuhatekid t iju nagned isnakifingis iju nakukalidhaletes gnutih t< bat le ,

akam nakgnidnabid satilibaborp akgna akij uata ,2300,2 < 322,0 utiay

ada nakataynem gnay sisetopih aggnihes 50,0 > 528,0 lisah helorepid

isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuh

id tubesret lisah nakrasadreB .kalotid gnay nagnubuh ada kadit awhab iuhatek

.isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nakifingis

nakkujnunem isnatnuka urug naitahrep ispirkseD pukuc ini lah ,iggnit

awhab nakkujnunem nit pukuc isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom ikilimem awsis .igg

nahurulesek iagabes rajaleb isavitom nakisinifednem ,)961:4002( lekniW S.W

rajaleb nanigniek naklubminem gnay awsis irid malad id sikisp kareggnep ayad

nataigek adap hara nakirebmem nad rajaleb nagnusgnalek nimajnem ,rajagnem

iapacret imed uti rajaleb .naujut utaus ayn

aratna nagnubuh ada kadit awhab nakkujnunem ini naitilenep lisaH

rajaleb isavitom ed isnatnuka ispirksed lisaH .isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagn

ispirksed ,sisetopih naijugnep lisah nagned gnakaleb kalotreb atad

gabes awhab nakkujnunematad gnay rajaleb isavitom ikilimem awsis raseb nai

ini naitilenep malad ipateT .alup iggnit gnay rajaleb isatserp nad iggnit


16

ayniggnit padahret nagnubuh ikilimem kadit awsis rajaleb isavitom ayniggnit

irogetakret aynaudek nagnubuh anerak awsis rajaleb isatserp hadner tagnas nak

atames iggnit tagnas gnay rajaleb isavitom ikilimem awsis raseb naigabes –

gnaruk kubis gnay aut gnaro ,ajas isatserp rajegnem aynah anerak atam

asib kadit gnay sok kana kaynab ,aynkana rajaleb nakitahrepmem

jaleb kutnu utkaw naktaafnamem .ra


26

IV BAB

NASATABRETEK NAD NARAS ,NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

.1 isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ada kadiT

gnay sisilana lisah nakrasadreb ini laH .isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned

381,0 rasebes gnutihr isalerok neisifeok awhab nakkujnunem licek hibel

raseb hibel 361,0 rasebes satilibaborp ialin uata 452,0 rasebes lebatr irad

.50,0 irad

.2 nagned rajaleb satilisaf aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ada kadiT

gnay sisilana lisah nakrasadreb ini laH .isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp

feok awhab nakkujnunem licek hibel 770,0 rasebes gnutihr isalerok neisi


.50,0 irad

.3 isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ada kadiT

rasadreb ini laH .isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp nagned gnay sisilana lisah nak

licek hibel 030,0 rasebes gnutihr isalerok neisifeok awhab nakkujnunem


.50,0 irad

.4 nad ,rajaleb satilisaf ,isnatnuka urug naitahrep aratna nagnubuh ada kadiT

amasreb araces isnatnuka rajaleb isavitom - rajaleb isatserp nagned amas

lisaH .uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS laisoS umlI IX salek awsis isnatnuka

F isalerok neisifeok agrah nahelorep gnutih F nad 478,0 rasebes lebat rasebes

467,2


36

.B naraS

naraS kiapmasid tapad gnay :halada ini naitilenep nakrasadreb itilenep helo na

.1 awsiS igaB

gnibmibmem ulales gnay urug naitahrep naktaafnamem aynkadneh awsiS

halet gnay rajaleb satilisaf naktaafnamem ,rabas nagned awsis rajaleb

rajaleb nanilpisidek ,lamiskam araces halokes nakaidesid nad awsis

.habmatid gnay narajalep maj halmuj

.2 gnibmibmem tapad nakparahid uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS id urug igaB

