pertemuan 4
TRANSCRIPT
STIEPAR YAPARI AKTRIPA BANDUNG
1. Mendukung Pelestarian Alam dan Perlindungan lingkungan
2. Pelaksanaan kegitaan di sekitar kawasan (destinasi) dilakukan dengan rasa tanggung jawab yang tinggi dengan menggunakan prinsip – prinsip manajemen hijau/ramah lingkungan
3. Menciptakan kemitraan lokal4. Pariwisata yang berdampak negative
rendah
Prinsip dasar pengembangan kawasan wisata
5. Keuntungan ekonomi bagi masyarakat lokal6. Menggunakan panduan yang umum dan
dapat dipertanggung jawabkan 7. Perencanaan pengembangan pariwisata
yang terpadu dan berkelanjutan8. Pengalaman yang tidak terlupakan di
daerah tujuan wisata yang eksotik9. Pendidikan lingkungan, kepedulian dan
tanggapan terhadap sumber daya10. Pelibatan masyarakat lokal
Prinsip dasar pengembangan kawasan wisata
There must be a balance between “a degree or type of development that will bring economic and other benefits to a community and the point at which that development starts to feed on rather than sustain the very elements at its basis.” (Cronin, 1990)
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Sustainable Tourism Development
Follow ethical principles
Involve the local population
Give the local population an element of control
Be undertaken with equity in mind(Cronin, 1990)
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Criteria for Sustainable Development
1. Define goals of STD for a destination.2. Establish appropriate planning and management
framework.3. Select relevant indicators from a candidate list of
environmental, economic, and socio-cultural criteria.4. Measure and monitor these indicators.5. Periodically analyze and assess
indicator performance.6. Determine whether original goals
are being achieved.7. Implement remedial action if necessary.
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Operationalizing Sustainable Tourism Development
Source: Weaver & Lawton, 1999
Environmental◦ Destruction or alteration of natural habitat by tourism construction◦ Amount of litter associated with tourism activities◦ Resource consumption associated with tourism
Economic◦ Revenues earned directly from tourism◦ Proportion of destination employment associated with tourism◦ Profitability of individual operations
Socio-Cultural◦ Number of resident complaints against tourism◦ Amount of crime directed against tourists◦ Number and condition of heritage structures and sites◦ Integrity of the local culture
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Candidate Sustainable Tourism Indicators
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SustainabilityAn “Ideal” Balance of Capacities in Three Systems
Economic Environmental
Socio-Cultural
Maximize Goal Achievement across the three systems at one and the same time through an Adaptive Process of Trade-Offs.
The more the three systems and goals converge, the more sustainable development becomes.
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SustainabilityAn “Ideal” Balance of Capacities in Three Systems
EnvironmentalEconomic
Socio-Cultural
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Sustainability—The Reality
Political-Legal System
Economic
Environmental
Socio-Cultural
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Sustainability—The Reality
Political-Legal System
Economic
Socio-Cultural
Environmental
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Sustainability—The Reality
Political-Legal System
Economic
Environmental
Socio-Cultural
Not possible to maximize all goals at the same time through an adaptive process of trade-offs.
Conflict almost always exists between and among inter- and intra-system goals.
As a result of values, choices are made as to which goals are more valuable and which should receive higher priority.
As a result, different development strategies assign different priorities to the systems and their goals. 13
Sustainability—The Reality
Concept of sustainable development provokes groups at different levels to set a wide spectrum of goals and then to reconcile them.
“It is this reconciliation or trade-offs implicit in sustainable development that has inspired much useful work since the early 1980s… [amounting] to a new renaissance in thinking in social welfare and development issues.” (Holmberg & Sandbrook, 1992)
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Sustainability—The Reality
Patterns of sustainable development must be built from the bottom up, showing what can be achieved at local levels and then working to disseminate positive experiences. (Holmberg &
Sandbrook, 1992)
“Increased emphasis is being placed on those forms of tourism that are particularly sensitive to promoting and retaining the integrity of natural and socio-cultural environments.” (Swinnerton & Hinch, 1994)
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There is No “Shortcut to Sustainability!”