fakultas ekologi manusia | membumi dan mendunia · assessment battery (mrab), ... center panel of...

FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA | MEMBUMI DAN MENDUNIA

Pembinaan Penyusunan Laporan Ilmiah dan Naskah Publikasi 2015 – RISBINKES, Hotel Balairung, Jakarta 27-30 Oktober 2015

Prof Dr. Ir. Ahmad Sulaeman, MS

Guru Besar Bidang Keamanan Pangan dan Gizi

Fakultas Ekologi Manusia IPB


PENDAHULUAN

BENTUK PRESENTASI

MEMBUAT PRESENTASI POSTER

Outline

SUMMARY


• Peneliti wajib menyajikan atau mempublikasikan hasil penelitiannya untuk berbagi dengan masyarakat ilmiah terkait temuan yang bisa memajukan sains ataupun pemahaman terhadap masalah tertentu

• Untuk mempresentasikan hasil atau metode yang baru dan orisinal

• Memberikan rasionalisasi hasil hasil yang dipublikasikan

• Menyampaikan review dari bidang yang digelutinya atau menyarikan topik tertentu

PRESENTASI HASIL PENELITIAN


Tahapan Proses Penelitian

RUMUSAN MASALAH

TEORI (RAMBU PEMECAHAN

MASALAH)

PERKIRAAN JAWABAN MASALAH

PENGUMPULAN DATA EMPIRIS

OLAH DAN ANALISIS

DATA

KESIMPULAN JAWABAN MASALAH

ALAT PENGUMPULAN

DATA/INSTR

SUMBER DATA

Laporan, Artikel Ilmiah, Diseminasi


• Presentasi poster

• Presentasi oral: audio-visual

• Publikasi dalam bentuk artikel ilmiah

BENTUK PRESENTASI


Apa yang dimaksud poster

• Karya seni atau desain grafis yang memuat komposisi gambar dan huruf di atas kertas berukuran besar.

• Pengaplikasiannya dengan ditempel di dinding atau permukaan datar lainnya dengan sifat mencari perhatian mata sekuat mungkin.

• Karena itu poster biasanya dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga “eye catching”

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambar

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding


Tujuan Poster

• Communicate research clearly

• Posters should be:

– ‘Stand-alone’

– Engaging

– Concise summary of your work


Goals

1. To design a quick and easily self-administered cognitive test battery, the MiniCog Rapid

Assessment Battery (MRAB), for immediate assessment of current cognitive functioning.

2. To design software, MiniCog and MiniCogWriter, for scripting psychological tests and

experiments to run on the Palm OS® and provide instantaneous feedback to user.

Significance

1. Addresses Critical Path Risks 19, 20, and 21 (human failure due to sleep/circadian

rhythm disruption, interface/habitat/workload design problems, and neurobehavioral

dysfunction); can be used

• To assess effects of variables such as sleep loss on key cognitive and perceptual

processes (CQ 6.08);

• To assess effects of drugs, training, and other countermeasures on cognitive and

perceptual processes;

• For self-assessment by astronauts of their “current cognitive state” (CQ 6.11, 6.15,

6.20).

2. Earth applications include use by truck drivers, surgeons, business travelers, air traffic

controllers, mountain climbers, mission commanders, and others whose long hours,

unusual shifts, or stressful environments may affect performance.

Tests

Quick Assessment of Basic Cognitive Function: A ‘Blood-Pressure Cuff’ for the Mind Jennifer M. Shephard, Julia B. LeSage, Stephen M. Kosslyn

Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA

Research supported by NASA cooperative agreement NCC 9-58 with the National Space Biomedical Research Institute

Projects planned for upcoming year

1. Continue validation of MRAB under stressful conditions

• Comparison with other test batteries (e.g., WinSCAT [Wyle Laboratories]);

• Use performance on MRAB to predict performance on an ecologically valid task

(flight simulator) under stress;

• Evaluate the effects of performance anxiety (e.g., public-speaking stress) on

MRAB;

• Continue collaborations with Dinges (sleep deprivation) and Lieberman (high-

altitude and hockey-team head injury studies) laboratories.

2. Extend MiniCog software to

• Allow users to predict their performance just before and after completing a test

(but prior to seeing their results);

• Allow users to add notes or comments at the end of a test;

• Include throughput as an automatically calculated performance measure;

• Require two key-presses to exit the program (because users sometimes pressed an

exit key by mistake);

• Automatically present the next test on the list, instead of requiring users to choose

(because they tend to forget which ones they’ve completed);

• Include better randomization features for stimulus presentation.