nad tanimreb hibel tapad awsis aggnihes kiab nagned awsis rajagnem nad

tapad halokes nad awsis isatserp aguj nad rajaleb malad isavitomret

gnukudnep satilisaf nakitahrepmem nakparahid aguj halokeS .takgninem

iridnes awsis kiab uti niales ,halokes id rajagnem rajaleb sesorp malad

nakaidesid gnay satilisaf nakanugrepmem tapad nakparahid urug nupuam

nikgnum lamiskames nagned halokes helo

.3 rO igaB .aut gna

atres isavitom nad nagnorod nakirebmem ulales nakparahid aut gnarO

isnatnuka rajaleb tanim ikilimem kana raga rajaleb malad ignipmadnem

hamur id rajaleb satilisaf naaidesretek nagned uti nialeS .iggnit gnay

jaleb tanim naktakgninem tapad kana akam uti irad akam isnatnuka ra

rajaleb satilisaf nakaideynem kutnu nakparahid aut gnaro paites

gnay lah ,hadner ialum isnatnuka rajaleb tanim akiJ .nikgnum lamiskames

atres sinomrah gnay anasaus nakpicnem nakukal aut gnaro surah

dnep nakitahrepmem nad uatnamem nakirebmem nagned kana nakidi


46

rajaleb tanim ilabmek lucnum ayapus isavitom nad tagnames ,nagnorod

.ignit gnay isnatnuka

.4 gnay naitilenep lebairav habmanem halada ayntujnales itilenep igab naraS

tilenep adapirad kiab hibel naka naitilenep lisah aggnihes nial nai

.aynmulebes

.C nasatabreteK

nasatabretek aynada iradaynem siluneP - aratna ,naitilenep malad nasatabretek

:nial

.1 awsis nanikgnumek putunem kadit ,ini naitilenep nakukalem malaD

huggnus kadit nad rujuj kadit nagned bawajnem - malad huggnus

renoiseuk bawajnem atad naranebek kacalem asib kadit silunep nad

bawajnem nednopser ataynret akiJ .nednopser irad helorepid gnay

gnay narabmag nakirebmem kadit ini naitilenep lisah akam rujuj kadit

.fitkejbo

.2 irad tahilid aynah isnatnuka rajaleb isatserp takiret lebairaV inrum ialin

.ajas lijnag retsemes adap isanatnuka nairah nagnalu


56

AKATSUP RATFAD

.2002 .imisrahuS ,otnukirA naitileneP rudesorP .atpiC akeniR : atrakaJ .

.6991 .A ,normI narajalebmeP nad rajaleB .ayaj akatsuP ainuD:atrakaJ .

senodnI asahaB raseB sumaK akatsuP ialaB:atrakaJ .6791 .ai

.suisangI ,ojdisaM .)5991( halokeS id awsiS rajaleB lisaH naiapacneP naialineP .

.suisinaK :atrakaygoY

.7991 .hayS ,nibbihuM olokisP b natakedneP utauS nakididneP ig ura .

.ayrakadsoR ajameR:gnudnaB

.0991 .milagN ,otnawruP nakididneP igolokisP .ayrakadsoR ajameR TP:gnudnaB .

.6891 .namidraS rajagneM rajaleB isavitoM nad iskaretnI ilawajaR .VC:atrakaJ .

.)0102( .onoyiguS naitileneP kutnU akitsitatS .atebaflA .VC :gnudnaB .

.)4002( .iduB suitnerolF ,okimtajuS itoM aratnA nagnubuH ,rajaleB isav

rajaleB isatserP nagneD uruG nagnibmiB nad nameT nagnukuD

.netalK kilotaK KMS isnatnukA atanaS satisrevinU :atrakaygoY .ispirkS

.amrahD

.9002 .inuY iwD ,itnasuS ayaG isairaV gnatneT awsiS ispesreP aratna nagnubuH

awsiS nilpisiD ,uruG rajagneM satilisaF nad ,awsiS rajaleB isavitoM ,

isatnukA rajaleB isatserP nagned awsiS rajaleB : atrakaygoY .

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU


66

.3891 .S.W ,lekniW rajaleB isaulavE nad nakididneP igolokisP :atrakaJ .

.aidemarG


76

NARIPMAL 1 NAITILENEP RENOISEUK


86

NAITILENEP RENOISEUK

ARATNA NAGNUBUH ISNATNUKA URUG NAITAHREP , SATILISAF

,RAJALEB NAD ISNATNUKA RAJALEB ISAVITOM NAGNED

ISNATNUKA RAJALEB ISATSERP

susaK idutS AMS IX salek awsiS lutnaB ,uyadeS ,ruhuL idugnaP

:helo nususiD

oytesarP iggnA

0433170 05

ISNATNUKA NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

102 2


96

naisigneP :laH renoiseuK

nameT .htY adapeK - namet lutnaB ,uyadeS ruhuL idugnaP AMS

,tamroh nagneD

nasuruJ ,isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham halada ayaS

nakadagnem duskamreb ayaS .DSU ,PIKF ,laisoS nauhategneP umlI nakididneP

“ luduj nagned naitilenep nataigek nagnubuH isnatnukA uruG naitahreP aratnA ,

rajaleB satilisaF nad , isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM ned nag rajaleB isatserP

