landasan teori dan programrepository.unika.ac.id/20069/1/14.a1.0144 ricky sitorus... · 2019. 10....
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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXV Periode Genap, Tahun Akademik 2018/2019
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
REDESAIN TAMAN BUDAYA SULAWESI TENGGARA
SEBAGAI PUSAT SENI DAN KEBUDAYAAN DI KOTA KENDARI
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun oleh :
Ricky Sitorus 14.A1.0144
Dosen Pembimbing :
Dr. Ir. Rudyanto Soesilo MSA
NIDN : 0020065402
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATHOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG Maret 2019
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
iv
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN
v
PRAKATA
vi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .........................................................................................iii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ......................................................................iv
PRAKATA ................................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .....................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR BAGAN .......................................................................................................xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1
A. Latar belakang .................................................................................................. 1
B. Masalah Desain ................................................................................................ 2
C. Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 2
D. Manfaat ............................................................................................................. 2
E. Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................................... 3
BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM ........................................................................................ 5
A. Gambaran Umum Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................. 5
1. Definisi Terkait Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................... 5
2. Karakteristik Fungsi Bangunan ....................................................................... 5
3. Jenis Ruang ................................................................................................... 6
4. Persyaratan Persyaratan yang Berlaku Terhadap Ruang ..... Error! Bookmark
not defined.
B. Gambaran Umum Lokasi di luar Tapak ............................................................. 9
1. Karakteristik Bangunan .................................................................................. 9
2. Karakteristik Jalan dan Transportasi .............................................................11
3. Karakteristik Iklim ..........................................................................................12
4. Karakteristik Lansekap ..................................................................................12
5. Peraturan yang Berlaku .................................................................................13
C. Gambaran Umum Tapak ..................................................................................14
1. Eksisting Bangunan yang akan di Redesain ..................................................20
vii
2. Analisis Fisik, Fungsi, dan Karakter Budaya terhadap Penerapan Redesain
Bangunan yang Eksisting Taman Budaya Sultra ..................................................31
3. Data Eksisting Lingkungan Tapak .................................................................33
BAB III PEMOGRAMAN ARSITEKTUR .....................................................................37
A. Analisa Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................................37
1. Kapasitas dan Karakteristik Pengguna ..........................................................37
2. Kegiatan yang terjadi ....................................................................................50
3. Ruang Dalam ................................................................................................64
4. Struktur Ruang ............................................................................................ 105
B. Analisa Tapak ................................................................................................ 112
1. Jenis Ruang Luar ........................................................................................ 112
2. Zonasi Ruang Luar ...................................................................................... 116
3. Luas Lahan Efektif ...................................................................................... 117
C. Analisa Lingkungan Buatan ........................................................................... 118
1. Analisa Bangunan Sekitarnya ..................................................................... 118
2. Analisa Transportasi ................................................................................... 118
3. Analisa Vegetasi (perkotaan) ...................................................................... 119
D. Analisa Lingkungan Alami .............................................................................. 120
1. Analisa Klimatik ........................................................................................... 120
