panduan penelitian nhs 2013.rtf

5/19/2018 Panduan Penelitian NHS 2013.rtf

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The Literature Search Process:

Guidance for NHS ResearchersDeveloped by Thames Valley & Wessex Healthcare Librarians*

Version: 5.0 Issue date: August 2013 Review date: January 2015

Introduction

This document was deveo!ed in !artnershi! with the Thames Vaey Research "#eveo!ment $etwor% and is maintained &y heathcare i&rarians in Thames Vaey "'essse(. Its aim is to su!!ort $)* researchers in carrying out e+ective iterature searches.This wi he! ensure that research is not du!icated and that iterature searches retrieve the&est avaia&e evidence.

This document !rovides guidance ,or the ,oowing %ey ste!s:

1 !anning a iterature search

2 identi,ying %ey sources o, in,ormation

3 guidance in carrying out an e+ective iterature search

4 documenting the search !rocess

*tructured guidance and a chec%ist coumn are !rovided ,or each section so that

researchers can -uic%y identi,y and tic% o+ the necessary eements. ou are strongyencouraged to contact your oca heathcare i&rarian at the start o, your research !ro/ectthey wi &e a&e to o+er !ro,essiona advice and su!!ort. To nd your oca i&rary !easevisit htt!:www.hisd.org

This wor% &uids on !revious internationa wor% in this area which is credited in the&i&iogra!hy.

This is a wor%ing document that wi evove to meet the needs o, the oca $)* researchcommunity there,ore your ,eed&ac% is o, the utmost im!ortance. 4ease contact us withcomments and suggestions.

*arah ewis 6inica 7utreach i&rarian 8uc%inghamshire )eathcare $)* TrustTe: 0129 ;10;2 emai: *arah.ewisiham 8everey )i(on ?ran amusse Ae( 6oey @arena *ce!ans%a Jo ?a&ing 6ive @is%in 8ar&ara@oye Ji 8uc%and Jo aing i 6aow. Than%s aso to Rosaind @c$ay ,rom @anchester )eath and *ocia6are Trust.

With grateful acknowledgements to: Carol Lefvebre (UK Cochrane Centre), Claire CheongLeen, teve !airman,

!unmi !a"emisin, #eo$ !leet, %nnette &ackett, 'essica homas, al rinder and delegates of the *nd

hames alle+


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-. /etwork Worksho0, 12ford, 34th

'ul+ *5567


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CONTENTS

8age

SearchPlanning Form 3

Guidance Notes for Use with Search Planning Form: USING PICOAS AN EA!P"E B

Guidance Notes for Use with Search Planning Form: OT#E$F$A!E%O$&S 5

"iterature Search Protocols

*ection 1. Resource chec%ist

eve 1: 6ore resources

aC @inimum core resources

&C 7ther core resources

eve 2: Recommended resources D

eve 3: Additiona resources D

*ection 2. *earch strategy chec%ist

aC Range o, search terms ;

&C #ata&ase su&/ect headings ;

cC *earch techni-ues 9

*ection 3. *earch documentation chec%ist 10

A''endices ( see se'arate document

1. >uide to sources o, in,ormation i

2. Additiona su&/ect s!ecic data&ases (vi

3. 8i&iogra!hy (viii

2


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Search Planning Form

Ese this ,orm to identi,ycari,y the %ey conce!ts and the sco!e o, your researchto!ic.

ee the guidance notes for a worked e2am0le

#ate search started: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF #ate search com!eted:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

1.)our $esearch To'ic

2. *rea+ down ,our to'ic into +e, conce'ts or categories to formulate a clear clinical-uestion

(f +our to0ic does not easil+ ;t into these categories, see the guidance notes on 0age 4)

Patient.Po'ulationand.or

Inter/ention/E0'osure

Com'arison.Control Outcome

Pro1lem

Alternati/e %ords ( ist &eow in the a!!ro!riate coumn

3.)our $esearch 2uestion

4. Search limits*tudy ty!e: 4u&ication date:

Age range: anguage:

7ther:


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3


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Guidance notes for use with Search Planning Form: USING PICO ASAN EA!P"E

1.)our $esearch To'ic ( &rieGy descri&e in your own words the %ey as!ects o, your researchto!ic

2.*rea+ down ,our to'ic into +e, conce'ts or categories to formulate a clear clinical-uestion

The 4I67 mode HRichardson 1995C is an evidence&ased mode ,or ,ormuating a cinica-uestion using the headings Patient!o!uation andor !ro&emIntervention3 Com!arison andOutcome. 8y dividing your to!ic into these orsimiar categories you wi aso &e doing thegroundwor% ,or deveo!ing a search strategy. f the 8C1 headings do noteasil+ ;t +our researchto0ic, 0lease see 0age 4 for alternatives7

1 Patient.Po'ulation.Pro1lem any characteristics that dene your !atient or!o!uation e.g. target cinicacondition coe(isting condition ethnicity age grou!