isnatnukA ” nakididneP idutS margorP adap rihka sagut nanusuynep akgnar malad

.DSU ,PIKF ,SPIPJ ,isnatnukA

as ,tubesret lah nagned nagnubuheS idajnem araduas naaidesek nohom ay

bawajnem kutnu nanekreb araduas parahreb ayaS .ini naitilenep malad nednopser

nalajeS .aynhuggnuses gnay naadaek nagned iauses naaynatrep nahurulesek

araduaS nabawaj naaisaharek nimajnem naka ayas ,naitilenep akite nagned nad

atames halaynah araduaS nabawaj awhab nakitsamem - iapacnem kutnu atam

.ini haimli naitilenep naujut

kaynab tikides ini renoiseuk nasisignep awhab iradaynem ayaS

.aynmulebes faam nohom ayas ,uti babes helO .araduaS sativitka uggnaggnem

nohomrep naikimeD ayas ,araduas amasajrek nad naitahrep satA .ayas na

.hisak amiret nakpacugnem

,atrakaygoY ieM 102 2

,ayas tamroH

oytesarP iggnA

tileneP i


07

RENOISEUK NAISIGNEP KUJNUTEP

.1 :utiay ,naigab )agit( 3 irad iridret ini renoiseuK

I naigaB nednopseR satitnedI

II naigaB isnatnukA uruG naitahreP

III naigaB rajaleB satilisaF

VI naigaB isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM

.2 iauses paggna araduaS gnilap gnay nabawaj kutnu )X( gnalis adnat halireB

paites nanak halebes id nakaidesid gnay katok adap naadaek nagned

.naataynrep

.3 paites awhab nakitsap nad ilabmek halitilet nakajregnem iaseleS

lad naataynrep bawajid aynaumes halet ini renoiseuk ma

I NAIGAB

nednopseR satitnedI

amaN .........................:

nesbA .oN / saleK .........................:

nasuruJ SPI :


17

NAITAHREP ISNATNUKA URUG

.oN naaynatreP ulaleS gnireS gnadaK

- gnadak

kadiT

hanreP

.1 nagnibmib irebmem areges nagned isnatnuka uruG

rajaleb natilusek imalagnem gnay awsis adapek

.2 malad hisak hilip hanrep kadit isnatnuka uruG

rajaleb nagnibmib nakirebmem

.3 isnatnuka uruG naka iludep kadit awsis natilusek

.4 awsis hakapa nakiludrepmem kadit isnatnuka uruG

kadit uata sagut nakajregnem asib

.5 aynatreb natapmesek irebmem isnatnuka uruG

awsis adapek

.6 nahital nakirebmem kaynab hibel isnatnuka uruG

laos

.7 isnatnuka uruG adapek nagnibmib irebmem aynah

.ajas aynignanesid gnay awsis

.8 gnay ada alibapa awsis inayalem isnatnuka uruG

.narajalep maj raul id rajaleb nagnibmib atnimem

.9 gnay awsis huruynem aynah isnatnuka uruG

id sagut nakajregnem kutnu ayacrepid .silut napap

01 . kutnu awsis gnibmibmem isnatnuka uruG

nakiapmaynem nad amirenem ,isakinumokreb

.rajaleb natilusek gnatnet tapadnep


27

)iadameM tagnaS( MS

)iadameM pukuC( MC

)tikideS( S

)gnaruK tagnaS( KS

RAJALEB SATILISAF

.oN naaynatreP SM MC S SK

11 nad DCL ,draob etihw itrepes narajalebmeP aideM

.rajaleb malad ayas utnabmem siraggnep

12 .mumu kutnu aidesret kadit halajam/narok aideM

13 nakanuggnem gnay narajalep nagned gnanes ayaS

.kiranem gnay aidem

14 nagneD tapec hibel idajnem ayas narajalebmep aidem

iretam imahamem

15 .naakatsuprep id isnatnuka ukub ayntikideS

16 iretam iracnem malad ayas utnabmem naakatsupreP

.narajalep

17 .pakgnel halokes id isnatnuka muirotarobaL

18 nad isruk halmuJ .nahutubek iauses salek id ajem

91 natalarep nad ukub nakaideynem ayas aut gnarO

.halokes

20 .pukuc salek malad id aradu isalukriS

21 .pagnep asaret salek gnauR

22 .hisreb ulales gnay teliot nagned namayn asarem ayaS

23 halokeS rajaleb kutnu aidem itlum gnaur nakaideynem


37

ISNATNUKA RAJALEB ISAVITOM

.oN naaynatreP ulaleS gnireS gnadaK -

gnadak

kadiT

hanreP

42 . ukub acabmeM - ukub .isnatnuka narajalep

52 . M hunepes nagned isnatnuka narajalep itukigne

nagned iauses muleb rajaleb lisah nupualaw itah

naparah

62 . ,rajaleb malaD iretam iasaugnem ahasureb

.maladnem araces

72 . M .iretam nakiapmaynem urug akitek tatacne

82 . B nagnalu naka akitek rajale ajas .

92 . B rebmus irad pakgnelep nahab iracnem ahasure

kutnu nial nauhategnep ayakrepmem .

