Judul Skripsi

KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI POLANDIA DALAM MERESPON RESOLUSI

KEBIJAKAN PARLEMEN UNI EROPA TERHADAP KRISIS MIGRASI DAN SUAKA DI

MEDITERRANIA PERIODE 2015 – 2017

Nama : Bintang Abednego Rotikan

NIM : 1510412002

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

Judul Skripsi

KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI POLANDIA DALAM MERESPON RESOLUSI

KEBIJAKAN PARLEMEN UNI EROPA TERHADAP KRISIS MIGRASI DAN SUAKA DI

MEDITERRANIA PERIODE 2015 – 2017

Nama : Bintang Abednego Rotikan

NIM : 1510412002

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

KA T A PE N GA NTA R

P u j i d an s yu k u r s aya p an j a t k an ke h ad i ra t T uh an Y an g M ah a Esa

k a r ena han ya a t a s be r k a t , r ahm at , d an k a r un i aN ya – l ah , t u gas ak h i r a t au

r i s e t sk r ips i yan g t e l ah s aya l ak s anak an d an t e l ah s aya s e l es a ik an d en gan

s emes t i n ya yan g m er u p ak an s eb u ah t an ggu n g j aw ab w aj ib b ag i s e l u ruh

p a r a m ah as i s w a U n iv e rs i t a s P em b an gu n an N as i on a l “V et e r an ” J ak ar t a ,

t e ru t am a h a l yan g s an ga t w a j ib b ag i s a ya u n t uk s a ya emb an demi

m en cap a i l an gk ah ak h i r s a ya u n tu k m en ye l e s a ik an m as a pe r k u l i ah an s a ya

d a l an p ro gr am t i n gk a t S 1 S a r j an a S os i a l a t au B a ch e l or d eg r ee o f S oc ia l

S tu d i es d a l am m el an ju tk an ba ik k e j en j an g p end i d i k an ya n g l eb ih t i n ggi

m aup un m em as uk i d u n i a k a r i r un t uk men emp uh l ap an gan p ek e r j aan yan g

ak an s a ya am bi l d i k ed ep ann ya , t u gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t sk r ip s i i n i yan g

t e l ah s aya m u l a i s e j ak p ad a m asa s em es t e r V I , 2 0 18 h i n gga p ad a m asa

s emes t e r IX , 20 19 i n i d ap a t d i s e l es a ik an d en gan b a ik . Tu gas ak h i r a t au

r i s e t s k r i ps i s aya s eca r a k e s e lu r uh an t en tu t i d ak ak an b i s a d ap a t b e r j a l an

s emes t i n ya t an p a ban tu an d ar i b e r b aga i p ih ak yan g m en ye r t a i s a ya . M ak a

d a r i i t u l ah s eb e l um s aya d ap a t m em apa r k an l eb i h l an j u t m en gena i t u gas

ak h i r a t au r i s e t sk r i ps i i n i , s aya i n g i n m en yam p a ik an b eb e rap a p a t ah

u cap an t e r i m a k as ih b ag i s e l u ru h p i hak yan g m en ye r t a i d an m em b an tu

s a ya s e l am a b e r l angs u n gn ya p en u l i s an t u gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r ip s i yan g

s ed e rh an a i n i .

1 . K ep ada k ed u a o r ang t u a s a ya yan g s an ga t s a ya c i n t a i dan s aya

k a s i h i , Bap ak Fe r ry R o b e r t O sca r R o t i k an dan Ib u R a tn a M ar l ina

R o t i k an , be s e r t a ad i k k ec i l s aya yan g b a ik h a t i , N a t a s ya Feb r in a

R o t i k an , d an p am an sa ya yan g s an ga t h eb a t Fer d y P i a y , paman

p en as eha t s aya yan g s an ga t r en d ah h a t i Dad an g Dj up r i , s es eo r an g

s ah ab a t wan i t a s p es i a l b ag i s aya A m i ru Sh i mo gu ch i , s ahaba t k a r ib

s a ya a t au s eo ran g yan g s a ya an ggap s eb aga i s au d a ra , K ozak i

J ames S a tos h i , d an s ah ab a t s epe r ju an gan s a ya a t au K am erad J us t in

A . R eg i s t e r yan g t e l ah m emb er i k an du k un gan k ep ad a s aya b a ik

s eca r a f i n ans i a l a t au pu n i n fo rm as i s e l am a p en yu s u n an sk r i ps i

b e r l an gsu n g .