2 Inter/ention.E0'osure what you want to do with the !atient!o!uation!ro&eme.g. ,orm o, treatmentdiagnostic test education !rogramme ty!e o, service deivery.This can aso incude any e(!osures He.g. as&estosC or ,actors inGuencing !rognosis

3 Com'arison.Control Hi, a!!ica&eC( aternativeHsC to main intervention e.g. !ace&o

4 Outcomes any outcomes or e+ects reating to the intervention e.g. !reventionside e+ects mor&idity-uaity o, i,e coste+ectiveness

The 4I67 headings shown in the e(am!e do not have to &e a!!ied rigidy and there are anum&er o, variations e.g.

1 PICOT 4 Patient Intervention Com!arison Outcome Time ?rame H?ineout7verhotand Johnson 2005C

2 PICOCs Po!uation Interventions Com!arators Outcomes Conte(t Studydesign H4etticrew andRo&erts 2005C

'hen ing in each category consider any synonyms aternative %eywords di+erents!eings acronyms etc. to incude in your search strategy see guidance notes on 0age uideines sitese.g. $)* Lvidence

$I6L

! 'e&sites o, reevant associations &odies5


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earched />% Unable to

8 $esource Chec+list !continued" "E9E" 6: $ECO!!EN5E5 $ESOU$CES access

"e/el 6: $ecommended resources

Case re'orts*ome o, these resources may he! to ocateun!u&ished

iterature incuding theses " con,erence!roceedings. ! 6ases#ata&ase

They are use,u i, you need a greater eve o,condence

Conference 'roceedings

! PeT76=that you are not du!icating other research.)owever

access to some o, these sources may &e

imited. 5issertations and ThesesThere may aso &e other su&/ect s!ecicdata&ases o,

! #ART Luro!e LThesis 4orta

!interest. #issertation and Theses #ata&ase =

= Resources mar%ed with a = are not avaia&ethrough

! LTh7*

! Inde( to Theses=$)* Athens or ,ree on the Internet. Access isthrough

su&scri!tion ony &ut may &e accessi&e at youroca ! $etwor%ed #igita i&rary o, Theses and #issertationsheath or academic i&rary.

5rug Information

! #rug and Thera!eutics 8uetin =

! @icromede( =

! @edicines In,ormation

! 4harmaceutica and device manu,acturers

Gre, "iterature

! 7!en >rey

"i1rar, catalogues

Other resources

! $I)R Journas i&rary

! QI44 HQuaity Innovation 4roductivity and 4reventionC

! EO #uets H#ata&ase o, Encertainties a&out the L+ectso,

TreatmentsC

Su1;ect S'eci


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! 8ioogica A&stracts=

! LRI6 HLducation Resources In,ormation 6enterC

"

(hames )alle+ - Wesse2 Literature earch 8rotocols v7475, %ugust*539

$ECO!!EN5E5 $ESOU$CES CONTINUE5 earched />%Unableto

! >o&a )eath =

! )eath 8usiness Lite

! @aternity and In,ant 6are=

! *ciVerse *co!us=

! *ocia 4oicy and 4ractice=

! *cience 6itation Inde( L(!anded=

! *ocia *ciences 6itation Inde( =

! T7$LT HTo(icoogyC

! 'ord )eath 7rganisation Regiona #ata&ases

$esearch in 'rogress . s'ecialist health researchresources

! 6inicaTrias.gov

! metaRegister o, 6ontroed Trias HmR6TC

! $I)R 6inica Research $etwor% 4ort,oio #ata&ase

!

4ros!ero HInternationa 4ros!ective Register o,*ystematicReviewsC

%e1 search engines e.g. >ooge >ooge *choar

"e/el =: Additional resources "E9E" = : A55ITIONA" SEA$C# !ET#O5SThese resources wi ,urther increase the

!

6ontacting centres o, e(ceence and e(!erts in theedcom!rehensiveness o, your search. $.8. you may

want to

! Lmai onine discussion grou!sweigh u! the i%eihood o, ocating signicantynewin,ormation &e,ore investing the time needed toe(!ore ! )and searching o, %ey /ournasthese methods.

! 6itation trac%ing re,erence ist chec%ing


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#


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6 Search Strateg, Chec+list

8e,ore carrying out your search you wi need to identi,y your research -uestion and !an your search strategy. ou wi areadyhave identied your research -uestion and &ro%en it down into di+erent conce!ts when com!eting the *earch 4anning ?orm.

This section wi he! you identi,y a range o, %eywords reevant to your research -uestion. It incudes essentia searchtechni-ues that shoud &e used wherever !ossi&e to carry out an e+ective search o, your chosen sources. 6ontact youroca heathcare i&rarian ,or ,urther advice training

Used .Identi

=mergenc+ oomeach data&ase and review your search termsHand i,

! #i+erences in s!eings e.g.anaemia > anemianecessary your research -uestion and itssco!eC

! 7d and new terminoogy e.g.mongolism > down s+ndrome&e,ore carrying out your na searches.