03 . B akitek isartnesnok ahasure isnatnuka narajalep

anerak .kiab gnay ialin helorepmem nigni

13 . M nagned tilus gnay isnatnuka sagut nakajregne

aynah .namet nabawaj lisah tahilem

23 . B irad isnatnuka sagut nakajregnem ahasure

.utkaw tapet urug

33 . M rajaleb kutnu rajaleb kopmolek kutnebme

.amasreb


47

NARIPMAL 2 IJU NAD SATIDILAV

SATILIBAER


57

.A satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU isnatnukA uruG naitahreP

S I S Y L A N A Y T I L I B A I L E R - )A H P L A( E L A C S

0,03 = sesaC fo N

fo N ecnairaV naeM rof scitsitatS selbairaV veD dtS

11 8815,4 5914,02 3338,33 elacS

metI - scitsitatS latot

detcerroC elacS elacS metI ecnairaV naeM - ahplA derauqS metI fi metI fi elpitluM latoT metI fi deteleD noitalerroC noitalerroC deteleD deteleD

7518, 0947, 5465, 1613,71 3338,03 1RITUB

0007,03 2RITUB 4618, 1087, 0445, 9609,61 4338, 8095, 2383, 1422,71 0005,03 3RITUB 0218, 2585, 8595, 0457,61 3337,03 4RITUB

, 7500,61 3338,03 5RITUB 5197, 7568, 0668 9618, 5264, 7045, 4301,71 0000,13 6RITUB 3108, 2278, 2907, 3970,61 0007,03 7RITUB

24, 2084, 2876,71 7666,03 8RITUB 1228, 77 2028, 2484, 3305, 9069,61 3337,03 9RITUB 6268, 3263, 5390, 6850,91 0001,13 01RITUB

18, 4994, 6555, 8636,71 3335,03 11RITUB 47

smeti 11 stneiciffeoC ytilibaileR

6848, = ahpla meti dezidradnatS 4338, = ahplA

.B satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU rajaleB satilisaF


0,03 = sesaC fo N

fo N selbairaV veD dtS ecnairaV naeM rof scitsitatS

31 3734,5 4465,92 3332,93 elacS


67


detcerroC elacS elacS metI ecnairaV naeM - ahplA derauqS metI fi elpitluM latoT metI fi metI fi C noitalerroC deteleD deteleD deteleD noitalerro

2988, . 3086, 6726,52 0004,63 21B 0888, . 6396, 9890,52 7660,63 31B

. 3086, 6726,52 0004,63 41B 2988, 9688, . 1217, 0328,42 7662,63 51B 5888, . 1186, 8761,52 7660,63 61B 2988, . 3086, 6726,52 0004,63 71B

81B 0109, . 4834, 1397,52 0000,63 7698, . 5594, 3201,62 3330,63 91B 9688, . 1217, 0328,42 7662,63 02B

7660,63 12B 5888, . 1186, 8761,52 6888, . 5576, 9920,52 7662,63 22B 3409, . 7883, 6189,52 3331,63 32B

5753,52 3334,63 42B 9698, . 8315, S I S Y L A N A Y T I L I B A I L E R - )A H P L A( E L A C S


6609, = ahpla meti dezidradnatS 4998, = ahplA

.C satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU isavitoM rajaleB isnatnukA


0,03 = sesaC fo N

fo N selbairaV veD dtS ecnairaV naeM rof scitsitatS

acS 01 6092,4 2904,81 3337,03 el


detcerroC elacS elacS metI ecnairaV naeM - ahplA derauqS metI fi elpitluM latoT metI fi metI fi deteleD noitalerroC noitalerroC deteleD deteleD