3. Continue discussions with collaborators about how to improve MiniCog user

interface and possible additional tests to include.

If login ID is in system already…

If login ID is new…

. . .

What the user sees…

Question

Does fatigue cause poorer performance (slower response times and/or more errors)

selectively on the MRAB tests compared to baseline, and does caffeine ameliorate this

effect?

Participant characteristics

• Approximately 48 participants will be tested, equal numbers of males and females.

• Harvard students, between the ages of 18 and 30.

• Psychologically and physically healthy.

• Non-smokers.

• Regular consumers of caffeine who drink no more than 3 caffeinated beverages per day.

Methods

• Participants practice MRAB tests a total of 10 to 12 times during four one-hour sessions

between 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM, within a two-week period.

• At the end of the two weeks, participants are tested in a 5:00 AM session.

• All participants are given one cup of coffee (approx. 300 ml) prior to performing the

early-morning tests; half receive caffeinated (approx. 150mg caffeine) coffee and half

receive decaf (random and double-blind).

• Participants fill out questionnaires and other paperwork for 30 minutes after consuming

coffee and prior to beginning MRAB.

Results

Data collection is still underway (approximately 22 participants have been tested so far),

but data from a subset of the tested participants (16) is presented here.

Depending on the test, participants generally reach a baseline performance level after

approximately 7 practice runs; see example performance curve below.

Mental Rotation (Problem-solving) - Users must decide whether two

objects are the same or are mirror images.

Perceptual Reaction Time - Users must push the key

corresponding to the location of a small oval on screen

(squares represent different Palm screens).

Vigilance (Attention) - Users must respond with one key for

random and infrequent targets and another key for

distractors.

Verbal Working Memory - Users must indicate which stimuli

(presented one at a time, not in a row) are the same as the

stimulus that appeared “two back.”

Spatial Working Memory - Users must indicate which

stimuli are in the same location as the stimulus that appeared

“two back” (boxes indicate separate Palm screens).

Cognitive Set Switching - Users must indicate which letter in

each series of four does not belong; criterion for categorizing

“odd man out” switches every 3 to 7 trials.

Verbal Reasoning (Problem-solving) - Users must decide whether the third statement in

series is true or false given information in the first two (see example on Palm screens in the

center panel of this poster).

Filtering (Attention) - Users must indicate the number of

digits on the screen; sometimes the number of digits and their

meaning are congruent; on other trials they are not.

4 4 4 4 4 (incongruent)

5 5 5 5 5 (congruent)

6 6 6 6 (incongruent)

Divided Attention - Users must press one key for items of a

particular shape or shade, and another key for items of

another particular shape or shade.

Because participants reach baseline after about 7 practice runs, we compared their

performance during the early morning session with their average performance across the 3

practice runs prior to this session (corresponding to practice runs 8-10, 9-11, or 10-12,

depending on the number of runs participants were able to complete during the practice

sessions).

With the small number of participants included in these preliminary analyses, there were no

statistically significant results except for the difference between the groups in response time

performance on the Vigilance test; participants in the caffeine condition improved relative

to baseline, while those in the decaf condition performed more poorly.

In addition, some trends were apparent; for instance, both groups appear to have slower

Mental Rotation RTs during the early morning session, and faster Cognitive Set Switching

and Perceptual Reaction Time RTs during this session -- but these results could be

confounded by speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Final analyses will include “throughput” as a performance measure (to take speed-accuracy

tradeoffs into account) as well as response time variance. Participants’ subjective fatigue,

objective hours of sleep prior to 5am session, and reported stress levels during all sessions

will be included as covariates.

This difference is

based on 16

participants and is

statistically significant

(p = .02). There was

no significant

difference between the

groups in change in

error rate.

Change from Baseline of RT on Vigilance Test During 5am Session

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

1

Caffeine Group

Decaf Group

RT

chan

ge (

mse

cs)

Morning session

Run # 12 is the early

morning session. This

participant had

decaffeinated coffee.