2. Analisa Lansekap ........................................................................................ 120
BAB IV ANALISA MASALAH .................................................................................. 122
A. Analisa Masalah ............................................................................................ 122
1. Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan aspek pengguna ................................... 122
2. Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan tapak ..................................................... 122
3. Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan lingkungan di luar tapak ........................ 123
B. Masalah-masalah yang muncul ...................................................................... 124
C. Pernyataan Masalah ...................................................................................... 124
BAB V LANDASAN TEORI ...................................................................................... 125
A. Landasan Teori pertanyaan masalah 1 .......................................................... 125
viii
1. Transformasi dalam Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................... 125
2. Semiotika sebagai Metode Transformasi dalam Perancangan Arsitektur .... 126
3. Tinjauan Arsitektur Tradisional Tolaki Sulawesi Tenggara .......................... 128
4. Unsur Arsitektur Kontemporer ..................................................................... 131
B. Landasan Teori pertanyaan masalah 2 .......................................................... 132
1. Pola Tatanan Ruang ................................................................................... 132
C. Landasan Teori pertanyaan masalah 3 .......................................................... 135
1. Tinjauan Ikonis Dalam Arsitektur ................................................................. 135
BAB VI PENDEKATAN PERANCANGAN................................................................ 138
A. Pendekatan Konsep Masing Masing Pernyataan Masalah ............................. 138
B. Penerapan Semiotika Arsitektur pada Perancangan Redesain Taman Budaya
Sulawesi Tenggara sebagi Tema Desain ............................................................... 139
BAB VII LANDASAN PERANCANGAN ................................................................... 143
A. Landasan Perancangan Tata Ruang Bangunan ............................................ 143
B. Landasan Perancangan Bentuk Bangunan .................................................... 145
C. Landasan Perancangan Struktur Bangunan ................................................... 147
D. Landasan Perancangan Bahan Bangunan ..................................................... 149
E. Landasan Perancangan Wajah Bangunan ..................................................... 151
F. Landasan Perancangan Tata Ruang Tapak ................................................... 151
G. Landasan Perancangan Utilitas Bangunan .................................................... 153
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. 156
Lampiran .................................................................................................................. 158
Studi Preseden ........................................................................................................ 164
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2 1 Street Teater Taman GWK Bali ................................................................ 6
Gambar 2 2 Ruang Pertunjukan Teater kecil Jakarta (Taman Ismail Marzuki) ............. 6
Gambar 2 3 Ruang Display Galeri Nasional Indonesia ................................................. 7
Gambar 2 4 Dressing room / ruang ganti gedung Teater Jakarta (Taman Ismail
Marzuki) ....................................................................................................................... 7
Gambar 2 5 Blackbird Studio A .................................................................................... 8
Gambar 2 6 Ruang Latihan Bagi Sanggar Komunitas Seni .......................................... 8
Gambar 2 7 Kegiatan Workshop di area terbuka taman budaya sultra ......................... 8
Gambar 2 8 Ruang Workshop indoor ........................................................................... 8
Gambar 2 9 bangunan Fungsi Kebudayaan UPTD Museum Sulawesi Tenggara &
Pusat Kerajinan Tenun ................................................................................................. 9
Gambar 2 10 Fungsi pendidikan meliputi Gedung Man 1 Kendari, SMPN 9 kendari,
SMAN 4 Kendari, Yayasan Global Islamic School .......................................................10
Gambar 2 11 Fungsi Pelayanan Umum Gedung Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan ...........10
Gambar 2 12 Fasilitas Umum Gelangang Olah raga pemuda (GOR) Bahteramas ......10
Gambar 2 13 Peta Perumahan & Permukiman Kecamatan Kadia ...............................10
Gambar 2 14 Foto Satelit Akses Menuju Lokasi Taman Budaya .................................12
Gambar 2 15 View terhadap taman kota kendari, Tugu MTQ, dan Teluk Kendari .......13
Gambar 2 16 Topografi Kawasan lingkungan Taman Budaya Sulawesi Tenggara ......13
Gambar 2 17 Peta BWK Kota Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara .........................................13