8348, 7553, 9014, 6185,51 3339,72 52B

62B 2938, 4953, 5344, 0132,61 0009,72 4738, 2967, 6084, 2551,51 0005,72 72B 3628, 2525, 7195, 9609,41 0007,72 82B

0007,72 92B 6428, 9619, 5706, 1265,41 5128, 1697, 8456, 1749,41 3335,72 03B 0548, 0317, 2204, 0965,51 0005,72 13B

, 6180,51 7665,72 23B 6228, 5039, 3746 7128, 4719, 7536, 1424,41 0007,72 33B 3528, 5329, 5416, 5912,51 7665,72 43B


3548, = ahplA 5948, = ahpla meti dezidradnatS


77

NARIPMAL 3 NAITILENEP KUDNI ATAD


87

.A isnatnukA uruG naitahreP

.pseR metI

.lmJ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01

1 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 43

2 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 82

3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 53

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 53

5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 13

6 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 43

7 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 4 2 33

8 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 2 23

9 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 53

01 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 03

11 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 23

21 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 73

31 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 3 63

41 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 53

51 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 43

61 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 23

71 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 83

81 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 93

91 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 73

02 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 53

12 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 63

22 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 4 3 43

32 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 4 3 43

42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 93

52 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 73

62 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 43

72 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 3 4 4 53

82 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 04


97

92 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 93

03 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 2 4 3 33

13 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 13

23 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 12

33 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 1 4 2 03

43 3 3 3 2 4 3 4 2 4 3 13

35 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 53

63 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 1 72

73 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 53

83 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 1 4 4 43

93 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 53

04 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 3 4 4 23

14 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 43

24 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 53

34 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 53

44 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 73

54 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 73

64 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 3 4 73

74 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 04

84 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 04

94 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 43

05 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 2 03

15 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 63

25 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 1 3 4 43

35 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 43

45 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 53

55 3 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 4 3 03

65 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 13

75 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 13

85 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 83


08

.B rajaleB satilisaF

.pseR metI

.lmJ 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 02 12 22 32

1 4 3 4 4 2 3 1 4 4 3 1 4 4 14

2 3 3 3 3 2 4 1 4 3 3 3 4 4 04

3 3 1 4 3 2 2 1 4 2 3 4 2 3 43

4 3 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 24

5 3 3 3 3 1 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 04

6 4 4 4 2 4 3 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 34

7 3 4 3 2 4 3 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 14

8 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 4 4 4 3 2 4 34

9 2 2 4 4 3 2 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 93

01 4 2 4 4 2 4 1 3 2 2 3 3 4 83

11 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 4 2 3 3 33

21 3 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 4 2 1 4 4 73

31 3 3 4 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 63

41 4 2 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 64

51 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 73

61 3 2 4 3 2 4 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 43

71 4 1 4 4 3 4 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 04

81 4 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 44

91 3 3 4 3 2 3 2 4 4 3 4 2 4 14

02 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 3 73

12 4 4 2 3 3 3 1 3 4 3 2 4 2 83

22 4 3 4 3 3 3 1 4 2 2 2 4 4 93

32 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 04

42 3 1 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 1 3 73

52 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 3 04

62 4 3 4 3 3 3 1 4 4 3 3 3 2 04

72 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 3 3 1 2 4 24

82 2 3 2 3 4 1 1 3 4 4 4 1 1 33


18

92 2 3 2 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 73

03 3 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 34

13 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 93

23 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 92

33 3 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 3 2 14

43 2 2 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 93

35 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 83

63 3 3 4 4 1 2 1 3 4 3 2 3 4 73

73 3 3 4 3 2 3 1 3 4 3 3 4 4 04

83 4 1 4 3 1 3 4 4 4 2 1 4 3 83

93 4 3 4 3 3 4 1 4 4 3 3 4 4 44

04 3 2 3 3 2 3 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 83

14 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 2 3 53

24 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 2 1 4 4 24

34 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 2 1 4 4 24

44 4 4 3 3 2 3 1 4 4 3 3 3 4 14

54 4 1 2 4 2 3 1 4 4 3 3 4 4 93

64 3 3 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 64

74 4 3 4 4 2 4 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 24

84 4 3 4 4 2 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 64

94 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 3 2 3 3 4 4 24

05 2 3 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 04

15 4 3 3 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 44

25 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 83

35 4 3 3 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 83

45 3 4 3 4 2 3 1 4 4 3 3 4 3 14

55 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 4 3 3 3 2 3 43

65 3 2 4 4 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 73

75 3 4 4 3 2 2 1 4 2 3 2 2 3 53

85 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 2 3 2 4 34


28

.C isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM

.pseR metI

.lmJ 42 52 62 72 82 92 03 13 23 33

1 2 4 4 3 3 2 4 3 4 3 23

2 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 92

3 2 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 92

4 2 3 2 4 1 2 2 2 3 3 42

5 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 3 92

6 2 3 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 62

7 2 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 72

8 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 2 3 1 82

9 3 4 4 4 2 3 4 2 2 4 23

01 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 22

11 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 32

21 2 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 82

31 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 13

41 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 2 1 92

51 3 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 82

61 2 3 3 4 1 3 2 1 3 2 42

71 3 2 4 4 1 2 4 4 4 1 92

81 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 73

91 3 4 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 92

02 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 92

12 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 3 2 82

22 2 3 3 4 1 2 3 2 4 2 62

32 2 3 4 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 72

42 1 3 4 3 4 1 4 3 2 2 72

52 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 53

62 3 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 33

72 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 3 2 43

82 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 13


38

92 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 63

03 2 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 42

13 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 82

23 1 2 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 02

33 2 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 13

43 2 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 72

35 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 62

63 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 13

73 3 3 4 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 13

83 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 03

93 2 3 3 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 13

04 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 42

14 2 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 2 62

24 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 03

34 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 03

44 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 3 2 4 33

54 2 4 4 2 3 4 4 2 3 2 13

64 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 13

74 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 53

84 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 83

94 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 92

05 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 91

15 2 4 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 2 82

25 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 2 23

35 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 33

45 4 3 3 4 1 3 4 4 4 3 83

55 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 42

65 2 4 4 3 1 2 3 3 3 2 72

75 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 62

85 2 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 53


48

.D isnatnukA rajaleB isatserP

.pseR rajaleB isatserP ataR( - )nairaH nagnalU ialiN ataR

1 1,48 2 3,97 3 8,08 4 0,37 5 1,98 6 6,77 7 7,88 8 7,27 9 1,38 01 0,57 11 5,98 21 3,36 31 0,76 41 6,87 51 4,48 61 3,09 71 1,68 81 1,77 91 8,77 02 1,28 12 3,28 22 0,67 32 5,08 42 8,85 52 2,77 62 8,88 72 1,65 82 1,38 92 3,76 03 6,78 13 0,08 23 8,98 33 0,88 43 0,48 53 7,09 63 6,78 73 0,18 83 8,54 93 3,87 04 3,07


