MODUL PERKULIAHAN

Bahasa Inggris 4Modul 4

Modul Standar untuk digunakan dalam Perkuliahan di Universitas Mercu Buana

FakultasProgram StudiTatap MukaKode MKDisusun Oleh

Ilmu KomunikasiHubungan Masyarakat05A61423EL(E-206)Drs. Masari, MM

AbstractKompetensi

Modul bahasa Inggris ini berisi Gerund sesuai dengan fungsinya secara benar dan praktis

Mahaisiswa diharapkan memahami dan mampu menggunakan Gerund sesuai dengan fungsinya secara benar dan praktis

Standarisasi ModulLatar BelakangStandarisasi Modul ini disusun dan diterapkan untuk1. Menjadi acuan pemahaman dan pemakaian Gerund yang benar dan praktis2. Memberikan kemudahan dalam memahami dan menggunakan Gerund secara praktis 3. Menambah kompetensi sesuai dengan aturan grammatical. 4. Membantu meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa Inggris dengan benar dan praktis.

GERUND

(Kata Kerja Verb 1 + ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata Benda)

PENJELASAN GERUND adalah bentuk kata kerja Verb+ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda (noun)Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda maka Gerund dapat menduduki posisi sebagai Subyek, Obyek kata kerja atau kata depan, atau Pelengkap. 1. Sebagai Subyek Kalimat Contoh: Swimming can make us healthy. Having good education can be a future capital. Being sick causes him to stop his music tour. Reading a lot is a must for every student. Being a nurse is her ambition. Gerund used as a subjectComplete the sentences with the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.1. (cook) is one of her hobbies. 2. (cycle) is fun. 3. (Get) a good job is not easy. 4. (Find) a parking space is quite difficult in this area. 5. (drive) becomes more and more expensive. 6. No (smoke) in this area. 7. (work) overtime is quite common in this company. 8. (eat) fruits and vegetables is good for your health. 9. (make) fun of other people is not nice. 10. (learn) about other cultures makes people more tolerant.

2. Sebagai Obyek KalimatSetelah kata kerja tertentu, misalnya: ADMIT (mengaku): Krishna admitted keeping secret documents. APPRECIATE (menghargai): We all appreciate your coming. ANTICIPATE (mengantisipasi): I anticipate wearing raincoat before raining. AVOID (menghindari): Grace avoids Tommys coming to the party. CANT BEAR (tak suka): I cant bear waiting for you too long. CANT HELP (tak tahan): I cant help smiling after finding them. CANT STAND (tak tahan): You cant stand being alone. CANT RESIST (tak tahan): I couldnt resist telling her his secret. CARRY ON (terus): We can carry on talking about this case after lunch. CONSIDER (mempertimbangkan): I am considering changing my present job. DENY (menolak): That man denies selling drugs. DISLIKE (tidak suka): I dislike watching horror film. DETEST(benci sekali): Susy detests talking with a bad guy. ENJOY (menikmati) The students enjoy listening to western songs. ESCAPE (lepas/lolos): The prisoners manage to escape being shot death. EXCUSE (maaf): Please excuse my coming. FANCY (bayangkan): Oh, my God! I never fancy marrying Laila. FIND (mendapati): The policeman found the criminal hiding in the jungle. GIVE UP (menyerah) Finally, she gives up telling a lie. GO ON (terus): You can go on working in his company. IMAGINE (bayangkan): I never imagine having a luxurious house. LEAVE OFF (berhenti): You must leave off making trouble. MIND (keberatan): Would you mind opening the door, please? MISS (gagal/luput): I dont want to miss watching a world cup tonight. PARDON (maafkan): Pardon me interrupting you, Sir. PUT OFF (menunda): Dont put off doing your homework until tomorrow. POSTPONE (menunda): The government postpones rising the oil price. PRACTICE (praktek): Lets practice speaking English on Wednesdays. RECOLLECT (mengingat): I dont recollect meeting Emilia. SMELL (mencium/membau): I smell something burning here. SUGGEST (menganjurkan): The doctor suggests the patients having enough rest. ATTENTION (Perhatikan) kata kerja di bawah ini yang memiliki arti yang berbeda bila kata kerja itu diikuti oleh Verb+ing atau Verb-1/Infinitive.!!!

