Suspensions

zulfiayuS1 Farmasi UNG mei 2013

Definisi

• Sediaan yang mengandung bahan obat padatdalam bentuk halus dan tidak larut, terdispersidlam cairan pembawa

• Sediaan heterogen yg terdiri atas 2 fase, yitufase terdispersi atau fase kontinue atau faseluar yg umumnya cairan atau setengah padat;dan fase terdispersi atau fase luar yg terdiriatas bahan-bahan yang tidak larut

• Sediaan yang mengandung bahan obat padatdalam bentuk halus dan tidak larut, terdispersidlam cairan pembawa

• Sediaan heterogen yg terdiri atas 2 fase, yitufase terdispersi atau fase kontinue atau faseluar yg umumnya cairan atau setengah padat;dan fase terdispersi atau fase luar yg terdiriatas bahan-bahan yang tidak larut

Definition

• NonHomogenous substance• Insoluble finely divided solid is dispersed

uniformly in a liquid dispersion medium• Thermoynamically unstable

Acceptable shelf life at room temp.

• NonHomogenous substance• Insoluble finely divided solid is dispersed

uniformly in a liquid dispersion medium• Thermoynamically unstable

Acceptable shelf life at room temp.

Component

• Internal (globules)/disperse/discontinousphaseOralhigh amounts of dispersed solid.parenteralless than 5% solids.

• External /discontinous phaseliquid / semi solid

• Wetting Agent• Suspending Agent

• Internal (globules)/disperse/discontinousphaseOralhigh amounts of dispersed solid.parenteralless than 5% solids.

• External /discontinous phaseliquid / semi solid

• Wetting Agent• Suspending Agent

Size of particle

Coarse suspension: greater than ~1 μmColloidal suspension : below 1 μmWhen the particles constituting the internalphase of the suspension are therapeuticallyactive, the suspension is known aspharmaceutical suspension.

Coarse suspension: greater than ~1 μmColloidal suspension : below 1 μmWhen the particles constituting the internalphase of the suspension are therapeuticallyactive, the suspension is known aspharmaceutical suspension.

Aplication and Utility

Why suspension used?– The drug is insoluble in the delivery vehicle.– To mask the bitter taste of the drug.– To increase drug stability.– To achieve controlled/sustained drug release.

Why suspension used?– The drug is insoluble in the delivery vehicle.– To mask the bitter taste of the drug.– To increase drug stability.– To achieve controlled/sustained drug release.

Aplication and UtilityAplication• Oral medicinesantacid suspensions, ex :oral antibacterial suspensions,Oral

analgesic suspensions,Oral anthelmintic suspension,Oral anticonvulsantsuspensions,Oral antifungal suspensions,Dry antibiotic powders for oralsuspensions

• Parenteral products, ex :Intramuscular antidiarrheal suspensions,Intravenousanticancer suspensions, Intramuscular contraceptive suspensions

• Topical products, e.g. high protection-factor sunscreens• Metered-dose aerosol inhalation products• Suppositories• Film-coating of tablets• Sugar-coating of tablets• Manufacture of hard gelatin capsule shells and fills• Manufacture of soft gelatin capsule fills and shells• Granulating suspensions (“slurries”) used in the wet granulation of powders for

granule, tablet or capsule manufacturepical suspensions,oral suspensions

Aplication• Oral medicinesantacid suspensions, ex :oral antibacterial suspensions,Oral

analgesic suspensions,Oral anthelmintic suspension,Oral anticonvulsantsuspensions,Oral antifungal suspensions,Dry antibiotic powders for oralsuspensions

• Parenteral products, ex :Intramuscular antidiarrheal suspensions,Intravenousanticancer suspensions, Intramuscular contraceptive suspensions

• Topical products, e.g. high protection-factor sunscreens• Metered-dose aerosol inhalation products• Suppositories• Film-coating of tablets• Sugar-coating of tablets• Manufacture of hard gelatin capsule shells and fills• Manufacture of soft gelatin capsule fills and shells• Granulating suspensions (“slurries”) used in the wet granulation of powders for

granule, tablet or capsule manufacturepical suspensions,oral suspensions

Suspensions are also used in the allied fields ofcosmetics, veterinary medicine,pest control,including domestic, industrial and agriculturalapplications, and other industrial

Suspensions are also used in the allied fields ofcosmetics, veterinary medicine,pest control,including domestic, industrial and agriculturalapplications, and other industrial

Ideal Suspension

The suspension must be :• physically stable (no appreciable settling) for a

sufficient time,• chemically stable over the required time (shelf-life),• possess a viscosity that allows it to be used for its

intended purpose,• be easily reconstituted by shaking,• and be acceptable in use to the patient, care-giver or

other user.