Cognitive Set Test, Participant #14

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Run Number

RT

(1

0th

s o

f a s

eco

nd

) &

ER

(p

ercen

t)

Response Time

Error Rate


Membuat presentasi poster yang efektif

Diadopsi dari

Helene Hoffman PhD (2008) dan Kristin Lane (2007)


Tujuan Presentasi Poster yang Efektif

• Communicates visually – Serves as an illustrated abstract

– Aesthetically pleasing

• Attracts & holds attention – Makes it easy for readers – Initiates discussion

• Is concise & organized – Focuses on a single clear message

– Successfully presents scientific / technical information

– Is not a journal article

• Stands alone if /when you’re not there


Elements of a Poster

• Title

– Pithy summary of your project

• Introduction

– Overview of the research

– Clearly state objectives and hypotheses

• Method

– Describe procedure

– Not as detailed as manuscript


Goals





Significance









6.20).




Tests










MRAB;

















. . .


Question



effect?





• Non-smokers.


Methods









Results












distractors.


























sessions).













This difference is

based on 16

participants and is



no significant


groups in change in

error rate.


-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

1

Caffeine Group

Decaf Group

RT

chan

ge (

mse

cs)

Morning session



participant had



0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Run Number

RT

(1

0th

s o

f a s

eco

nd

) &

ER

(p

ercen

t)

Response Time

Error Rate



• Results

– Restate your hypothesis

– State whether it was confirmed

– Present results in tabular or graphical format (2-D rather than 3-D)

– Include caption that describes findings

– Include only most important findings


Goals





Significance









6.20).




Tests










MRAB;

















. . .


Question



effect?





• Non-smokers.


Methods









Results












distractors.


























sessions).













This difference is

based on 16

participants and is



no significant


groups in change in

error rate.


-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

1

Caffeine Group

Decaf Group

RT

chan

ge (

mse

cs)

Morning session



participant had



0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Run Number

RT

(1

0th

s o

f a s

eco

nd

) &

ER

(p

ercen

t)

Response Time

Error Rate



• Conclusions

– Restate your main findings

– Clear statement of the ‘take-home’ message

– State:

• Important open questions

• Important implications

• Other

– References, Acknowledgments and Funding Acknowledgements can be smaller


Elements of Style

Use bullet points where possible:

This research aims to examine whether a subtle

reminder of power increases the probability that a person will use using racial stereotypes when making criminal judgments (26 words)

Research Question: Do power primes lead to increased stereotyping in criminal judgments? (13 words)


Elements of Style

• Don’t cram too much in – Use large font (at least 18)

• Use smaller fonts for things like References

– Aim for ~1000 words

– Ensure that there’s white space

– Say it with pictures or tables

• Keep it simple – Use color judiciously

– Use color or font to indicate sections


Concepts – Visual guidelines

– White space & balance

– Readability

– Color guidelines

– Quality control

Methods – Custom page set-up – Adding text & graphics – Layouts - from rough to

refined – Color schemes – Printing – Big Posters – Self-assessment


Persiapan

Tujuan

Aturan

Pendekatan


Aturan Sesi Poster

• Size of poster

• Size of title or text

• Display environment

• Length of poster session

• Need for author to stay with poster

• Other AV materials or computer allowed


3’ x 5’

Develop a Plan • Draft /edit text portions

– Use plain language

– Pare down blocks of text 10 sentences

• Create subheadings

• Use phrases & bulleted lists – Save text ~ font for poster (e.g., Arial 24)

• Collect images, graphs, etc.

• Create a storyboard – Sketch poster on sheet of paper

– Organize elements

• top bottom

• left right

Title

Intro

Conclusions


‘Old Fashioned’ Approach Multiple Pages Mounted on Single Poster Board

Pages mounted

on poster board

Page matted with

contrasting color,

then mounted on

poster board


‘Modern’ Approach Single Panel in PowerPoint


Construction

Plan

Page Set-Up

Title, Author & Institutional Affiliation

Body Text & Graphic Elements

Rough Layout

Refinement

Color Scheme


3’ x 5’

Develop a Plan • Draft /edit text portions

– Use plain language

– Pare down blocks of text 10 sentences

• Create subheadings

• Use phrases & bulleted lists – Save text ~ font for poster (e.g., Arial 24)

• Collect images, graphs, etc.

• Create a storyboard – Sketch poster on sheet of paper

– Organize elements

• top bottom

• left right

Title

Intro

Conclusions


You Try .....