Gambar 2 18 Peta Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Kendari 2010 – 2030 .............14
Gambar 2 19 Peta Pembagian Wilayah Kota dan Kabupaten Provinsi Sulawesi
Tenggara .....................................................................................................................15
Gambar 2 20 Kondisi Eksisting Gedung Taman Budaya .............................................18
Gambar 2 21 Foto Satelit Eksistng Tapak Taman Budaya ..........................................18
Gambar 2 22 Masterplan Taman Budaya Sulawesi Tenggara .....................................19
Gambar 2 23 Kondisi Eksisting interior Gedung dan eksisting Taman Budaya ............20
Gambar 2 24 Denah eksisting Kantor Adminitrasi Taman Budaya Sultra ....................21
Gambar 2 25 Denah Pendopo Taman Budaya Sultra ..................................................22
Gambar 2 26 Denah Gedung Seni Tari Taman Budaya Sultra ....................................23
Gambar 2 27 Denah Aula Pertunjukan Taman Budaya ...............................................24
Gambar 2 28 Denah Rumah Jabatan Kepala Taman Budaya Sultra ...........................25
Gambar 2 29 Sesudah di renovasi ..............................................................................26
Gambar 2 30 Sebelum direnovasi Masih gedung Seni teater ......................................26
Gambar 2 31 Denah Galeri Seni Rupa Taman Budaya ...............................................26
x
Gambar 2 32 Denah Exgedung music / gedung galeri ................................................28
Gambar 2 33 Denah gedung koperasi Taman Budaya Sultra ......................................29
Gambar 2 34 Denah Wisma ! ......................................................................................30
Gambar 2 35 Denah Wisma 2 .....................................................................................31
Gambar 2 36 Rencana Redesain Pada Komplek Taman Budaya Sulawesi Tenggara 32
Gambar 2 37 Potongan kontur A-A Tapak ...................................................................33
Gambar 2 38 Potongan kontur B-B Tapak ...................................................................33
Gambar 2 39 Eksisting Vegetasi Taman Budaya Sultra Pohon ...................................34
Gambar 2 40 GOR Bahteramas ..................................................................................35
Gambar 2 41 Museum UPTD Sultra ............................................................................35
Gambar 3 1 corak wara kuning-kunungan emas dengan tema "kemilau air terjun
Moramo .......................................................................................................................39
Gambar 3 2 Tenun Buton ............................................................................................40
Gambar 3 3 Wisata Istana Malige ...............................................................................40
Gambar 3 4 Benteng Istana Buton ..............................................................................40
Gambar 3 5 Tenun Buton ............................................................................................40
Gambar 3 6 Upacara Adat karia ..................................................................................40
Gambar 3 7 Upacara adat Pasuo ................................................................................41
Gambar 3 8 Adat Kabuenga ........................................................................................41
Gambar 3 9 Eksistensi masyarakat terhadap kepedulian mengangkat budaya Tolaki .49
Gambar 3 10 Para siswa dari beberapa sekolah Sultra menampilkan seni dan budaya
di Taman Budaya Sultra ..............................................................................................49
Gambar 3 11 Kenyamanan Visual pada ruang pertunukan / teater .............................66
Gambar 3 12 Pola bentuk ruang auditorium ................................................................67
Gambar 3 13 Layout panggung : Proscenium stage with flytower ...............................67
Gambar 3 14 Format proscenium pada bentuk layout auditorium gerdung Pertunjukan
Taman Budaya Sultra ..................................................................................................68
Gambar 3 15 Batas Aural dan Visual ..........................................................................68
Gambar 3 16 Tari Lumense .........................................................................................69
Gambar 3 17 Tari Molulo .............................................................................................69
Gambar 3 18 Studi Layout Stage Pentas Tari .............................................................69
Gambar 3 19 Studi Pergerakan Seni Tari dalam panggung .........................................70
Gambar 3 20 kursi depan dan belakang. Dimensi sebenarnya tergantung pada desain
setiap kursi dan bervariasi sesui ketebalan kursi dan kecenderungan kursi dari
belakang. (b) grafis representasi garis pandang vertikal ..............................................70
xi
Gambar 3 21 Studi Section Ilustrasi Ruang Pertunjukan .............................................70
Gambar 3 22 Auditorium seating .................................................................................71
Gambar 3 23 Besaran seating dan dimensi jarak antar baris yang di rencanakan