58

14 4,58 24 5,77 34 3,37 44 0,77 54 5,39 64 8,19 74 0,19 84 1,97 94 7,17 05 5,56 15 6,09 25 0,39 35 4,18 45 8,67 55 3,58 65 5,68 75 8,97 85 0,88


68

NARIPMAL 4 II EPIT PAP


78

.A isnatnukA uruG naitahreP

iggnitret ialin( % + hadneret ialin = rokS – )hadneret ialin

iggnitret ialiN 1 = 0 = 4 x 04

hadneret ialiN 1 = 0 1 = 1 x 0

ialin hisileS iggnitret – hadneret ialin = 04 – 10 = 03

isnetepmoK naasaugneP takgniT irogetaK

10 ( + x %18 03 = ) 03,43 idajnem naktalubid 43 iggniT tagnaS

10 x %66( + 03 = ) 08,92 idajnem naktalubid 03 iggniT

10 x %65( + 03 = ) 08,62 idajnem naktalubid 72 iggniT pukuC

10 x %64( + 03 = ) 08,32 idajnem naktalubid 42 hadneR

hawabiD 42 hadneR tagnaS

.B rajaleB satilisaF


iggnitret ialiN = 31 = 4 x 25

hadneret ialiN = 31 = 1 x 31



31 ( + x %18 93 = ) 95,44 jnem naktalubid da i 54 iggniT tagnaS

31 x %66( + 93 = ) 47,83 dajnem naktalubid i 93 iggniT





88

.C isnatnukA rajaleB isavitoM


iggnitret ialiN 1 = 0 = 4 x 04

hadneret ialiN 1 = 0 1 = 1 x 0



10 ( + x %18 03 = ) 03,43 idajnem naktalubid 43 iggniT tagnaS

10 x %66( + 03 = ) 08,92 idajnem naktalubid 03 iggniT




.D isnatnukA rajaleb isatserP


iggnitret ialiN = 001

hadneret ialiN = 0

iggnitret ialin hisileS – hadneret ialin = 01 0 – = 0 01 0


18 = )001 x %18( + 0 iggniT tagnaS

66 = )001 x %66( + 0 iggniT

65 = )001 x %65( + 0 iggniT pukuC

64 = )001 x %64( + 0 hadneR

64 hawabiD hadneR tagnaS


98

NARIPMAL 5 ,SUDOM ,NAIDEM ,NAEM

ISAIVED RADNATS


09

scitsitatS

1X 2X 3X Y N dilaV 85 85 85 85 gnissiM 0 0 0 0

naeM 21,43 33,93 50,92 000,08 naideM 00,43 00,04 00,92 009,08

edoM )a(43 )a(73 )a(92 )a(1,38 noitaiveD .dtS 314,3 125,3 600,4 3895,9

muminiM 12 92 91 8,54 mumixaM 04 64 83 5,39

nwohs si eulav tsellams ehT .tsixe sedom elpitluM a


19

6 NARIPMAL SATILAMRON IJU


29

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS

1X 2X 3X

N

) b.a( sretemarap lamroN naeM

.dtS noitaiveD

etulosbA secnereffiD emertxE tsoM

evitisoP

evitageN

vorogomloK - Z vonrims

2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat

85

21,43

41521214,3

970,

040,

- 780,

877,

583,

85

33,93

55132125,3

180,

930,

- 870,

978,

814,

85

50,92

23641500,4

901,

140,

- 170,

868,

904,

.lamroN si noitubirtsid tseT a .atad morf detaluclaC b


39

NARIPMAL 7 IJU TCUDURP ISALEROK

TNEMOM


49

.A I sisetopiH ijU

snoitalerroC



.B I sisetopiH ijU I

snoitalerroC

2X Y 2X noitalerroC nosraeP 1 - 770,

2( .giS - )deliat . 565, N 85 85

Y noitalerroC nosraeP - 770, 1 2( .giS - )deliat 565, .

N 85 85

.C I sisetopiH ijU II

snoitalerroC

3X Y 3X noitalerroC nosraeP 1 - 030,

2( .giS - )deliat . 528, N 85 85

Y noitalerroC nosraeP - 030, 1 2( .giS - )deliat 528, .

N 85 85


59

.D VI sisetopiH ijU

snoitalerroC

Y 1X 2X 3X nosraeP

noitalerroC Y 000,1 - 381, - 770, - 030,

1X - 381, 000,1 373, 816, 2X - 770, 373, 000,1 014, 3X - 030, 816, 014, 000,1

1( .giS - )deliat Y . 480, 282, 214, 1X 480, . 200, 000, 2X 282, 200, . 100, 3X 214, 000, 100, .