2 . K ep ada s e l u ru h dos en – do sen H I U P N “V et e r an ” J ak ar t a yan g

t e l ah m emb er i k an d or on gan dan s em an ga t b ag i s e l u ruh

m ah as i sw an ya u n tu k m em p er lu a s waw as an d an m en co b a d an

m en emu k an h a l – ha l b a ru me l a lu i k e l a s – k e l as a t aup un s eminar

d a l am u p aya u n tu k m en ye l e s a ik an b eb an p e r ku l i ah an d an tu gas

ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r i ps i , t e r u t am a p a ra k ed u a do s en p emb im bin g

s k r i ps i u t am a d an j u ga do s en p em bim bi n g sk r i ps i p end ampi n g

s a ya , b apa k D r . M an su r , M.S i d an b apak I N yo m an Aj i Su adh ana

R a i , S .S os . , M . IR yan g t e l ah m emb an t u s aya d a l am d i s ku s i d an

p en ges ah an pe l ak s an aan tu gas akh i r a t au s k r ip s i s aya .

3 . T er im a k as i h p u l a k ep ad a s e l u ru h s ahab a t – s ah aba t d an k o l ega

s a ya yan g b e r ad a d i In d o n es i a , d i J ep an g , dan d i Am er ik a S er ik a t

yan g t e l ah m en gh ib u r d an m en o lo n g s aya s e l am a p e l ak s an aan

p enu l i s an tu gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r i ps i s a ya d i D K I J aka r t a ,

In d o n es i a .

A k h i r k a t a , s aya i n g i n m e n yam p a ik an p e rmo ho n an m aa f ap ab i l a

t e rd ap a t h a l – h a l yan g t i d ak b a ik a t au ku r an g b e rk en an d a r i s a ya , b a ik

d a l am s e l am a k egi a t an m agan g m aup un d a l am p en u l i s an t ugas ak h i r a t au

r i s e t s k r ip s i s a ya sen d i r i . S aya h a r ap t u gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r ip s i i n i

d ap a t b e rm an a f aa t b ag i s aya m au pu n s e lu ru h p i h ak yan g t e r l i ba t , d an

p a r a p em b aca s ek a l i an .

J ak a r t a , 2 J un i 2 019

B i n t an g A b ed n egoR ot i k an

KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI POLANDIA DALAM MERESPON

RESOLUSI KEBIJAKAN PARLEMEN UNI EROPA TERHADAP KRISIS

MIGRASI DAN SUAKA DI MEDITERRANIA

PERIODE 2015 – 2017

Bintang Abednego Rotikan

Abstrak

Situasi dan dinamika Eropa yang bergejolak mengenai krisis imigran yang

sedang tengah dihadapi Uni Eropa beserta seluruh negara – anggota nya yang

menjadi sebuah faktor mengapa gerakan – gerakan nasional – populis Eropa

bangkit yang diikuti dengan sikap sentiment negatif terhadap para pencari

suaka atau imigran asal Timur Tengah yang berdatangan secara massif ke dalam

Uni Eropa melalui kebijakan alokasi dan relokasi yang dibuat oleh

pemerintahan Uni Eropa. Yang juga telah menyebabkan berb agai gejolak

politik dan dilemma keamanan yang dihadapi oleh negara – negara anggota Uni

Eropa yang dimana negara Polandia menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam topik

ini, dikarenakan oleh aksi dan posisi Polandia yang menentang dan sangat

kontrovesial bagi tatanan modern Uni Eropa.

Kata kunci : Krisis imigran, Kebijakan Uni Eropa, Mediterrania, Nasional –

Populis, Resolusi Parlemen Uni Eropa, Polandia.

POLISH FOREIGN POLICY IN RESPONSE TO EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION ON MEDITERRANEAN AND EU

MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICY IN THE

PERIOD OF 2015 – 2017

Bintang Abednego Rotikan

Abstract

The turbulent situation and dynamics of Europe caused by the migrant

crisis that took place in the midst of the European Union’s and its member

states that driving the cause factors of the rising European national -populist

movements due to negative sentiments towards asylum seekers or immigrants

domiciled in the European Union through the alocation and relocation policy

made by the European Union government. Which has also caused by various of

major polit ical turmoils and security dilemmas within the European Union

member states which is Poland as the main focus of the discussion on this

research’s topic, related to the Poland's response and controversial action and

position in the modern European Union order.

Keywords : Migrant Crisis, European Union Policy, Mediterranean, National –

Populism, European Parliament Resolution, Poland.