berdasarkan standar ...................................................................................................72
Gambar 3 24 Pemantulan Bunyi (1) Pemantulan merata (2) penyebaran bunyi (3)
Pemusatan Bunyi ........................................................................................................72
Gambar 3 25 Dimensi Kenyamanan Visual .................................................................73
Gambar 3 26 Jarak Pandang Vertikal pada ruang display objek lukisan Seni Rupa ....73
Gambar 3 27 Jarak Pandang Horizontal pada ruang display objek lukisan Seni Rupa 74
Gambar 3 28 Studi Section Ilustrasi Display miniature 3D ...........................................74
Gambar 3 29 Studi Layout Ilustrasi Sirkulasi dan Kegiatan .........................................74
Gambar 3 30 Perabot Base Sedang ............................................................................75
Gambar 3 31 Perabot Base Kecil ................................................................................75
Gambar 3 32 Perabot Base Kecil ................................................................................75
Gambar 3 33 Perabot Base Panjang ...........................................................................75
Gambar 3 34 Patung ...................................................................................................75
Gambar 3 35 Kerajinan Perak .....................................................................................76
Gambar 3 36 Kerajinan Gembol ..................................................................................76
Gambar 3 37 Miniatur 3d .............................................................................................76
Gambar 3 38 lukisan Seni Rupa ..................................................................................76
Gambar 3 39 Lukisan Seni Rupa .................................................................................76
Gambar 3 40 Standart Perbandingan Kebutuhan Parkir pada Luas Area Total ......... 112
Gambar 3 41 Penentuan Satuan Ruang Parkir ......................................................... 112
Gambar 3 42 Satuan ruang parkir ............................................................................. 112
Gambar 3 43 Standart Ruang Parkir Bus .................................................................. 113
Gambar 3 44 Analisa Bangunan Sekitar .................................................................... 118
Gambar 3 45 Analisa Transportasi ............................................................................ 118
Gambar 3 46 Analisa Vegetasi .................................................................................. 119
Gambar 3 47 Analisa Klimattologi ............................................................................. 120
Gambar 3 48 Kondisi kemiringan Topografi di kawasan Taman budaya ................... 121
Gambar 5 1 Fasad dan Layout denah Raha Bokeo , Raja Bokeo, kerajaan Mekongga
di Kolaka suku Tolaki. ............................................................................................... 128
Gambar 5 2 Fasad dan Layout Rumah adat suku Tolaki. .......................................... 130
Gambar 5 3 Kontemporer Lokal ................................................................................ 132
Gambar 5 4 Kontemporer House Sumber: www.arsitektur.me, 2019 ........................ 132
xii
Gambar 5 5 Pola Organisasi Cluster ......................................................................... 133
Gambar 7 1 Organisasi Ruang Cluster ...................................................................... 143
Gambar 7 2 Sistem Organisasi Ruang Cluster .......................................................... 143
Gambar 7 3 Sirkulasi Menembus Ruang ................................................................... 151
Gambar 7 4 Sirkulasi Menembus Ruang ................................................................... 152
Gambar 7 5 Zonasi Ruang Luar ................................................................................ 152
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2 2 Kegiatan Redesain Pada bangunan Eksisting Taman Budaya Sultra ..........31
Tabel 2 3 Kondisi Lingkungan Tapak ..........................................................................34
Tabel 3 1 Data Wisatawan Nusantara dan Mancanegara ............................................37
Tabel 3 2 Objek Wisata Budaya ..................................................................................39
Tabel 3 3 Analisa jumlah pengelola .............................................................................43
Tabel 3 4 Pelaku Seni Tari ..........................................................................................45
Tabel 3 5 Pelaku Seni Musik .......................................................................................46
Tabel 3 6 Pelaku Seni Tradisi / Ekspresi Lisan ............................................................47
Tabel 3 7 Sanggar Seni ...............................................................................................47
Tabel 3 8 Analisa Jumlah Pelaku Seni ........................................................................49
Tabel 3 9 Analisa Kegiatan dan ...................................................................................51
Tabel 3 10 Persyaratan dan Standar Ruang Ruang di Taman Budaya Sultra .............59
