makalah psikologi dan komunikasi-rita
TRANSCRIPT
7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-psikologi-dan-komunikasi-rita 1/7
MAKALAH PSIKOLOGI DAN KOMUNIKASI
ENCOURAGING ADHERENCE TO RECOMENDATIONS
(Kepatuhan Pasien Terhadap Anjuran )
Dosen :
AULIA ISKANDARSYAH, !Psi!, !S"!, Ph!D!
Residen :
DR#! RITA $ARDHANI
NP! %&'%%*'''
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI SPESIALIS
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU PENYAKIT MULUT
UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN
2015
1
7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-psikologi-dan-komunikasi-rita 2/7
ENCOURAGING ADHERENCE TO RECOMENDATIONS
( Kepatuhan Pasien Terhadap Anjuran )
I! Pendahu+uan
Berdasarka !a"#ra $HO "ada %a&' 200() ke"a%'&a ra%a*ra%a "as+e "ada
%era"+ ,a-ka "a,a- %er&ada" "e.ak+% kr#+s d+ e-ara /a,' &a.a seesar 50)
seda-ka d+ e-ara erke/a- ,'/!a& %erse'% a&ka !e+& reda& Ke"a%'&a
"as+e sa-a% d+"er!'ka '%'k /e3a"a+ keer&as+!a %era"+ Beera"a "e.ak+% .a-
/e/er!'ka %+-ka% ke"a%'&a "as+e .a- %+--+ a%ara !a+ D+ae%es Me!!+%'s)
H+"er%es+) As/a) Kaker) Ga--'a Me%a!) Pe.ak+% I4eks+ HIVAIDS) da TB6
Da%a $HO %erse'% /e,ad+ s'a%' -a/ara e%a"a /a,'.a s'a%' e-ara
a-ka ke"a%'&a "as+e %er&ada" %+daka "e-#a%a /as+& sa-a% reda& Ada.a
d+a-#sa da %era"+ .a- %e"a%) "e/+!+&a "e-#a%a .a- ear dar+ %ea-a
kese&a%a %+dak /e,a/+ keer&as+!a s'a%' %era"+ ,+ka %+dak d++k'%+ de-a
ke"a%'&a "as+e da /e-k#s'/s+ #a% da /e,a!aka ra-ka+a %era"+
Ke%+dak"a%'&a "ase "ada %era"+ s'a%' "e.ak+% /e/er+ka da/"ak e-a%+4
.a- 3'k'" esar .a+%' "erse%ase kas's*kas's "e.ak+% %erse'% d+ se!'r'& d'+a
/e3a"a+ 57 dar+ se!'r'& "e.ak+% "ada %a&' 2001
Beera"a &a! "e%+- .a- /e/"e-ar'&+ ke"a%'&a a%ara !a+ 4ak%#r "as+e)
4ak%#r %era"+) 4ak%#r s+s%e/ kese&a%a) 4ak%#r !+-k'-a ) da 4ak%#r s#s+a! ek##/+
Pe/ea&a 'ka &a.a "ada 4ak%#r "as+e sa,a %e%a"+ %er&ada" "e%'-as "e!aksaa
"e!a.aa kese&a%a da s+s%e/ "e!a.aa kese&a%a +%' sed+r+ &ar's d+!ak'ka
II! Tinjauan Pustaa
II.1 Pen-ertian Adherence
2
7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-psikologi-dan-komunikasi-rita 3/7
Ke"a%'&a a%a' ke%aa%a 8compliance/adherence9 ada!a& %+-ka% "as+e