DAFTAR ISI

BAB I Pendahuluan ............................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 7

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 7

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 7

BAB II Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................................... 9

2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................................ 9

2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................ 14

2.2.1 Kebijakan Luar Negeri ............................................................................ 15

2.2.2 Peran ........................................................................................................ 22

2.3 Alur Pemikiran ......................................................................................... 24

BAB III Metode Penelitian .................................................................................... 25

3.1 Pendekatan Penelitian .............................................................................. 25

3.2 Jenis Data ................................................................................................. 25

3.3 Tekhnik Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 26

3.4 Tekhnik Analisis Data ............................................................................. 26

3.5 Jadwal Penelitian ..................................................................................... 27

BAB IV Resolusi Kebijakan Parlemen Uni Eropa Terhadap Krisis Migrasi dan Suaka di

Mediterrania .......................................................................................................... 28

4.1 Kondisi Krisis Imigran di Uni Eropa ....................................................... 35

4.2 Operasi Gabungan Frontex Triton dan Poseidon (Frontex Joint

Operations Triton and Poseidon) ............................................................. 42

4.2.1 Operasi Triton (Operation Triton) ........................................................... 43

4.2.2 Operasi Poseidon (Operation Poseidon) .................................................. 44

4.2.3 Operasi Sofia EUNAVFOR di laut Mediterrania (EUNAVFOR Med Operation

Sophia) ..................................................................................................... 45

4.3 Relokasi Imigran ke Negara – Negara Anggota Uni Eropa .................... 47

4.4 Tantangan dan Hambatan Relokasi Imigran di Uni Eropa ...................... 53

4.4.1 Lemahnya Integrasi antara Imigran dengan masyarakat Eropa ............... 54

4.4.2 Ketakutan akan ancaman Terorisme dan meningkatnya Kejahatan ........ 55

4.4.3 Euroskeptisme dan Sentimen Nasionalis Eropa ...................................... 56

4.5 Bangkitnya Gerakan Nasional – Populis Eropa ....................................... 59

BAB V Kebijakan Polandia dalam Merespon Resolusi Kebijakan Parlemen Uni Eropa

Terhadap Krisis Migrasi dan Suaka di Mediterrania ................................. 63

5.1 Dampak Relokasi Imigran di Uni Eropa terhadap Polandia .................... 64

5.2 Gerakan Anti – Imigran Timur Tengah dan Afrika di Polandia .............. 68

5.3 Penolakan Skema Kuota Relokasi Imigran oleh Polandia ...................... 71

5.4 Respon Uni Eropa terhadap Kebijakan Anti – Imigran Polandia ............ 82

5.5 Kebijakan Polandia Tahun 2017 – 2019 .................................................. 85

BAB VI Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 91

6.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 91

6.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 93

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 95

D A FT A R L A MPI RA N

( A PPE N D I CES )

A p p en d ix 1 . Th e Eu ro p ea n U nio n M ap (2 01 4 ) ; T h e E U M em b er S ta t e s

a n d E U R eg io na l T er r i t or y , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : Eu ro p ea n Co u nc i l ; C ou nc i l

o f t h e E ur op ea n Uni on , 2 01 8 ,

h t t p s : / / ww w .con s i l i um .eu ro p a . eu / en /do cum ent s -

p u b l i c a t i o n s / pu b l i ca t i on s / eu r op ean - un i on -m ap /

A p p en d ix 2 . En l a rgem en t o f E ur op ean U nio n ; M emb ersh ip s , Mand a t es ,

an d Fou nd e rs , p i c tu r e ’ s s ou r ce : Enl a r gem en t o f t h e E ur o p ean U nio n ,

K r e j č í O . , In t e r n a t io na l Po l i t i c s ; V o l um e I : Gl ob a l P o l i t i c a l S ys t em

( 2 00 6 ) ,

A p p en d ix 3 . T h e P o l i t i c a l S ys t em o f t h e Eu r op ean U n io n ; t h e E U

Le g i s l a t i v e P r o cedu r e s , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : Eu r op ean Unio n Leg i s l a t i v e

P ro cedu r es , 2 0 18 ,

h t t ps : / / en .w ik ip ed ia . o r g / w ik i /E ur op ean _ Un io n_ l eg i s l a t i ve_ p ro ced u r e# /

m ed i a / F i l e :P o l i t i c a l _S ys t em _o f _ th e_Eu r op ean_ Un io n . sv g

A p p en d ix 4 . Mi gra t i o n Ro u t es (2 014 ) , p i c tu re ’ s so urce : E uro p ea n

C ou n c i l on F ore i gn R e l a t i on s , 2 0 17 , Mig ra t io n t hr ou gh th e