Page Set-Up • Open File > New Presentation

• Format > Slide Layout > Title only

• Open File > Page Set Up – Slide Sized for: Custom

– Width 48 and Height 36

– Orientation (Slide) Landscape

– Click OK

Note: You may get message “current page exceeds printable area of paper in printer. Say OK & ignore warning. You will not be printing full size on your desktop printer.

• Under Tools > Auto Correct Options – Select the second Tab “AutoFormat As You Type”

– De-select everything under “Apply as you type” & “Apply as you work”


You Try .....

Title, Author & Affiliation • Title

– Click in Title Placeholder & type (or cut / paste) Title

– Select title text & change font size to ~70-90 pts

• Practice Poster Title = Arial Black size 80

• Author / Affiliation – Click in Title Placeholder

– Type (or cut & paste) authors / institutional affiliation

– Select text & change font smaller than Title

• Practice Poster Authors = Arial size 48

• Practice Poster Institution = Arial size 36

Note: You can usually expand the width of the Title text box if you are not going to add a logo.


You Try .....

Insert > Text Boxes • Either cut/paste text from document

– Set magnification so as to view entire poster

• Use the “fit” option in the Zoom Tool – If not already done, select text & change font

• Practice Poster Authors = Arial size 24

• Or type directly into Text Box – Set magnification to view one text box only

• Use 100% or greater in the Zoom Tool – Select text & change font

• Practice Poster Authors = Arial size 24 – View entire poster for perspective

• Use the “fit” option in the Zoom Tool


You Try .....

Insert > Images

• As needed use PowerPoint image manipulation tools – Reposition – Resize

• Approximate • Precise method

– Rotate – Crop

• Use images 300 dpi – Be careful with images from internet or captured from screen

• If needed, add a thin grey or black border

Note: also consider figures, tables, graphs and/or drawings


You Try .....

Establish Rough Layout

• Review placement of text & graphic elements

• Try to achieve balance of content & presentation – ~ 40-50 % text

– 30-40 % graphics

– 20 % white space

• To move text objects: Click on Text Box or Image – Cursor changes to hand

– Drag to new position

• Remember to Save your work.... frequently


You Try ..... Refine Text & Layout

• Edit text & pare down large text blocks – To view one text box only use 100% in the Zoom Tool – To view entire poster use the “fit” option in the Zoom Tool

• Justify text

• Standardize column width

• Create section headers (& subheaders)

• Align column borders – Creating Groups out of column elements will help

• Distribute columns across page

• Add logo & footer (if necessary)


Hal yang Harus Dipertimbangkan

Be Visual • Keep text presentation neat & uncluttered

– Limit text to ~ 1000 words

– Text boxes should be ~ 11 - 15 words wide

– Indent to set text apart or to make short lists

– Left justify to make it easier to read

– Use line spacing & paragraph spacing to balance text

• Graphics communicate concepts quickly

• Graphs should be viewable from 4 - 6’ – Label within graphs or charts (rather than keys)

– Add titles

– Y-axis labels aligned horizontally are easier to read

– Avoid colored backgrounds, gridlines, etc.


• Review text & graphics placement • Consider the proportion

– ~ 40-50 % text – 30-40 % graphics – 20 % white space

• Balance margins & white space – Sides & top margins ~ 1.5- 2” – Bottom margin slightly bigger > good visual base – Avoid crowding content

• If it doesn’t help tell the story, don’t use it! – “Less is more” – “Keep it Simple” – “A picture is worth 1000 words”


Maintain Balance


• Try a typeface family

e.g., Arial Black, Arial, Arial Narrow

• Emphasis – Use bold, italics, or color

– Take care with underline, it now denotes a link

– Avoid script fonts & ALL CAPS

Suggestions Title Authors Institution Text Body

Finished height 1.5 - 2” 1 - 1.5” .5 - .75” .2 -.3”

Readable from 25’ 15’ 10’ 4 - 8’

Font size (@100%)

60 - 90 pt. 70 - 84 pt. 36 - 48 pt. 20 - 30 pt.


Ensure Text is Readable


Making the Poster

• Single-page poster

– Make poster as one big Powerpoint slide

– Get printed on department’s poster printer • (or elsewhere … more later)

BYOT: Bring your own tacks!