/e!aksaaka 3ara "e-#a%a da "er+!ak' .a- d+saraka #!e& d#k%er.a a%a' #!e&
#ra- !a+ 8S/e%) 1::79
Ke"a%'&a "as+e sea-a+ se,a'& /aa "er+!ak' "as+e ses'a+ de-a
ke%e%'a .a- d+er+ka #!e& "r#4es+#a! kese&a%a 8N+;e) 20029
Ke"a%'&a a%a' ke%aa%a %er&ada" "e-#a%a /ed+s ada!a& s'a%' ke"a%'&a
"as+e %er&ada" "e-#a%a .a- %e!a& d+%e%'ka 8Ga+%) 1:::9 Peder+%a .a- "a%'&
er#a% ada!a& .a- /e.e!esa+ka "e-#a%a se3ara %era%'r da !e-ka" %a"a
%er"'%'s se!a/a /++/a! < '!a sa/"a+ de-a : '!a 8De"kes RI) 20009
6'e# da S+der %a&' 1:=: da!a/ 'k' E3&a3+- Pa%+e% 6#/"!+a3e
>+%& T'er3'!#s+s T&era". 6!++3 + 6&es% Med+3+e %a&' 200? /e.e'%ka a&>a
"e-#a%a /e/er!'ka ,a-ka >ak%' .a- "a,a- aka /e/er+ka "e-ar'& "ada
"eder+%a se"er%+ @
a Mer'"aka s'a%' %ekaa "s+k#!#-+s a-+ se#ra- "eder+%a %a"a ke!'&a
a%a' -e,a!a "e.ak+% saa% d+.a%aka sak+% da &ar's /e,a!a+ "e-#a%a
sek+a !a/a
Ba-+ "eder+%a de-a ke!'&a a%a' -e,a!a "e.ak+% se%e!a& /e,a!a+
"e-#a%a 1*2 '!a a%a' !e+& !a/a ke!'&a aka se-era erk'ra- a%a'
&+!a- sa/a seka!+ "eder+%a aka /erasa se/'& da /a!as '%'k
/eer'ska "e-#a%a ke/a!+
3 Da%a- ke %e/"a% "e-#a%a se!a+ >ak%' .a- %ers+sa ,'-a /e'r'ka
/#%+;as+ .a- aka se/ak+ /e'r' de-a !a/a.a >ak%' "e-#a%a
d Pe-#a%a .a- !a/a /er'"aka ea d+!+&a% dar+ se-+ +a.a .a- &ar's
d+ke!'arka
e E4ek sa/"+- #a% >a!a'"' r+-a %e%a" aka /e/er+ka rasa %+dak eak %er&ada" "eder+%a
4 S'kar '%'k /e.adarka "eder+%a '%'k %er's /+'/ #a% se!a/a
,a-ka >ak%' .a- d+%e%'ka
H#re 8200<9 /ede4++s+ka adherence sea-a+ "er+!ak' /e-k#s'/s+ #a%
.a- /er'"aka kese"aka%a a%ara "as+e de-a "e/er+ rese" Da!a/ "e-er%+a
++) ke!e+&.a ada!a& ada.a keeasa dar+ "as+e da!a/ /e/'%'ska a"aka&
3
7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-psikologi-dan-komunikasi-rita 4/7
aka /e.e%','+ rek#/edas+ dar+ d#k%er a%a' %+dak) da ,+ka %er,ad+ ke-a-a!a da!a/
"r#ses ++) se&ar's.a 'ka a!asa '%'k /e.a!a&ka "as+e
Pe-er%+a adherence erke/a- dar+ compliance) &a.a sa,a da!a/
ad&ere3e !e+& /eekaka ke'%'&a aka kese"aka%a National council of
Patient Informations and Educations 8200?9 se!a,'%.a /ee-aska a&>a da!a/
ad&ere3e "er+!ak' /e-k#s'/s+ #a% #!e& "as+e 3eder'- /e-+k'%+
"ere3aaaa "e-#a%a .a- d+ke/a-ka ersa/a da d+se%','+ a%ara "as+e
da "r#4es+#a!