The suspension must be :• physically stable (no appreciable settling) for a

sufficient time,• chemically stable over the required time (shelf-life),• possess a viscosity that allows it to be used for its

intended purpose,• be easily reconstituted by shaking,• and be acceptable in use to the patient, care-giver or

other user.

Some desirable attributes of a suspension are described by Bhargava et al.(1996).1. It should be safe, effective, stable, and pharmaceutically elegant during the

shelf life of the product.2. The drug should not have a quick sedimentation rate. Furthermore, it

should resuspend easily upon shaking and it must not cake.3. Physical attributes such as particle size, particle size distribution, viscosity

should remain fairly uniform throughout the shelf life of the product.4. Its viscosity must promote free and uniform flow from the container. The

product must have appropriate substantivity that it spreads freely over theaffected area.

5. Resuspension should produce a homogeneous mix of drug particles suchthat there is a content uniformity with each dose.

Some desirable attributes of a suspension are described by Bhargava et al.(1996).1. It should be safe, effective, stable, and pharmaceutically elegant during the

shelf life of the product.2. The drug should not have a quick sedimentation rate. Furthermore, it

should resuspend easily upon shaking and it must not cake.3. Physical attributes such as particle size, particle size distribution, viscosity

should remain fairly uniform throughout the shelf life of the product.4. Its viscosity must promote free and uniform flow from the container. The

product must have appropriate substantivity that it spreads freely over theaffected area.

5. Resuspension should produce a homogeneous mix of drug particles suchthat there is a content uniformity with each dose.

Type of Suspension

Type of particle solid• Floculated suspension• Defloculated suspension

Size of particle :• Colloidal suspension• Coarse suspension

Type of particle solid• Floculated suspension• Defloculated suspension

Size of particle :• Colloidal suspension• Coarse suspension

Type of suspension

Route :• Oral• Non oral

Flocculated Suspension

Open-network suspension aggregate

Deflocculated Suspensionc

Dispersed particles Closed suspensionaggregate

Wetting/Pembasah

• Bahan Pembasah sangat penting padasuspensi

• Kemudahan terbasahinya serbuk tergantungdari besarnya sudut kontak sudut yangterbentuk antara serbuk dgn permukaancairan

• Bahan Pembasah sangat penting padasuspensi

• Kemudahan terbasahinya serbuk tergantungdari besarnya sudut kontak sudut yangterbentuk antara serbuk dgn permukaancairan

Sudut kontak

• Sudut kontak ± 90˚mengambang/terapungdi atas cairan

• Sudut kontak ˂ 90˚menyelup/mengambang di bawah cairan

• Tidak ada sudut kontak serbuk tenggelam• Serbuk dengan sudut kontak besar sukar

dibasahi oleh air hidrofob

• Sudut kontak ± 90˚mengambang/terapungdi atas cairan

• Sudut kontak ˂ 90˚menyelup/mengambang di bawah cairan

• Tidak ada sudut kontak serbuk tenggelam• Serbuk dengan sudut kontak besar sukar

dibasahi oleh air hidrofob

• Untuk menurunkan tegangan antar mukaantara partikel padat & cairan pembawatambahkan wetting agent atau surfactan

• Co : gliserin, propilenglikol, larutan gom

• Untuk menurunkan tegangan antar mukaantara partikel padat & cairan pembawatambahkan wetting agent atau surfactan

• Co : gliserin, propilenglikol, larutan gom

Pembuatan suspensi

• Menggunakan pensuspensi PGS (PuvisGummosus)

• Banyaknya PGS tidak tergantung padabanyaknya serbuk tegantung padabanyknya cairan

• 2% u bahan yg berkhasiat keras, 1% lainnyadari jumlah cairan

• Menggunakan pensuspensi PGS (PuvisGummosus)

• Banyaknya PGS tidak tergantung padabanyaknya serbuk tegantung padabanyknya cairan

• 2% u bahan yg berkhasiat keras, 1% lainnyadari jumlah cairan

Cara membuat

• Bahan yang tidak larut dicampur/digerus dgnPGS di dalam lumpang, kemdian tambahkanair sebanyak 7x PGS ygn dipakai

• Jika zat padat dalam campuran cukup banyak,air bisa lebih

• Bahan yang tidak larut dicampur/digerus dgnPGS di dalam lumpang, kemdian tambahkanair sebanyak 7x PGS ygn dipakai

• Jika zat padat dalam campuran cukup banyak,air bisa lebih

Pengecualian

• Mg oksida, Mg subkarbonas serbuk ygringan dapat disuspensikan tnpa zattambahan

• Carbo adsorbens, carbo ligni (obat diare) tidaktambaha PGS (lendir)mengurangi dayakerjanya

• Mg oksida, Mg subkarbonas serbuk ygringan dapat disuspensikan tnpa zattambahan

• Carbo adsorbens, carbo ligni (obat diare) tidaktambaha PGS (lendir)mengurangi dayakerjanya