SGD 15 LBM 3 Step 1 1. Trauma: injury caused by external sources2. Petechiae: a small red (can be purple) spot or round; caused by a minor hemorrage3. Platelet: trombosit (in Indonesian)

STEP 21. How is the mechanism of blood clotting?2. What is the function of platelets?3. What is the effect of having a low platelets?4. What are the disorders of platelet?5. Mention the coagulation factors!6. What is the definition of hemostasis?7. What are the factor that influence the blood clotting?8. How is the morphology of platelets?9. Why platelets can be low and high?10. What are the kinds of trombositopenia?11. What are the cause of trombositopenia?12. What are the cause of blood clotting disorder?13. What are the symptoms of blood clotting disorder?14. What should we do to build the diagnosis of blood clotting disorder?15. What kind of laboratory tests to diagnose the blood clotting disorder?16. What is the differential diagnosis of this case?17. What kind of therapy should we do for this case?18. What is the function of hemostasis?19. How is the physiology of hemostasis?20. What is the function of blood vessel on hemostasis?

STEP 31. How is the morphology of platelets?It is small and irregular shape, cell fragment of granules.From the fragment of megakaryocyte cytoplasmThe age is about 7-10 days. The normal count is 150 until 400 thousand2. Why platelets can be low and high?3. What is the function of platelets?Menyumbat the blood vessels in the process of blood clotting.Help the coagulation processHas aggregation, prokoagulan activatorsHelp the hemostasis activityForm fibrin4. What are the disorders of platelet?Thrombocytosis; platelets count is up to normalThrombocytopenia; the count is below the normal count. The symptom is called purpura. Caused by auto immune thrombocytopenia purpura.5. What is purpura?Echymosis on skin / petechiae6. What is the effect of having a low platelets?Can cause the haemorragic7. What is the definition of hemostasis?To maintain the blood viscosity, minimize the destruction of blood vesselMechanism to stop the haemorragic spontaneously.The blood vessel has the vasoconstriction act.Repair the blood vessel destruction8. What is the function of hemostasis?Maintain the blood viscosity -> so that the blood can flow regularly, repair the destruction on blood vessel wall.a. Primer: vasoconstrictionb. Secondary : coagulant, prothrombinc. Tertiary : trombocyteAvoid the blood quit from the blood vessel. 9. How is the physiology of hemostasis?Extrinsic pathway; tissue (jaringan) factorFactor VII -> Factor IX become the activated factor IX (Stuart Power)Intrinsic factor; stimulates by destruction of blood vessel.10. What is the function of blood vessel on hemostasis?11. What is the plasma factor (function) on hemostasis?12. How is the mechanism of blood clotting?Bleeding vasoconstriction trombocytes/ platelet plug - fibrin formed - 13. What are the factor that influence the blood clotting?Fibrinogen : secreted in heparProthrombin : storaged in heparFibrinCa ionTromboplastin plasmProacceleration : Produce by heparProconvertin : take a role on intrinsic pathway on blood coagulation (Produce by hepar)Anti hemophilic factor : can cause hemophilia if this deficient14. Mention the coagulation factors!I FibrinII ProthrombinIII Tromboplastin factorIV Ca ionV Labil factorVII ProconvertinVIII Antihemophilic factor (Extrinsic pathway)IX Christmas factorX Stuart Power fXI Tromboplastin precursorXII Hageman factorXIII Fiztgerald factor15. What are the kinds of trombositopenia?16. What are the cause of trombositopenia?17. What are the cause of blood clotting disorder?Deficiency of antihemophilic f (F.VIII) -> HemophiliaTrombocytopenia (def of vit.K) -> ITPDeficiency of vwb factor -> Von Wilderbrand disease18. What are the symptoms of blood clotting disorder?Purpura, echymosis, petechiae19. What should we do to build the diagnosis of blood clotting disorder?Anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory test20. What kind of laboratory tests to diagnose the blood clotting disorder?Coagulation screening, Trombocyte examination, fibrinolysisComplete : hemostatic APTT(intrinsic speed), PTT(extrinsic), paracoagulation,Specific21. What is the differential diagnosis of this case?Hemophilia, Trombocytopenia, VWD22. What kind of therapy should we do for this case?