! 8rand and generic names e.g.coumadin > warfarin

! ay and medica terminoogy e.g.stroke > cerebrovascular accident

*u&/ect headings are used to inde( thecontent o, 1 5ata1ase su1;ect headingsmost &i&iogra!hic data&ases H@L#I$LL@8A*Letc.C L(am!e: heart attac% is inde(edunder

! Identi,y a!!ro!riate su&/ect headings ,or each data&ase used@76AR#IA I$?AR6TI7$The su&/ect headings ist used in @L#I$Lis caed

@e*) H@edica *u&/ect )eadingsC. ! 6hec% coverage sco!e and denition o, each su&/ect headingoo% ,or the @e*) or Thesaurus o!tions toidenti,y

$8: *ometimes su&/ect headings are not dened as you might e(!ect e.g.the @e*) heading


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the most a!!ro!riate su&/ect heading ,orthe

S*ER>LR is used to inde( materia on the disci!ine o, surgery not surgica!rocedures Hthis

%eyword you have entered. is inde(ed under *ER>I6A 4R76L#ERL* 74LRATIVLC.6orrect use o, su&/ect headings im!rovestheaccuracy o, your resuts and is essentia toan

e+ective search. H*ee section 2cC

See ne0t 'age for continued guidancenotes.

$


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6 SearchStrateg,Chec+list

!continued"

GuidanceNotes@ost o,

these searchtechni-uesare ,or usewith&i&iogra!hicdata&asese.g.@L#I$L. I,a !articuarsearchtechni-ue isnota!!ica&etic% the &o(in the $Acoumn.

Truncation

Truncation

sym&osHaso %nownas widcardsCare used tore!ace anynum&er o,charactersat the end o,the worde7g7behavio@ willalso ;ndbehaviors,behaviourbehavioural

etc7Theactuasym&osused varyde!endingon thedata&aseservice!rovider.As adata&asecan &emadeavaia&ethrough

more thanoneservice!rovideryou wineed tochec% thedata&asehe!section tond outwhichsym&o touse. Themostcommonsym&o = isused &y4u&medand the$)*Lvidence)eathcare#ata&ases. 7therdata&asesor service!rovidersmay use Uor M

Com1iningsearch

results

Ese AN5to com&inetwo di+erent conce!tse.g. dia&etes A$#insuin

HA$# wi narrow yoursearch yourresuts must incudeA your statedconce!tsC

Ese O$to search ,orsimiar conce!ts e.g.retina 7R eye

H7R wi widen yoursearch yourresuts wi incudea @I$I@E@ 7? 7$Lo, your namedconce!tsC

U'dating searches:this !rocess can havemany !it,as. I, youhave a !re!re!aredsearch that you wish tou!date or rerun at aater date !easecontact your ocaheathcare i&rarian.


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c Search techni-ues! 6arry out se!arate searches ,or each individua conce!t and thencom&ine at a

ater stage

=2am0le search

1. dia&etic 7R dia&etes

2. retina 7R eye3. 1 A$# 2

! Ese a com&ination o, te(t words H,ree te(tC and su&/ect headingsearches

! Ese a!!ro!riate truncation ,or te(t word searches where a!!ica&e

e.g. nurs= tond nurse, nurses, nursing

!

L(!odeW Hi.e. e(!andC data&ase su&/ect headings where a!!ro!riateto incudenarrower terms

! Avoid restricting data&ase su&/ect heading searches using the descri0torsA

or subheadingreevant materiaC

! Ese A$# 7R a!!ro!riatey to com&ine resuts o, se!arate searches

! Avoid imiting your search to Lngish anguage Hto he! !revent &iasC

! 'hen searching we&sites or other eectronic sources use thAdvancedW search

o!tion where avaia&e! I, a!!ro!riate use search ters H!re!re!ared search strateidenti,y

!articuar ty!es o, research studies e.g. randomised contr*ources o,

search ters incude:

14

u&@ed

Ws6inicaQu

eries

2 6ochrane i&rary)and&oo%

3 InterTA*6In,ormation*!eciaistsX*u&>rou!*earch?iterResource

4 6ontactyour ocaheathcarei&rarian ,or

advice.

2 Ese the 4u&@edreated articesW,unction and istso, re,erences in6I$A)

3 6hec% there,erences citedin any research other reevantmateriaretrieved

%


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= Search 5ocumentation Chec+list

Guidance Notes

This chec%ist outines the minimum re-uired to document thesearch !rocess carried out in su!!ort o, any research !ro!osa.

A eements must &e ceary documented ,or eachresource searched.

*ee the Guide to Sources of Informationin the A!!endices,or detais o, each resource isted in the chec%ist.

Please ensure ,our research 'ro'osal includes:

a Clearl, statedresearch -uestion

1 E0'lanation ofthe sco'e of theresearch -uestion

c For data1asesearches3s'eci


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NOTES

panduan penelitian nhs 2013.rtf

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