emulsion,fardas s1 2013
TRANSCRIPT
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Emulsions
zulfiayu
S1 Farmasi UNG juni 2013
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Emulsions
W + O agitated droplet Agitationstopped
Coalesce &
separe
W+o+emulsifier agitated ??????
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Definisi
Sistem 2 fase yg salah satucairannya terdispersi dalam
cairan yang lain dalam bentuk
tetesan kecil
Mengandung sedikitnya jenis
cairan yang tidak bercampur
satu dengan yang lainnya,
cairan yang terdispersi menjadibutiran halus (tetesan kecil)
dalam cairan lainnya
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Definition
Non Homogenous substance
Mixture 2 immicible (unblendable) liquids
Dispersed as globules Thermoynamically unstable
Acceptable shelf life at room temp.
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LIQUID
Forces Acting on Molecules on the surface and in
the the interior of a liquid
AIR
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Component
Internal (globules)/disperse/discontinous
phase : 74% (monodisperse)
External /discontinous phase
Emulsifying agent
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Aplication and Utility
Aplication
Topical
Oral Intravenous (o/w)
Diffusion barrier depots intramuscular (w/o)
Diagnostic agents in x-ray examination Delivery of vaccines
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Aplication and Utility
Why emulsion popular?
Patient acceptanceoral and topical
Efficacy, i.e. Absorption or bioavailability
their ability to be diluted in vivo in the blood or gastrointestinal tract
without ensuing precipitation of solid drug particles, as well as theenhanced stability furnished by a nonaqueous environment.
Amphotericin B administered as a lipid emulsion, in comparison with a 5%aqueous dextrose solution, gave a lower incidence of fever andnephrotoxicity and was as effective
Griseofulvin suspended in the oil phase of an O/W emulsion was found togive enhanced bioavailability, presumably due to the effect of metabolicproducts of the oil on gastric emptying time
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Aplication and Utility
Diagnostic agents in x-ray examination
Radiopaque substances visualize body organs and structures.
O/w iodized oil, iophendylate, and ethiodized oil (Ethodiol) injected into
the peritoneal cavity of rats were found to give excellent outlines of theperitoneal cavity and in some cases of special structures such as thespleen
Intrathecal injections of iophendylate emulsions into dogs and into thecarpal joint of a horse showed good contrast and demonstrated good
mixing with the respective body fluids.
Intravenous administration in humans of ethiodized fat emulsions with aparticlediameter of 14 mm gave superior results in computerizedtomography of hepatomas
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Type of Emulsion
Ordinary Emulsion
Oil in water (o/w), iv
Water in oil (w/o), im
Water in water (w/w), incompatible polimers
like poysaccharides, synthetic polymers, protein Oil in oil (o/o), incompatible organic solvens stabilized by block
copolimers with residues of differing solubilities in 2 components
Multiple emulsion : drops of dispersed phase contain smaller dropletsthat have the same compositon as the external phase
o/w/o
w/o/w
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Types ofEmulsion
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Teori Terjadinya Emulsi
Emulsi terbentuk dari dua proses yang terjadi secara
bersamaan yaitu : dispersi satu cairan sebagai droplet pada
cairan lainnya dan penggabungan kembali droplet tersebut
untuk membentukbulk
cairan semula
Proses pertama meningkatkan energi bebas dari sistem
sedangkan proses kedua menurunkan energi bebas
permukaan dari sistem
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Initial stage :Separate bulk phase
Intermediate stage :O/W and W/O dispersionpresent in system
Final emulsion is O/W typeWhen rate 2 > Rate 1
Final emulsion is W/O typeWhen rate 1> Rate 2
Effect of rate of coalescence on emulsion type, Rate 1 : O/W coalescence rate;Rate 2 : W/O Coalescence rate (Remingtons)
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Type film yang terbentuk oleh emulgator pada emulsi O/W
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Methode of preparation
1. Wet gum methode (English methode)
Suitable for preparing emulsions with mucilages or dissolved gums as
the e.a.
Viscous mucilage of gum is made with a small amount of the water andthe oil is added in small amounts, with a rapid trituration. As the
emulsion becomes too viscous for rapid stirring, additional quantities of
water are addes. At all times, until all the oil is incorperated, the
preparations must be kept just thin enough to permit preparation. When
all the oil has been added, the mixture is brought to volume with water.
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2. Dry Gum Methode (Continental Method, 4:2:1)Suitable for emulsions prepared from dry gum emulsifiers.
Primari emulsion is formed by using the entire quantity of the oil. The dry
gum, of the amount of oil, is dispersed in the oil. Added water equal to
half the volume of oil is added, all at one time, with rapid trituration,continued at high speed, until a thick primary emulsion is formed.A
snapping sound is heard when a good stable primary emulsion has been
prepared. Finally, the reminder of the aqueous phase is added slowly with
trituration.
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3. Bottle Method
Preparation of emulsions of volatile and other non viscous oils.
Variations of dry gum method.
The oil put into a large bottle or flask, and the powdered dry gum added
and dispersed quickly. It is important thet the water be ready to be addedimmediately after the dispersion of the gum. The primary emulsion is
formed by a vigorous shaking and is then diluted with the external phase.
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4. Beaker Method
Syntetic emulsifier.
The most appropriate method is to divide its water-soluble and its oil-
soluble components, and dissolve the emulsifier in the phase in which it is
more soluble. Melt heated 70C. (5-10
C above highest melting
point).When the two phase have reached the same temp., theinternal phase is added to the external phase with stirring.
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Schematic representation of different types of instability processes in an emulsion:
(1) freshly prepared emulsion, (2) flocculation, (3) coalescence, (4) creaming
(2) , (5) Ostwald ripening,
and 6 hase inversion Kulshreshtha et. al
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