N Y 85 85 85 85 1X 85 85 85 85 2X 85 85 85 85 3X 85 85 85 85


69

NARIPMAL 8 ISERGER SISILANA


79

.A I sisetopiH

)b(devomeR/deretnE selbairaV

ledoM selbairaV

deretnE selbairaV

devomeR dohteM 1 )a(1X . retnE

.deretne selbairav detseuqer llA a Y :elbairaV tnednepeD b

yrammuS ledoM



etamitsE 1 )a(381, 430, 610, 62915,9

1X ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP a )b(AVONA

ledoM fo muSserauqS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 827,671 1 827,671 059,1 )a(861, laudiseR 215,4705 65 616,09

latoT 042,1525 75

1X ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP a Y :elbairaV tnednepeD b

)a(stneiciffeoC

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU stneiciffeoC dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC

t .giS B rorrE .dtS ateB 1 )tnatsnoC( 106,79 566,21 607,7 000,

1X 615, 963, 381, 793,1 861,


.B II sisetopiH


ledoM selbairaV

deretnE selbairaV



yrammuS ledoM



etamitsE 1 )a(770, 600, 210, 57456,9


89

:srotciderP a 2X ,)tnatsnoC( )b(AVONA


1 noissergeR 342,13 1 342,13 533, )a(565, laudiseR 799,9125 65 412,39

latoT 042,1525 75


)a(stneiciffeoC

ledoM

stneiciffeoC dezidradnatsnU dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC


2X 012, 363, 770, 975, 565,


.C III sisetopiH


ledoM selbairaV

deretnE selbairaV



yrammuS ledoM



etamitsE 1 )a(030, 100, 710, 23976,9

:srotciderP a 3X ,)tnatsnoC( )b(AVONA



latoT 042,1525 75


)a(stneiciffeoC

ledoM


stneiciffeoC


3X 170, 023, 030, 322, 528,



99

.D VI SISETOPIH

scitsitatS evitpircseD

naeM noitaiveD .dtS N Y 0000,08 82895,9 85

1X 21,43 314,3 85 2X 33,93 125,3 85 3X 50,92 600,4 85

snoitalerroC

Y 1X 2X 3X nosraeP

noitalerroC Y 000,1 - 381, - 770, - 030,

1X - 381, 000,1 373, 816, 2X - 770, 373, 000,1 014, 3X - 030, 816, 014, 000,1

1( .giS - )deliat Y . 480, 282, 214, 1X 480, . 200, 000, 2X 282, 200, . 100, 3X 214, 000, 100, .

N Y 85 85 85 85 1X 85 85 85 85 2X 85 85 85 85 3X 85 85 85 85


ledoM selbairaV

deretnE selbairaV

devomeR dohteM 1 ,2X ,3X )a(1X . retnE


)b(yrammuS ledoM



etamitsE 1 )a(512, 640, - 700, 72036,9


)b(AVONA



latoT 042,1525 75


001


)a(stneiciffeoC

ledoM


stneiciffeoC


1X - 927, 284, - 952, - 215,1 631, 2X - 111, 304, - 140, - 672, 487, 3X 253, 814, 741, 348, 304,



101

NARIPMAL 9 t LEBAT NAD r LEBAT


201

LEBAT

IALIN - t ISUBIRTSID MALAD IALIN

fd 01.0 50.0 520.0 10.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 02 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 03 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 04 14

0029.2 4353.2 8131.2 0510.2 2349.1 6498.1 5958.1 1338.1 5218.1 9597.1 3287.1 9077.1 3167.1 1357.1 9547.1 6937.1 1437.1 1927.1 7427.1 7027.1 1717.1 9317.1 9017.1 1807.1 6507.1 3307.1 1107.1 1996.1 3796.1 5596.1 9396.1 4296.1 9096.1 6986.1 3886.1 1786.1 0686.1 9486.1 9386.1 9286.1

7203.4 4281.3 5677.2 6075.2 9644.2 6463.2 0603.2 2262.2 1822.2 0102.2 8871.2 4061.2 8441.2 5131.2 9911.2 8901.2 9001.2 0390.2 0680.2 6970.2

70.2 93 7860.2 9360.2 5950.2 5550.2 8150.2 4840.2 2540.2 3240.2 5930.2 9630.2 5430.2 2230.2 1030.2 1820.2 2620.2 4420.2 7220.2 1120.2 5910.2

4502.6 5671.4 4594.3 4361.3 7869.2 2148.2 5157.2 0586.2 8336.2 1395.2 0065.2 6235.2 6905.2 9984.2 9274.2 1854.2 0544.2 4334.2 1324.2 8314.2 5504.2 9793.2 0193.2 6483.2 8873.2 4373.2 5863.2 8363.2 6953.2 6553.2 8153.2

.2 3843 1543.2 0243.2 1933.2 3633.2 7333.2 3133.2 9823.2 7623.2

0529.9 8048.5 1406.4 1230.4 4707.3

4.3 599 4553.3 8942.3 3961.3 8501.3 5450.3 3210.3 8679.2 7649.2 8029.2 2898.2 4878.2 9068.2 3548.2 4138.2 8818.2 3708.2 0797.2 4787.2 7877.2 7077.2 3367.2 4657.2 0057.2 0447.2 5837.2 3337.2 4827.2 8327.2 5917.2 4517.2 6117.2 9707.2 5407.2 2107.2


301

24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 06 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 07 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 08 18 28 38 48 58 68 78