Tabel 3 11 Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................................................64
Tabel 3 12 Perabot Ruang Display Galeri Edukasi Budaya .........................................75
Tabel 3 13 Besaran Ruang Gedung Pertunjukan ........................................................82
Tabel 3 14 Besaran Galeri Edukasi Budaya ................................................................84
Tabel 3 15 Besaran Ruang Gedung Pelatihan Seni Tari / Teater / Drama ...................86
Tabel 3 16 Besaran Ruang Ampitheater ......................................................................88
Tabel 3 17 Besaran Ruang Rehearsal Studio..............................................................89
Tabel 3 18 Besaran Ruang Faslitas Penunjang ...........................................................91
Tabel 3 19 Besaran Ruang Kantor Pengelola..............................................................97
Tabel 3 20 Besaran Ruang Servis ............................................................................. 102
Tabel 3 21 Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Luas Total Program Ruang Dalam .................... 103
Tabel 3 22 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ................................................................... 113
Tabel 3 23 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ................................................................... 114
Tabel 3 24 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ................................................................... 115
Tabel 3 25 Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan ........................................................................... 115
Tabel 3 26 Kebutuhan Ruang luar Taman Aktiv ........................................................ 116
Tabel 5 1 Jenis Kode beserta ekspresi yang dihasilkan ............................................ 127
Tabel 6 1 Pendekatan Pemecahan masalah ............................................................. 138
Tabel 6 2 Kemungkinan Penerapan Tema Semiotika Arsitektur pada Perancangan . 140
xiv
Tabel 7 1 Konsep Struktur Bangunan ........................................................................ 147
xv
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 3 1 Struktur organisasi pengelola Taman Budaya ............................................42
Bagan 3 2 Pola Kepengurusan Pengelola Taman Budaya Sultra (Pengembangan) ....44
Bagan 3 3 Pola kegiatan Masyarakat Umum ...............................................................57
Bagan 3 4 Pola kegiatan Masyarakat Umum ...............................................................57
Bagan 3 5 Kedatangan Pengunjung Secara Umum ....................................................57
Bagan 3 6 Kepergian Pengunjung Secara Umum .......................................................58
Bagan 3 7 Kedatangan Pelaku Seni ............................................................................58
Bagan 3 8 Kedatangan Pelaku Seni ............................................................................58
Bagan 3 9 Kedatangan Pengelola ...............................................................................58
Bagan 3 10 Kedatangan Pengelola .............................................................................59
Bagan 3 11 Kedatangan Service .................................................................................59
Bagan 3 12 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Penerimaan ...... 105
Bagan 3 13 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Wisata Budaya .. 105
Bagan 3 14 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Edukasi Budaya 105
Bagan 3 15 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Aktivitas Penunjang
.................................................................................................................................. 106
Bagan 3 16 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Administrasi ...... 106
Bagan 3 17 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Administrasi ...... 106
Bagan 3 18 Pola Hubungan Ruang Makro Taman Budaya Sultra ............................. 107
Bagan 3 19 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Utama ........................................ 108
Bagan 3 20 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Penunjang .................................. 109
Bagan 3 21 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Pengelola ................................... 110
Bagan 3 22 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Pengelola ................................... 111
Bagan 3 23 Zonasi Ruang Luar ................................................................................. 116
Bagan 5 1 Bagan Proses Transformasi Arsitektur ..................................................... 126
Bagan 5 2 Unsur pembentuk tanda menurut pandangan Saussure ........................... 127
Bagan 6 1 Pendekatan Pemecahan masalah ............................................................ 139
Bagan 6 2 Relasi ....................................................................................................... 139
Bagan 7 1 Jaringan Air Kotor .................................................................................... 154
Bagan 7 2 Jaringan Air Kotor .................................................................................... 154