H#re ) dkk %a&' 200< !e+& /erek#/edas+ka "e-er%+a ke"a%'&a da!a/
/e-k#s'/s+ #a% de-a +s%+!a& ad&ere3e) da &a! ++ a.ak d+d'k'- #!e&
"ee!+%+*"ee!+%+ !a+) karea ada.a ke%er!+a%a "as+e da!a/ "e-a/+!a ke"'%'sa
%e%a- &a!*&a! .a- "as+e +-+ka a%a' &ara"ka da ke"'%'sa .a- >a,ar %e%a-
"e-#a%a .a- d+'a% #!e& d#k%er
Os%erer- da B!as3&ke 820059 ,'-aa /e.araka "e--'aa +s%+!a&
ad&ere3e ,'-a %erda"a% "e-er%+a compliance ) de-a %a/a&a "e-er%+a a&>a
d+ da!a/ ad&ere3e "era "as+e 3eder'- ak%+4 da %erda"a% k#%ak %era"e'%+k .a-
%er,ad+ se%e!a& /e!a!'+ "r#ses k#/'+kas+ da ak&+r.a %er,ad+ kese"aka%a a%araked'a e!a& "+&ak
Dar+ eera"a "e-er%+a d+a%as) "e-er%+a ke"a%'&a da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+
#a% da /e-a3' "ada +s%+!a& adherence, .a- da"a% d+s+/"'!ka sea-a+ "er+!ak'
'%'k /e%aa%+ sara*sara a%a' "r#sed'r dar+ d#k%er %e%a- "e--'aa #a%) .a-
see!'/.a d+da&'!'+ #!e& "r#ses k#s'!%as+ a%ara "as+e a%a' ke!'ar-a de-a
d#k%er sea-a+ "e.ed+a ,asa /ed+s
II! Teori.Teori Kepatuhan
Terda"a% %+-a %e#r+ '%a/a .a- da"a% /e,e!aska /'3'!.a "er+!ak' "a%'&
da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+ #a%) .a+%' @ Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior
8$e+/a H#re) 20059 da Model of Adherence 8M#r-a H#re) 20059
4
7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-psikologi-dan-komunikasi-rita 5/7
a. Health Belief Model
HBM /e,e!aska /#de! "er+!ak' se&a% 8/+sa! /e/er+ksaka d+r+9
/er'"aka 4'-s+ dar+ ke.ak+a "ers#a! %er%a- esar.a a3a/a
"e.ak+% da "e'!ara.a) ser%a ke'%'-a dar+ rek#/edas+ .a-
d+er+ka "e%'-as kese&a%a A3a/a .a- d+rsaka erasa! dar+
ke.ak+a %e%a- keser+'sa .a- d+rasaka %er&ada" "e.ak+% da
kere%aa #ra- %erse'% Id+;+d' ke/'d+a /e+!a+ ke'%'-a
%+daka .a- d+a/+! 8 /+sa! @ er#a% aka /er+-aka s+/"%#/9
Mesk+"' d+a.a-*a.a-+ #!e& r+s+k#*r+s+k# dar+ %+daka .a-
d+a/+!.a M+sa!.a %ak'% aka e4ek sa/"+- /a'"' +a.a dar+
"e-#a%a Berdasarka d+a/+ka %erse'% da"a% d+"a&a/+ a>a
ke"a%'&a da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+ #a% /er'"aka "r#ses .a- d+a>a!+ #!e&
ke.ak+a sese#ra- aka keser+'sa "e.akk%.a) .a- er','- "ada
%+daka '%'k er#a% ke "e%'-as kese&a%a) %er/as'k ke"a%'&a da!a/
/e-k#s'/s+ #a%) >a!a'"' d+a.a-*a.a-+ #!e& res+k# a%a' e4ek
sa/"+- dar+ %+daka %erse'%
b. Theor of !lanned Beha"ior
Te#r+ ++ er'sa&a /e-',+ &''-a a%ara s+ka" da "er+!ak' .a- 4#k's
'%a/a.a ada!a& "ada +%es+ 8+a%9 .a- /e-a%arka &''-a a%ara
s+ka" da "er+!ak') #r/a s',ek%+4 %er&ada" "er+!ak') da k#%r#!