M ed i t er ra nean : M a pp in g t h e E U R es po ns e ; D a t a o f U NHCR ,

h t t p s : / / ww w .ec f r . eu / s p ec i a l s /m ap p i n g_ mi gr a t io n

A p p en d ix 5 . M igr a t i on R ou t es (2 0 15 ) , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : ( I b id . , )

A p p en d ix 6 . M igr a t i on R ou t es (2 0 16 ) , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : ( I b id . , )

A p p en d ix 7 . M igr a t i on R ou t es (2 0 17 ) , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : ( I b id . , )

A p p en d ix 8 . Ma in M i gr a to r y ro u t es i n t o t h e Eu ro pean U ni on ; F R ONT EX

Jo in t Op er a t i on s in s ecur i ng E U' s e x t e rn a l bo rd er s du r in g th e Mi gr an t

C r i s i s (20 14 - pr es en t ) , p i c tu re ’ s so urce : T h e Bu r ea u o f I n ves t ig a t i v e

Jo ur na l i s m , “ Euro p e ’s R e f ug ee C r i s i s ; I s Fro n t ex Bo rd er in g on

C ha os ?” , 2 01 5 , h t t p : / / l ab s . t h ebu r eau in v es t i ga t e s . co m/ i s - f r on t ex -

b o rd e r i n g - on - ch aos /

A p p en d ix 9 . Th e R equ es t ed M ig ra t or y R e l o ca t io n p rog ra m m e q uo ta

s ch em e f r om th e EU C om mi ss i o n t o t he EU m emb er s ta t e s as a co l l e c t i v e

r e sp on s ib i l i t y i n r es o l v i ng t h e Mig ra n t Cr i s i s i n Eu ro p e (2 0 14 -p r es en t ) ,

p i c tu r e ’ s s ou r ce: B BC N ews , Mig ran t Cr i s i s ; E U Mi n i s t er s a pp ro ve

d i s pu ted qu o t a p la n , 20 15 , h t t p s : / /w w w .b b c . co m/ new s / w or ld - eu r op e -

3 4 32 98 25

A p pend i x 1 0 . M igr an t Re lo ca t i on Sch em e f ro m th e Eu ro p ea n Un ion

(1 3 . 5 . 20 15 ) , p i c tu re ’ s so ur ce : Eu ro pea n C o mm iss io n , C om m uni ca t ion

f ro m t h e C om mi ss i on to t h e Eu ro pea n Pa r l i am en t , t he C ou n c i l , t he

E u ro pean Ec on o mic an d So c ia l C omm i t t e e a nd t h e C om m i t t e e o f t he

R eg i on s ; A Eu ro p ea n A gen da o n Mi gra t i on (20 15 ) , pp 2 1 .

A p pend i x 11 . Mi gra n t R ese t t l em en t Sch em e f ro m th e Eu ro p ea n Un ion

(1 3 . 5 . 20 15 ) , p i c tu re ’ s so ur ce : Eu ro pea n C o mm iss io n , C om m uni ca t ion

f ro m t h e C om mi ss i on to t h e Eu ro pea n Pa r l i am en t , t he C ou n c i l , t he

E u ro pean Econ o mic an d So c ia l C omm i t t e e a nd t h e C om m i t t e e o f t he

R eg i on s ; A Eu ro p ea n A gen da o n Mi gra t i on (20 15 ) , pp 2 2 .

A p p en d ix 1 2 . T h e R esu l t s o f t h e E U’s p o l i c y on As y l um S eeker s a nd

M i gr an t s r e lo ca t i on an d d i s t r i bu t io n t o t h e E U m emb er s ta t e s (2 0 17 ) ,

p i c tu r e ’ s s ou r ce: E u ro pean Co un c i l o n Fo re ig n R e l a t io ns , Mi gra t ion

t hr ou gh t h e M ed i t e r r an ea n : M ap p ing t h e E U R es po ns e ; “F or t r es s

E u ro pe”; D a ta o f E ur os ta t , 2 01 7 ,

h t t p s : / / ww w .ec f r . eu / s p ec i a l s /m ap p i n g_ mi gr a t io n

A p p en d ix 1 3 . T er r i tor ia l s ta t e o f t he R ep ub l i c o f Po la n d , p i c t ur e ’ s

s ou r ce: C en t r a l I n t e l l i g en ce A g en cy , t h e Wo r ld F a c t bo ok ; P o la nd , 20 19 ,

h t t p s : / / ww w .c i a . gov / l i b r a r y/ p u b l i c a t ion s / t h e -w o r l d -

f ac tb oo k / geos /p l . h tm l