FORGET, REMEMBER dan STOP dapat diikuti oleh Gerund (Verb-ing) atau To Infinitive (to+Verb-1), Contoh: Rini forgets posting the letter (Dia sudah mengirim surat TAPI dia lupa. Surat sudah dikirim). Rini forgets to post the letter (Dia lupa untuk mengirim surat. Surat belum dikirim karena dia lupa).

3. Setelah prepositions (Kata Depan), misalnya: at, in, on, of, off, against, after, before, for dan lain sebagainya.

4. Sebagai subjective complement

Example: Her hobby is cooking.

5. Sebagai noun adjunct Example: Walking stick. A. TO INFINITIVEGeneral form : to + V1To infinitive umum digunakan untuk: 1. Menunjukkan alasan/tujuan : I studied at UMB to improve my understanding about industrial engineering. 2. Setelah adjective : everyone was eager to listen to the teachers explanation. 3. Setelah too + adjective : She is too smart to fail the test. 4. Setelah adjective + for + O : The company is comfortable for me to work for. 5. Setelah adjective + enough : The car is large enough to carry all of us. 6. Setelah verb tertentu : They plan to get married as soon as they are ready.

Verb dan Expression yang umum diikuti to infinitive : agree- hope- pretend- etc afford- hesitate - refuse arrange- intend- seem attempt- learn- tend decide - offer- want determine- plan- be about expect- prepare- be able fail - proceed - be likely happen- promise

7. Sesudah verb + object : He advised her to study hard. Verbs yang umum diikuti object + to infinitive : advise- instruct- recommend allow- invite- require ask- order- show command- permit- teach encourage- persuade- tell expect- remind- warn force - request- etcnote : Setelah verb of perception ( feel, hear, notice, listen, look, observe, see, watch, overhear, etc) dapat digunakan V1 (infinitive tanpa to) atau V-ing (present participle) Examples: I saw the girl cross the street.I saw the girl crossing the street.The Infinitive with toafter:the firstGagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship.

the lastPeter was the last to watch the film.

the nextHe is the next to get his passport.

after:adjectivesI'm happy to be here.

It's better not to smoke.

after:certain verbs (agree, choose, forget, hope, learn, promise, regret*, want, )I learn to drive a car.

* After regret the to-infinitive is used when announcing bad news:We regret to inform you that the flight to Munich has been cancelled.In other cases the Gerund is used.after:question words I don't know what to say.

Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

after:want/would likeI want you to help me.

verb + object + to-infinitiveI helped my dad to clean the car.

NOTE!!!I want to help you.I want you to help me.

The Infinitive without toafter auxiliaries/modalsCanHe can run very fast.

CouldAs a boy he could run very fast.

MayI may fly to Africa this summer.

MightI might fly to Africa this summer.

MustI must go now.

mustn'tYou mustn't smoke here.

needn'tYou needn't go.

ShallWe shall sing a song.

ShouldWe should sing a song.

WillShe will cook a meal for his birthday.

WouldShe would cook a meal for his birthday.

after to doDoI don't know.

after the following expressions:had betterYou had better clean up your room.

would ratherSusan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.

would soonerI would sooner read a book than watch this film.

why notWhy not ask your neighbour for help?

why should weWhy should we go by car?

why should we notWhy should we not go by car?

after verbs of perception + object (action has finished):feelShe feels the rain fall on her face.

hearI heard Peter sing a song.

noticeMandy noticed the boy climb the tree.

seeThey saw him climb up the roof.

watchHe watched the thieves steal a car.

after let + object:letSandy let her child go out alone.

Mother let her daughter decide on her own.

let'sLet's go for a walk through the park.

after make + object:makeShe made Peggy and Samantha clean the room.

Infinitives exerciseJoin each pair of sentences by using infinitives.1. He did not have even a penny with him. He could not buy a loaf of bread.2. Every cricket team has a captain. He leads other players.3. You must part with your belongings. Only on this condition you can save your life.4. He went to England. He wanted to learn English.5. The robber took out a knife. He wanted to frighten the traveler.6. I speak the truth. I am not afraid of it.7. He wants to be a millionaire. He works hard for that reason.8. He has five children. He must provide for them.9. He collects old stamps. It is his hobby.10. That young man has squandered away all his wealth. He must have been foolish.Put in the verbs in brackets in the Gerund or the to-infinitive.

Example: They go on _______ (read) the book.