%er&ada" "er+!ak' .a- d+rasaka S+ka" %er&ada" "er+!ak' /er'"aka
"r#d'k dar+ ke.ak+a %e%a- &as+! ak&+r 8/+sa! @ 4rek'es+ keka/'&a
"e.ak+% s%#/a%+%+s erk'ra-9 da +!a+ .a- d+rasaka dar+ &as+! %erse'%
8k#d+s+ ,ara- ka/'& sa-a% "e%+- a-+ #ra- %erse'%9 N#r/a
s',ek%+4 erasa! dar+ "ada-a #ra-*#ra- d+ sek+%ar %e%a- "er+!ak'
er#a% 8/+sa! @ +s%r+ a%a' s'a/+ +-+ a-ar "as+e /e-+k'%+ rek#/edas+dar+ d#k%er9 da /#%+;as+ '%'k /ed'k'- "ada-a*"ada-a dar+
#ra-*#ra- sek+%ar %erse'% +-+ /e.ea-ka "asa-a.a se&+--a
/e-+k'%+ a,'ra d#k%er
K#%r#! "er+!ak' .a- d+rasaka /e--a/arka %e%a- seera"a ,a'&
#ra- %erse'% /erasa a&>a "er+!ak' "a%'& da"a% d+keda!+ka.a Ha!
++ %er-a%'- ke.ak+a #ra- %erse'% a&>a d+r+.a /a/"' /e-#%r#!
se%+a" %+daka.a
c. Model of Adherence
5
7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-psikologi-dan-komunikasi-rita 6/7
M#r-a da H#re 820059 /e-e/'kaka /#de! Unintentional
Nonadherence Intentional Nonadherence ! Unintentional
Nonadherence /e-a3' "ada &a/a%a "as+e da!a/ "r#ses "e-#a%a
Ha/a%a*&a/a%a da"a% /'3'! dar+ ka"as+%as da ke%era%asa
s'/er*s'/er dar+ "as+e) /e!+"'%+ de4+s+es+ /e/#r+ 8/+sa! @ !'"a
+%r'ks+ #a%9) ke%era/"+!a 8 s'!+% /e/'ka ke/asa "e'%'" #a%9 a%a'
/e--'aka "era!a%a da!a/ "e-#a%a) "e-e%a&'a 8%+dak /e.adar+
ke'%'&a '%'k /+'/ #a% %era%'r9 Intentional Nonadherence
/e--a/arka 3ara "as+e .a- %er!+a% da!a/ "e-a/+!a ke"'%'sa
da!a/ "e-#a%a Pada "r#ses ++ %+daka ras+#a! erasa! dar+
ke.ak+a*ke.ak+a) k#d+s+*k#d+s+) "r+#r+%as*"r+#r+%as) "+!+&a*"+!+&a)
da !a%+&a*!a%+&a) /esk+"' "erse"s+ da %+daka ereda a%ara
&ara"a da!a/ "e-#a%a da ras+#a!+%as.a Barer 820029 !e+& !a,'%
/e,e!aska a&>a /e/!a!'+ Theory of Human Error da!a/ #r-a+sas+)
%+daka '+%e%+#a! da +%e%+#a! dar+ "as+e) 4ak%#r !#ka!+%era! da
eks%era!#r-a+sas+#a! sea-a+ "e.ea adherence da nonadherence
#a/0ar %! The #i"e Di$en%ion% of Adherence
III! Kesi/pu+an
1 D+"er!'ka ada.a ker,a sa/a .a- sa!+- /e-'a%ka a%a' k#/+%/e .a-
k'a% a%ara "as+e) %ea-a "r#4es+#a! kese&a%a) da ke!'ar-a '%'k
/e+-ka%ka ke"a%'&a "as+e da!a/ /e,a!a+ %era"+ .a- d+%e%a"ka
2 Reda&.a ke"a%'&a "as+e da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+ #a% a%a' /e!aksaaka
%era"+ .a- d+%e%a"ka /e,ad+ "e.ea '%a/a ke-a-a!a "e-#a%a se!a/a
++ da %+dak %er3a"a+.a %','a "e-#a%a .a- d+&ara"ka
6
7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-psikologi-dan-komunikasi-rita 7/7
Da1tar Pustaa :
>>>'ada3+dke"a%'&a "as+e*4ak%#r "e%+- keer&as+!a %era"+
>>>d+-+!+'+/'sa3+dd#>!#ad
>>>re"#s+%#r.'s'a3+d+%s%rea/
>>>4"s+/er3''aa*.#-.aa3+d20120<
• >>>""s''da3+d%&es+s"d4C%&es+s
7