energy for myocard

8/11/2019 Energy for Myocard

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ENERGI

JANTUNG

Betty Prastuti, S.Gz, M.Sc


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Energy (ATP) for

myocard


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SUMBER ENERGI JANTUNG

35% Glikolisis (aerob& anaerob) Glukoneogenesis (Piruvat, laktat)

KH

Oksidasi asam lemak Sumber energi terpenting bagi jantungLipid

Dibentuk dari ATP Meningkatkan hantaran O2adenosin


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The multiple sources of ATP in heart muscle

The multiple sources

of ATP in heart muscle


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SEVERAL MECHANISMS REPLENISHSTORES OF ATP IN HEART MUSCLE

The ATP required as the constant energy source for the

contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle can be generated :

1. By glycolysis, using blood glucose

2. By Creatine phosphate hydrolysis ,

3. from two molecules of ADP in a reaction catalyzed by

adenylyl kinase

4. By Oxidative phosphorylation

5. By Oxydation of ketone bodies


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GLIKOLISIS


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sel

membran

dalam

Membran

luar

mitokondrion


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glikolisis

DaurKrebs

membrane

luar

membran

dalam

Rangkaian

transpor

elektron

kompartemendalam

H2O

O2

H+ e-

kompartemen

luar


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Ringkasan Glikolisis pd keadaan anaerobik

ATP yang dihasilkan :

2ATP per 1 glukosa


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Katabolisme glukosa pd keadaan aerobik

Glukosa-6P

Piruvat

O2

H2O

2CO2

Siklus KREBs

Oksidasi Fosforilasi

2H 2H

Asetil-koA

Oksaloasetat

Ko-A

Glukosa

CO2

NADH

ATP

ADP

2ATP

NAD+

ATP

NAD+ NADH

koA

Komplit sampai terbentuk CO2. Jalur-jalur metabolismenya :

Glikolisis, Oksidasi piruvat, Siklus Krebs dan Oksidasi Fosforilasi

ATP yang dihasilkan :

38ATP per 1 glukosa


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Tissue specific of glucose catabolism

Brain : aerobic (complete to CO2)

Liver : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;

anaerobic (to lactate) ; divert to fat ;

deliver glucose to blood Adipose: divert to fat ;

Muscles : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;

anaerobic (to lactate)

Erythrocytes : anaerobic (to lactate)


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KREATININ PHOSPAT

Kreatin fosfat adalah simpanan energi pertama yang digunakanpada awalaktivitas kontraktil.

Seperti ATP, kratin fosfat mengandung sebuah gugusfosfatberenergi tinggi, yang dapat diberikan secara langsung ke ADPuntuk membentuk ATP.

Seperti terjadinya pelepasan energi sewaktu ikatan fosfatterminal diATP diputuskan, energi juga dibebaskan ketika ikatan fosfatdankreatin diputuskan.

Energi yang dibebaskan dari hidrolisis kreatin fosfat, bersamadengan fosfatnya, dapat diberikan secara langsung ke ADPuntuk membentuk ATP.

Reaksi ini, yang dikatalisis oleh enzim sel otot kreatinkinase bersifatreversibel; energi dan fosfat dari ATP dapat dipindahkan kekreatinuntuk membentuk kreatin fosfat (Sherwood, 2001).


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Creatine Phosphate

Creatine phosphate prevents the rapid depletion of ATP

by providing a readily available high-energy phosphate

that can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP.

Creatine phosphate is formed from ATP and creatine attimes when the muscle is relaxed and demands for ATP

are not so great.

The enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of creatineis creatine kinase(CK), a muscle-specific enzyme with

clinical utility in the detection of acute or chronic

diseases of muscle.

Creatine Phosphate Constitutes a Major Energy Reserve in Muscle


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The creatine phosphateshuttle of

heart and skeletal muscle

The shuttle allows rapid transport of high-

energy phosphate from the mitochondrial

matrix into the cytosol.

1. CKa, creatine kinase concerned with large

requirements for ATP, eg, muscular

contraction;

2. CKc, creatine kinase for maintaining

equilibrium between creatine and creatine

phosphate and ATP/ADP;

3. CKg, creatine kinase coupling glycolysis to

creatine phosphate synthesis;

4. CKm, mitochondrial creatine kinase

mediating creatine phosphate production from

ATP formed in oxidative phosphorylation;

P, pore protein in outer mitochondrial

membrane.


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Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase)


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Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase)

1. High-energy phosphate in ADP to be used in the

synthesis of ATP.

2. AMP, formed as a consequence of several activating

reactions involving ATP, to be recovered by

rephosphorylation to ADP.

3. AMP to increase in concentration when ATP becomes

depleted and act as a metabolic (allosteric) signal to

increase the rate of catabolic reactions, which in turn

lead to the generation of more ATP (Chapter 20).

K t b li l k d


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Katabolisme glukosa pdkeadaan aerobik

Glukosa-6P

Piruvat

O2

H2O

2CO2

Siklus KREBs

Oksidasi Fosforilasi

2H 2H

Asetil-koA

Oksaloasetat

Ko-A

Glukosa

CO2

NADH

ATP

ADP

2ATP

NAD+

ATP

Glikolisis, Oksidasi piruvat, Siklus Krebsdan Oksidasi Fosforilasi

NAD+ NADH

koA


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Tissue specific of glucose catabolism

Brain : aerobic (complete to CO2)

Liver : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;

anaerobic (to lactate) ; divert to fat ;

deliver glucose to blood Adipose: divert to fat ;

Muscles : aerobic (complete to CO2) ;

anaerobic (to lactate)

Erythrocytes : anaerobic (to lactate)


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Penampungan hidrogen oleh Oksidasi fosforilasi

ADP

ATP


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Katabolisme asam lemak

1. Oksidasi asam lemak,

2. Siklus Krebs

3. Oksidasi Fosforilasi

Hanya pd keadaan aerobik


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Fatty acid metabolism


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Overview of amino acid metabolism

O2

H2OADP ATP

Respiratory chain


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Catabolism of

dietarycarbohydrate,protein, and fat

Outline of the pathways for the

catabolism of dietary carbohydrate,

protein, and fat.

All the pathways lead to the production

of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized in the

citric acid cycle, ultimately yielding ATP in

the process of oxidative phosphorylation.


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Ketogenesis and Ketolysis


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Ketone Body Formation in Liver


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Ketone Body Oxidation in brain, muscle, kidney and intestine


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Interrelationships of the ketone bodies

D()-3-hydroxybutyrate

dehydrogenase is a

mitochondrialenzyme.


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Formation, utilization, and excretion of ketone bodies

H

O2

H2O

ADP

ATP


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Production and utilization of ketone bodies

Transport of ketone bodies from the liver and pathways of utilization and oxidation inextrahepatic tissues


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Protein and amino acids via Citric Acid Cycle and

Oxidative Phosphorylation

energy for myocard

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