Answer: They go on reading the book.

1) I can't imagine Peter (go) by bike.

2) He agreed (buy) a new car.

3) The question is easy (answer).

4) The man asked me how (get) to the airport.

5) I look forward to (see) you at the weekend.

6) Are you thinking of (visit) London?

7) We decided (run) through the forest.

8) The teacher expected Sarah (study) hard.

9) She doesn't mind (work) the night shift.

10) I learned (ride) the bike at the age of 5.

Determine whether these sentences are correct (c) or incorrect (i) . And correct them if they are incorrect. 1. ___: I call you up this morning to tell you about the news. 2. ___: Those two examples are quite difficult understanding. 3. ___: His hobby is to read science books. 4. ___: I need getting a new briefcase to replace this one. 5. ___: The girls decided joining the group on a sightseeing trip to Lombok.6. ___: She doesnt feel like studying tonight. 7. ___: The boss refused to accept his proposal. 8. ___: You must stop to smoke. It is not good at all. 9. ___: It is hot here; the air-conditioner is not working. I think it only needs to clean. 10. ___: It is impossible doing that without any help from you. 11. ___: My father asked me not to open the parcel until he came home. 12. ___: Yani is looking forward to discussing the problem next week. 13. ___: Edward is smart enough to solve the problem. 14. ___: Tina takes an English course improving her ability to speak English. 15. ___: On the way home, Nina overhead Dira to mention her name. 16. ___: Rudy needed repairing his broken toy. 17. ___: It is boring to wait for hours.18. ___: You ought to postpone leaving until next Wednesday. 19. ___: They are about sending the letter for her. 20. ___: On the fourth of February, I went to UMB learning English.21. ___: Would you mind to open both of those windows? 22. ___: Merry promised me to return it as soon as possible. 23. ___: He mentioned the possibility of buying a new car. 24. ___: We came to listen to the program, not discussing it. 25. ___: They have offered showing us how to operate the machine.26. ___: All of the members object to sign the new regulation of the organization. 27. ___: I took the cover off the machine showing it to them. 28. ___: Andi didnt explain his reason for to quit his job. 29. ___: Did you remind the man to lock both of the doors?30. ___: The teacher encourages the students working by themselves.31. ___: Writing good composition is extremely difficult. 32. ___: The point of the pin is too small to see. 33. ___: why did you insist on looking at the picture? 34. ___: To learn English quickly is not easy. 35. ___: Jack enjoyed to go with her husband. 36. ___: By reading a lot, you will get more knowledge. 37. ___: He is not afraid of to tell the truth. 38. ___: Mr. Sahid is used to reciting Al Quran at night. 39. ___: Ferlina couldnt stand to watch people beaten by others. 40. ___: His boss refused to consider to give him a day off.

Exercise on GerundComplete the sentences with the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.1. She is good at (dance) . 2. He is crazy about (sing) . 3. I don't like (play) cards. 4. They are afraid of (swim) in the sea. 5. You should give up (smoke) . 6. Sam dreams of (be) a popstar. 7. He is interested in (make) friends. 8. My uncle is afraid of (go) by plane. 9. We insist on (cook) the dinner ourselves.

TestWrite down the ing-form (Gerund) of the following verbs. spell - discover - copy - chase - hug - Complete the sentences using infinitive constructions. My father taught me (dance / how) We haven't decided yet (put / the bed / where) She was explaining (use / the gadget / how) I forgot to ask (pick him up / where) I wondered (address / him / whether) or not. Fill in the gerund as the subject of the sentence. (fly) to London has become rather cheap. (smoke) is prohibited at petrol stations. (swim) is good for your health. (travel) is one of my hobbies. (cycle) is impossible on this sandy ground. Decide whether to use Infinitive (with/without to) or Gerund. I enjoy on holiday. He used to in the country. She is used to in the country. I am tired of . Ellen made me .

Daftar Pustaka:

[1] TOEFL. Binarupa Aksara. 9th Edition. 2000[2] Magazine., Campus Asia, volume 2 Number 1 March 2008[3] Muhammad., Memahami Struktur dan Tata Bahasa TOEFL, Lingua Publishing, Jogjakarta, 2006[4] Murphy Raymond., English Grammar I Use, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987

131313Bahasa Inggris IVPusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning

Drs. Masari, MMhttp://www.mercubuana.ac.id