0286.1 1186.1 2086.1 4976.1 7876.1 9776.1

6.1 277 6676.1 9576.1 3576.1 7476.1 1476.1 6376.1 0376.1 5276.1 0276.1 6176.1 1176.1 6076.1 2076.1 8966.1 4966.1 0966.1 6866.1 3866.1 9766.1 6766.1 2766.1 9666.1 6666.1 3666.1 0666.1 7566.1 4566.1 2566.1 9466.1 6466.1 4466.1 1466.1 9366.1 6366.1 4366.1 2366.1 0366.1 8266.1 6266.1

1810.2 7610.2 4510.2 1410.2 9210.2 7110.2 6010.2 6900.2 6800.2 6700.2 6600.2 7500.2 9400.2 0400.2 2300.2 5200.2 7100.2

2 0100. 3000.2 6999.1 0999.1 3899.1 7799.1 1799.1 6699.1 0699.1 5599.1 9499.1 4499.1 9399.1 5399.1 0399.1 5299.1 1299.1 7199.1 3199.1 8099.1 5099.1 1099.1 7989.1 3989.1 0989.1 6889.1 3889.1 9789.1 6789.1

6423.2 6223.2 7023.2 9813.2 2713.2 5513.2 9313.2 4213.2 9013.2 5903.2 2803.2 9603.2 6503.2 4403.2 3303.2 2203.2 1103.2 0003.2 0992.2 1892.2 1792.2 2692.2 4592.2 5492.2 7392.2 9292.2 1292.2 4192.2 6092.2 9982.2 2982.2 6882.2 9782.2 3782.2 7682.2 1682.2 5582.2 9482.2 4482.2 8382.2 3382.2 8282.2 3282.2 8182.2 3182.2 9082.2

1896.2 1596.2 3296.2 6986.2 0786.2 6486.2 2286.2 0086.2 8776.2 7576.2 7376.2 8176.2 0076.2 2866.2 5666.2 9466.2 3366.2 8166.2 3066.2 9856.2 5756.2 1656.2 9456.2 6356.2 4256.2 2156.2 1056.2 0946.2 9746.2 9646.2 8546.2 9446.2 9346.2 0346.2 1246.2 2146.2 3046.2 5936.2

36.2 78 9736.2 1736.2 4636.2 6536.2 9436.2 2436.2 5336.2


401

88 98 09 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99 001

4266.1 2266.1 0266.1 8166.1 6166.1 4166.1 2166.1 1166.1 9066.1 7066.1 6066.1 4066.1 2066.1

3789.1 0789.1 7689.1 4689.1 1689.1 8589.1 5589.1

589.1 2 0589.1 7489.1 5489.1 2489.1 0489.1

4082.2 0082.2 5972.2 1972.2 7872.2 3872.2 9772.2 5772.2 1772.2 7672.2 4672.2 0672.2 7572.2

9236.2 2236.2 6136.2 9036.2 3036.2 7926.2 1926.2 6826.2 0826.2 5726.2 9626.2 4626.2 9526.2

r lebaT

N 1 faraT

isnakifingiS N faraT

isnakifingiS N faraT

isnakifingiS %5 %1 %5 %1 %5 %1

3 799,0 999,0 72 183,0 784,0 55 662,0 543,0 4 059,0 099,0 82 473,0 874,0 06 452,0 033,0 5 878,0 595,0 92 763,0 074,0 56 442,0 713,0 6 118,0 719,0 03 163,0 364,0 07 532,0 603,0 7 457,0 478,0 13 533,0 654,0 57 722,0 692,0 8 707,0 438,0 23 943,0 944,0 08 022,0 682,0 9 666,0 897,0 33 443,0 244,0 58 312,0 872,0 01 236,0 567,0 43 933,0 634,0 09 702,0 072,0 11 206,0 537,0 53 433,0 034,0 59 202,0 362,0 21 765,0 807,0 63 923,0 424,0 001 591,0 652,0 31 355,0 486,0 73 523,0 814,0 521 971,0 032,0 41 235,0 166,0 83 023,0 314,0 051 951,0 012,0 51 145,0 146,0 93 613,0 804,0 571 841,0 491,0 61 794,0 326,0 04 213,0 304,0 002 831,0 181,0 71 284,0 606,0 14 803,0 893,0 003 311,0 841,0 81 864,0 095,0 24 403,0 393,0 004 890,0 821,0 91 654,0 575,0 34 103,0 983,0 005 880,0 511,0 02 444,0 165,0 44 792,0 483,0 006 080,0 501,0 12 334,0 945,0 54 492,0 083,0 007 470,0 790,0 22 324,0 735,0 64 192,0 673,0 008 070,0 190,0 32 314,0 625,0 74 882,0 273,0 009 560,0 680,0 42 404,0 515,0 84 482,0 863,0 0001 260,0 180,0 52 693,0 505,0 94 182,0 463,0 62 883,0 694,0 05 972,0 163,0


501

NARIPMAL 01 NAITILENEP NIJI TARUS


601


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