Making the Poster

Click File Page Setup


Making the Poster

Make the poster the right size … 56” x 36” should work

56” wide x 36” high


Making the Poster

• Sketch out your structure before starting

• Before starting, show grid and guidelines (View -> Grid and Guides)


Making the Poster • Insert elements where you’ll want them

•Increase poster size (to about 30%) to work on individual pieces

•Use grid to keep elements aligned


Making the Poster – Useful Powerpoint Features

56” wide x 36” high 56” wide x 36” high



56” wide x 36” high

This is the OK button




Group objects together – Hold down CTRL Key While clicking each of them




Group objects together – Hold down CTRL Key While clicking each of them.




Click Draw -> Group, Makes the objects act as “one” so you can move together




Make graphs or tables in Excel and Paste Into Powerpoint Using Edit-> Paste Special




0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Control Experimental

Time 1

Time 2

You can edit your graphs or tables in Powerpoint if needed


Watch.....

Add Color


You Try .....

Add Color • Format > Slide Background • Select color

– Keep contrast high between text & background – Complement poster content & images

• Light backgrounds work well with dark photos & graphic • Dark backgrounds for light photos & graphics

• Create section headers – Insert > Text Box

– Format AutoShape > Colors & Lines

• Try a semi-transparent layer under text – Add AutoShape & change color /transparency using Format

AutoShape

– Move shape behind Text using Draw > Order > Send to Back


Hal Yang Harus Dipertimbangkan:

Color Scheme

• Stick to a theme of 2-3 colors, no more

• Avoid stark white background

• Intense colors are only good as borders or emphasis

• Fluorescent lighting may intensify / alter bright colors

• If you select an image as background

– Use subtle image or text won’t be readable

– Add semi-transparent layer between image & text

• See method on previous slide


Wrap Up

Quality control

Printing

60 second self-assessment

Big Posters


Ensure Quality Control • Print a small version for feedback

– Use the Scale to Fit option in your printing dialog box

– If you can’t read on 8.5 x 11 page, the text is probably too small

• Have a colleague proof all aspects of poster – Make corrections or additions

– Redo areas that are unclear

• Edit ruthlessly – Typically too much text on posters

– Sentences > phrases or lists

– If it is not relevant to your message, remove it!

• Save & back-up your work


Printing • Use professional large format printing service

– UCSD IMPRINTS (x 4-3020) or KINKOS (858-459- 3043)

– Expect ~ 48 hr turnaround

– Ask if print “proof” is possible

• Specify final dimensions of poster (e.g., 36” x 48”)

• Price depends on options – Color vs. b/w

– Paper stock

– Size

– Lamination

– Mounting


Evaluate - Using 60 Sec Eval • Overall appearance

• White space

• Text / graphic balance

• Text size

• Organization & flow

• Author identification

• Research objective

• Main points

• Summary

* See last sheet of handout for the evaluation form.


Making Big Posters

• PowerPoint limitations – Custom page sizes up to 56” x 56” – Posters > 56” x 56” must be constructed at 50% of final size

• To create a poster 5’ x 3’ (60” x 36”) – Make a Custom slide at 30” x 18” – Font sizes : ~ 50% normal

• Fonts will be normal size when page printed at 2x • PowerPoint scales text without loss of crispness

– Graphics: 300 dpi

• To print a poster 5’ x 3’ (60” x 36”) – Specify print size = 60” x 36” – Reiterate the poster to be printed at 2x the page size


Be Kind to Your Visitor • Assume he or she:

– Is a psychologist

– Is under cognitive load

– Is busy (10 minutes or less)

– Is standing 5’ away

• Don’t make people walk – Proceed in columns so the reader doesn’t need to

walk back and forth

Guidelines in Poster Presentation


Presentation

• Be prepared to describe your research – Practice a 3-4 minute summary

– Anticipate questions (and think about how you’ll answer them)

• Be professional – Dress appropriately, act graciously

• Have 8.5” x 11” handouts for poster visitors

• Be proud!


perhatikan jarak pandang dan cara memandang


Summary Kriteria Poster yang Baik

VISUALS : - Visible : mudah dilihat - Interesting : menarik - Structured : terstruktur - Useful : berguna, informatif - Accurate : teliti - Legitimate : mengikuti persyaratan - Simple : sederhana


Informasi lebih lanjut:

Prof . Ir. Ahmad Sulaeman, Ph.D.

Dept Gizi Masyarakat – Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, telp. 02518621258, Fax 0251-8622276, HP 087874444468 email: [email protected]

fakultas ekologi manusia | membumi dan mendunia · assessment battery (mrab), ... center panel of...

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